scholarly journals Herbal Medication, Macmoondong Decoction, Attenuates LPS-Induced COPD in Small Airways via TGF-β, CCL-2, and CXCL1

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Soon-Young Lee ◽  
Bossng Kang ◽  
Chun-Sik Bae ◽  
Seung-Sik Cho ◽  
Dae-Hun Park
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Small Airways ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines ◽  
Incurable Disease ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Dose Dependent

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an incurable disease related to the respiratory system. A 2017 report by the World Health Organization stated that it was the third most common cause of death in 2015. Macmoondong decoction is a prescription that has been used widely in Korea for the treatment of respiratory diseases, but there have been few investigations into the therapeutic mechanism. To investigate the anti-COPD effect of macmoondong decoction, the animals were divided into five treatment groups: control; COPD-induced control; Spiriva; 150 mg/kg macmoondong decoction; and 1500 mg/kg macmoondong decoction. Changes typically observed in COPD, such as the populations of WBC and neutrophils in BALF, the level of IgE in serum, morphological changes, the DNA levels, and the protein expression of cytokines and chemokines (TGF-β, CCL-2, CXCL1, and CXCL11) in the pulmonary system, were evaluated. Macmoondong decoction inhibited the populations of WBC and neutrophils in BALF and the level of IgE in serum. Dose-dependent prevention of the pulmonary morphological changes, such as emphysema and airway fibrosis, was observed. Macmoondong decoction suppressed the expression of DNA and proteins related to the occurrence of COPD, such as TGF-β, CCL-2, CXCL1, and CXCL11. In particular, the expression of TGF-β, CCL-2, and CXCL1 was significantly suppressed by 1500 mg/kg macmoondong decoction treatment compared with Spiriva treatment. Macmoondong decoction exerted an anti-COPD effect, and the mechanism of its action may be the suppression of TGF-β, CCL-2, CXCL1, and CXCL11 expression, which occurred in a dose-dependent manner. The mechanism of action of macmoondong decoction may be the dose-dependent suppression of TGF-β, CCL-2, CXCL1, and CXCL11, with TGF-β, CCL-2, and CXCL1 as the potential key factors involved in COPD suppression.

scholarly journals High risk individuals in COVID-19 pandemic; an updated review

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. e25-e25
Author(s):  
Rojin Chegini ◽  
Alireza Bolurian ◽  
Zahra Mojtahedi ◽  
Masoud Hafizi
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Complications ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Health Organization

In December 2019, cases of pneumonia with an unknown pathogen were reporting in Wuhan city, China. The World Health Organization (WHO) recognized it as a pandemic, on March 11, 2020. The most frequent site of involvement is the respiratory system. The most common symptoms include cough, fatigue and fever. In some cases, neurological, respiratory and gastrointestinal complications can lead to death. Inflammatory cytokines can play a major role in pathogen damage. Due to the pandemic of COVID-19 and its severe complications, it is critical to identify the high-risk groups. Since this disease has a rapid transmission, following the instructions announced by the WHO, prevention is vital, especially in people with risk factors for disease complications and mortality. According to the latest reports by CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention), older age and having some medical conditions such as smoking, obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2 ), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), heart disease, cancer, solid organ transplant, type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure, and sickle cell anemia in younger adults are known disease severity risk factor.

scholarly journals The Good COPD Guidelines

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-16
Author(s):  
Dennis Bowie
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
The Third ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Prevalent Disease ◽  
Health Organization

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is becoming an increasing problem for health care workers. The World Health Organization predicts that in the year 2020, this disease will be the fifth most prevalent disease worldwide, up from 12th place, and it will be the third most common cause of death, up from sixth place in 1997 (1). Hospitalization and mortality rates for COPD continue to rise in Canada (2). Therefore, the burden of COPD on Canadians, the health care system and physicians is obvious.

scholarly journals Development Portable Spirometer using MPXV7002DP Sensor and TFT Display for Lung Disease Detection.

