scholarly journals Screening of the Dichloromethane: Methanolic Extract of Centella asiatica for Antibacterial Activities against Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Shigella sonnei, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Berick Moturi Sieberi ◽  
George Isanda Omwenga ◽  
Rachael Kitondo Wambua ◽  
Judith Chemutai Samoei ◽  
Mathew Piero Ngugi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Time Kill

Bacterial infections are responsible for a large number of deaths every year worldwide. On average, 80% of the African population cannot afford conventional drugs. Moreover, many synthetic antibiotics are associated with side effects and progressive increase in antimicrobial resistance. Currently, there is growing interest in discovering new antibacterial agents from ethnomedicinal plants. About 60% of the population living in developing countries depends on herbal drugs for healthcare needs. This study involved the screening of Centella asiatica commonly used by herbal medicine practitioners in Kisii County to treat symptoms related to bacterial infections. Standard bioassay methods were applied throughout the study. They included preliminary screening of dichloromethane: methanolic extract of Centella asiatica against human pathogenic bacteria including Salmonella typhi ATCC 19430, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Shigella sonnei ATCC 25931, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 21332, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 using agar disc diffusion, broth microdilution method, and time-kill kinetics with tetracycline as a positive control. Phytochemical screening was carried out to determine the different classes of compounds in the crude extracts. Data were analyzed using one way ANOVA and means separated by Tukey’s test. Dichloromethane: methanolic extract of Centella asiatica was screened against the selected bacterial strains. Time-kill kinetic studies of the extracts showed dose- and time-dependent kinetics of antibacterial properties. Phytochemical screening of the DCM-MeOH extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, saponins, steroids, and tannins. The present study indicates that the tested plant can be an important source of antibacterial agents and recommends that the active phytoconstituents be isolated, identified, and screened individually for activities and also subjected further for in vivo and toxicological studies.

Synthesis of New Piperazine Substituted Chalcone Sulphonamides as Antibacterial Agents

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-143
Author(s):  
Yan-Ling Tang ◽  
Yong-Kun Li ◽  
Min-Xin Li ◽  
Hui Gao ◽  
Xiao-Bi Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Good Antibacterial Activity ◽  
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Global Threat

Background: Infection is a global threat to human health, and there is an urgent need to develop new effective antibacterial drugs to treat bacterial infections. Objective: To study the antibacterial activity of piperazine substituted chalcone sulphonamides. Materials and Methods: A series of novel piperazine substituted chalcone sulphonamides have been prepared, and in vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli strains were evaluated. Results: The results showed that derivatives 6a, 6c and 6h displayed good antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis with MIC values of 4.0-8.0 mg/mL. Conclusion: Piperazine substituted chalcone sulphonamides may be used as potential antibacterial agents.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Euphorbia helioscopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. WAHEED ◽  
S.K. MUHAMMAD ◽  
A. SHOMAILA ◽  
Z. MUHAMMAD ◽  
U. IZHAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Fungal Strain ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition

ABSTRACT: Medicinal Plants have been used throughout the world by human beings as a drug and remedies for various diseases since time immemorial. A study was planned to count into the antimicrobial activity and phytochemical screening of Euphorbia helioscopia. The plants were gathered and tested against some standard strains and some human pathogenic microorganisms i.e Escherichia coli, Bacillus Subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and three fungal strain Trichoderma, R hizopus nigricans, Aspergillus niger. The concentrations of extracting samples (500 and 1,000 mg mL-1) were used against pathogens. Ciprofloxacin was used as positive control in case of bacterial strains and Colfrimazol was used against the fungal strain while dimethyl sulfoxide as negative control. The outcomes indicated that the positive wells potency of Water extract had a 36 mm diameter of zone of inhibition against Escherichia coli and ethanol extract at 1,000 mg mL-1 had maximum (34 mm) zone of inhibition against Bacillus subtilus (36 mm) zone of inhibition against Klebsiella pneumonia and 33 mm of zone of inhibition against Trichoderma harzianum. Likewise, water extract at a concentration of 1,000 mg mL-1 resulted highest value of zone of inhibition (36 mm) against Staphylococcus aureus, a zone of inhibition ( mm) against Salmonella typhi, 36 mm zone of inhibition against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, (32 mm) zone of inhibition against Rhizopus nigricans, a 34 mm zone of inhibition against Acremonium and (34 mm) zone of inhibition against Aspergillus niger. The most susceptible bacteria were K. pneumonia and Bacillus subtilis, while E. coli was the most resistant bacteria and showed zone of inhibition. The ethanolic extract had tannins, lipid, total proteins, carbohydrates, flavonoids, Alkaloid and polyphenolics.