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 122-129
Author(s):  
Lizarazu Maulidil Li Kharis ◽  
Andjar Pudji ◽  
Priyambada Cahya Nugraha
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Validation Data ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Sd Card

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease whose prevalence tends to increase annually, with the World Health Organization (WHO) data predicting in 2020 the disease is the cause of the third-highest mortality worldwide. The assessment of the recurrence of COPD patients is very important, as it will accelerate the decline of lung function and health status. The purpose of this research is to design a spirometer by utilizing the MPXV7002DP sensor and equipped with a graphical display as well as lung health status on the Nextion TFT LCD.  A portable Spirometer design has been done using the MPXV7002DP pressure sensor out as a transducer with a display on the Nextion TFT LCD. The design aims to determine the health of lung function by knowing the volume of lung Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expired Volume in one second (FEV1), and Vital Capacity (VC). The working principle of this tool is to process the pressure from the results of the user blowing to the sensor through a mouthpiece which is designed based on Venturimeter law, the data will be processed by the Arduino microcontroller 2560 to be displayed on the LCD TFT and Nextion stored in SD card memory. The result of module validation data against a Spirometer 3L calibrator Benchmarking tool was obtained 1.58% VC error. The value is still below the 5% error tolerance limit so that the VC parameters in the secure module is used.

Communication and Education Processes Involved in COPD Patient Engagement within the Italian Health System

2017 ◽  
pp. 29-65
Author(s):  
Virginia Recchia ◽  
Antonio Dodaro ◽  
Rosita B. Maglie ◽  
Carlo G. Leo
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Patient Engagement ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
The World ◽  
Advance Care ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Problem Patient

The World Health Organization has estimated that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth most common cause of death worldwide. Due to the economic and social extent of the problem, patient engagement must be comprised as a new resource for the achievement of higher health outcomes and lower costs. As many key processes involved in the COPD patient engagement consist of communication and education processes, modelling those processes in a whole framework, including actors and content needs, is a requirement. The main scope of this chapter is contributing to design such a framework within the Italian Health System. Final recommendations suggest to create a synergy among patient engagement and a set of legal tools, namely informed consent, integrated care and advance care planning. The synergy is based on the fact that both patient engagement and those legal tools have a common deep root in the universal principle of patient autonomy.

scholarly journals Palliative care needs in COPD patients with or without cancer: an epidemiological study

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 663-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia Meffert ◽  
Isaak Hatami ◽  
Carola Xander ◽  
Gerhild Becker
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Main Diagnosis ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Palliative Care Needs

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a growing cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, many patients with severe COPD do not receive adequate palliative care. The main goals of our study were to identify the percentage of hospital patients with palliative care needs, particularly those who suffer from COPD.Data were collected prospectively from inpatients at the University Medical Centre Freiburg (Freiburg, Germany). Based on the World Health Organization definition of palliative care, the treating physician reported for each patient discharged whether the patient had palliative care needs or not. Data from 39 849 patients could be analysed, of which 1455 were suffering from COPD.Of all COPD patients, 9.1% had palliative care needs. In COPD patients with palliative care needs, hospital stay was significantly longer (13.7 versus 10.3 days) than in the group without palliative care needs, and significantly more patients died during their hospital stay (8.3% versus 3.7%). The presence of metastases was the highest risk factor for developing palliative care needs (OR 4.18). Furthermore, a main diagnosis of COPD implied an increased probability of palliative care needs (OR 1.87).Our results show that COPD patients have a high risk of developing palliative care needs. Further efforts are required to provide palliative care to COPD patients.

Prognostic role of transferrin saturation in heart failure patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeness Campodonico ◽  
Flavia Nicoli ◽  
Irene Motta ◽  
Margherita Migone De Amicis ◽  
Alice Bonomi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Transferrin Saturation ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Group A ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Worse Prognosis

Abstract Aims In heart failure (HF) iron deficiency (ID) is frequently observed and represents a major mortality risk factor. Purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between mortality and ID in a cohort of 661 consecutive patients hospitalized for HF worsening. Methods and results Patients were grouped: (i)according to presence(+)/absence(−) of anaemia (A) and ID defined following World Health Organization (WHO) and European Society of Cardiology (ESC)–American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association/HF society of America (ACC/AHA/HFSA) definitions, respectively: Group A−ID− (n = 123), Group A+ID− (n = 80), Group A+ID+ (n = 247), and Group A−ID+ (n = 211); (ii) according to presence of absolute (serum ferritin < 100μg/L) and functional ID [ferritin between 100 and 300μg/L and transferrin saturation (TSAT) < 20%]; and (iii) according to TSAT <20% and ≥20%. Groups were not different for several clinical features but age, gender, kidney function, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Average follow-up was 1.94 year (±420 days). Overall 5 years mortality rate was 29.5%. Only anaemia and functional ID but not ID as defined by guidelines showed an impact on prognosis. Transferrin saturation <20% (n = 360) patients showed worst prognosis compared to TSAT ≥20% (n = 301) patients. In addition, functional ID patients showed worse prognosis compared patients with ferritin <100μg/L and TSAT <20% or ≥20% likely due to more severe chronic inflammatory status [C-reactive protein, 7.4 (interquartile range 2.7–22.6) and 3.2 (1.4–8.7) mg/L, P < 0.0001 respectively]. Conclusion We confirmed that in HF anaemia is associated to a poor prognosis. Moreover, we showed that patients with TSAT <20% had worse prognosis compared to those with TSAT ≥20% but the composite of ferritin between 100 and 300 μg/L and TSAT <20% identifies HF patients with the poorest survival rate.

scholarly journals AB0339 THE IMPORTANCE OF THERAPEUTIC COMPLIANCE: ADHERENCE TO METHOTREXATE AND ITS ROLE IN IMMUNOGENICITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1468.2-1468
Author(s):  
P. García ◽  
M. González Fernández ◽  
M. N. Rivas ◽  
J. Duruelo ◽  
E. Garmendia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
World Health ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Secondary Failure ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Dose Dependent

Background:Immunogenicity against adalimumab leads to loss of response and secondary failure to biologic therapy; however, concomitant use of methotrexate (MTX) seems to reduce the development of anti-drug antibodies (ADAbs) in a dose-dependent manner. Suboptimal adherence to MTX may favour ADAbs appearance.Objectives:To evaluate the relationship between MTX adherence and ADAbs development.Methods:Observational study among adult patients with chronic inflammatory arthropathy, followed in a tertiary care centre, who were in treatment with MTX and adalimumab. ADAbs formation in relation to MTX adherence was assessed.Results:33 patients were included, with a MTX adherence overall mean of 82.13 (12.45%-100%, median adherence 92.19%). Only 9.09% (n=3) of the patients developed ADAbs, being its MTX adherence mean of 60.95% (46.47%-70%, median adherence 66.39%); ADAbs negative group showed an average MTX adherence of 84.23% (12.45%-100%, median adherence 94.29%). A statistically significant result (p<0.05) between groups was found.Table 1.Baseline characteristics of the patients with RA (n=450), mean±SD/n(%)nAdherence meanADAbs (+)3 (9.09%)60.95%p<0.05ADAbs (-)30 (90.91%)84.23%Total33 (100%)82.13%No statistically significant differences (p>0.05) involving MTX adherence and its dose were found.Conclusion:While the sample is small, this study suggests that ADAbs development may be influenced by MTX adherence, thereby promoting adequate MTX adherence should be a priority in the daily practice of every rheumatologist.References:[1]World Health Organization. Adherence to long term therapies: evidence for action. 2003.[2]Krieckaert CL, Nurmohamed MT, Wolbink GJ. Methotrexate reduces immunogenicity in adalimumab treated rheumatoid arthritis patients in a dose dependent manner. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2012;71:1914-1915.[3]Zhang J, Xie F, Delzell E, et al. Impact of biologic agents with and without concomitant methotrexate and at reduced doses in older rheumatoid arthritis patients. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2015;67(5):624–632. doi:10.1002/acr.22510[4]Jani M, Barton A, Warren RB, Griffiths CE, Chinoy H. The role of DMARDs in reducing the immunogenicity of TNF inhibitors in chronic inflammatory diseases. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2014;53(2):213–222. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/ket260.Disclosure of Interests:Paula García: None declared, Marta González Fernández: None declared, Mayra Nathali Rivas: None declared, Javier Duruelo: None declared, Elena Garmendia: None declared, Javier Arostegui Lavilla: None declared, Fernando Perez-Ruiz Consultant of: AmgenLilly, Speakers bureau: Amgen, Alberto Alonso: None declared, Consuelo Modesto: None declared, Boris Anthony Blanco Cáceres: None declared

scholarly journals DIAGNOSTICS OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE IN REAL CLINICAL PRACTICE: HYPODIAGNISTICS OR HYPERDIAGNOSTICS

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
Nataliya Cherepii ◽  
Lesia Rasputina
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
World Health ◽  
Medical Documentation ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Severity Degree

According to the data of the world statistics there is observed the continuous growth of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). According to the last data of the World health organization (WHO), for today there is near 250 mln persons with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and this disease becomes as cause of death of near 3 mln persons annually. Aim: to establish the prevalence of undiagnosed chronic pulmonary disease (COPD) among persons, who consider themselves as healthy ones and regularly undergo medical check-ups; to estimate the frequency of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) according to the data of medical documentation. Methods and materials: 525 persons, older than 35, who did not have in an anamnesis any chronic diseases of respiratory tract, were interrogated. At the following stage, persons, who had taken 18 points or more underwent a spirography with bronchodilatation test, using 400 mcg of salbutamol and were interrogated by the modified questionnaire of short breath by the medical research council (MRC) and test of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease estimation (COPD) (TEC). There were examined 136 patients, mean age (51,5±0,8), men were 81(59,5 %) mean age (52,2±1,1) and women – 55(40,4 %) mean age (50,7±0,9). There were analyzed 56 medical stories of patients, treated at therapeutic departments of the city clinic because of internal organs diseases with the concomitant diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Among persons with first revealed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease у 21 (26,6 %) was reveled І severity degree according to GOLD, in 26 persons (32,9 %) – GOLD ІІ, in 28 (35,4 %) – GOLD ІІІ, in 4 (5,1 %) – GOLD ІV severity degree, so 32 patients did not receive basic treatment at all. At the same time among patients with COPD diagnosis in medical documentation only in 38,4 % this diagnosis was spirographically verified, the hyperdiagnostics of disease on the base of complaints and age characteristic took place in other cases.

Covid-19 and COPD: A tale of the two largest populous countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Airflow Obstruction ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
China And India ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Copd Mortality

On 16 May 2020, China and India reached to a common stage where the number of Covid-19 patients was found to be almost equal, with different death counts caused by Covid-19. The severity of Covid-19 was analyzed in these countries and compared with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD is a respiratory disease characterized by airflow obstruction that is mostly constrained to developing countries. Covid-19 and COPD data were taken from World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland open databases. The mortality rate of Covid-19 was found higher in China than India. COPD mortality rate and death counts were almost equal in both countries. COPD mortality rate and death counts were higher than Covid-19 mortality in China and India. The average monthly deaths caused by COPD in China and India were found to be 16 and 24 times higher than the total deaths caused by Covid-19 until 16 May 2020, respectively. The result showed that COPD was more severe than Covid-19 and needed more attention and due importance.

Palliative care needs assessment tools

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afaf Girgis ◽  
Amy Waller
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Needs Assessment ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Right

The delivery of appropriate and equitable care is a challenge facing many areas of health care, including palliative care. This chapter discusses the concept of needs assessment, which is inherent in the World Health Organization definition of palliative care, and considers strategies for assessing people’s needs and experiences, with a focus on the tools developed specifically for this purpose (including generic needs assessment tools for patients with any chronic disease, and needs assessment tools for patients with advanced cancer, dementia, heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or HIV/AIDS. It reiterates the importance of needs assessment tools being implemented as part of routine care to facilitate the right care being offered to people at the time they most need it, by the people or service which is most appropriate to meet identified needs.

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