scholarly journals Uji Aktivitas Antimikroba Ekstrak n-Butanol Madu Hutan (Apis nigrocincta) dari Kabupaten Selayar dengan Metode KLT-Bioautografi

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
A.Suparlan Isya Syamsu
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Butanol Extract ◽  
Apis Nigrocincta ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Preliminary research has been conducted on the antimicrobial activity of n-Butanol extract of forest honey (Apis nigrocincta). This study aims to determine the antimicrobial activity of forest honey from Selayar Regency on the growth of test microbes, using the method of solid dilution with the test microbial Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Vibrio sp, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Candida albicans against n-butanol extract from forest honey (Apis nigrocincta) at 1 mg/ml. The results obtained showed that n-butanol extract inhibited the growth of bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus aureus. To estimate the compounds that provide antimicrobial activity, the TLC-Bioautography test is performed. Obtained the best results from the separation of compounds by TLC using Chlorophorom eluate: Acetone (3: 1). The TLC-Bioautographic test results showed that the spots with an Rf value of 0.29 gave activity to Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus epidermidis, and gave positive results on the appearance of flavonoid compounds.

scholarly journals Antioxidant, Phytotoxic and Antimicrobial Activities of Methanolic Extract of Bauhinia variegata Barks

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaga Raj Sharma ◽  
Surya Kant Kalauni ◽  
Suresh Awale
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Bauhinia Variegata

Bauhinia variegata is well-known medicinal plant used from the ancient era to till date for their medicinal values. The methanolic extract of Bauhinia variegata barks was screened for phytochemical constituents, antioxidant, phytotoxic and microbial activity. The microbial activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi at different concentration of 10, 15 and 20 mg/mL by agar well diffusion method. The plant extract showed the potent antimicrobial activity against the Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Bacillus subtilic and Escherichia coli with zone of inhibition 14 mm, 12mm, 14mm and 11mm respectively. Phytochemical analysis of the extract revealed that the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the plant materials is due to the presence of active secondary metabolites. In DPPH free radical scavenging assay the IC50 value of Bauhinia variegata was found to be 6.48±0.08 ?g/mL, while the IC50 value of the reference standard ascorbic acid was 45.93?g/mL. The extract of Bauhinia variegata, contains high value of phenolic (156.30±0.3 mg GAE/gm) and flavonoid (16.04±1.4 mg QE/gm) content exhibited the high antioxidant activity. The in-vitro phytotoxic bioassay showed 65%, 40%, and 25% growth regulation at just higher conc. of 1000, 100 and 10 ?g/mL with number of fronds 07, 12 and 15 respectively with respect to standard drug Paraquat of concentration 0.015?g/mL.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2015, 20(2): 37-41

Ferrocene-Based Antibacterial Agents: Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Evaluation of Metal (II) Complexes with Glycine-Derived Compounds

2011 ◽  
Vol 339 ◽  
pp. 317-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Ting Liu ◽  
Xiao Ming Sun ◽  
Da Wei Yin
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

A series of Ferrocene Schiff bases derived from glycine and their cobalt (II), copper (II), nickel (II), and zinc (II) metal complexes have been synthesized and characterized by IR, 1H NMR, MS and elemental analysis, the results conformed well with expected structures. The synthesized ligands, along with their metal (II) complexes, were screened in vitro for their antibacterial activity against three Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella typhi) and two Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) bacterial strains. The results showed that the metal (II) complexes are more potent in antibacterial activity against one or more species in comparison with those of uncomplexed ligands.

scholarly journals GC-MS Analysis and Antimicrobial Spectrum of Stem Bark Extracts of Ficus sycomorus

2020 ◽  
pp. 118-128
Author(s):  
Yunusa Saheed ◽  
Mustapha Usman Nasir ◽  
Baballe Abbas ◽  
Rabi Yakubu Bello
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Antimicrobial Spectrum ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Ficus Sycomorus

Aim: This work investigated the gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy of methanolic extract and antimicrobial spectrum of acetone and aqueous crude extracts of Ficus sycomorus stem bark. Place and Duration of the Study: Department chemistry research laboratory and microbiology laboratory, Yobe State University, Damaturu between April 2019 and August, 2019. Methodology: Pure isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Shigella dysentariae, proteus spp, Pseudomonas auruginosa, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumonia and a fungi, Candida albicans were collected from National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI), Vom, Plateau State. The plant was collected and the extract was used in preliminary phytochemical screening, GC-MS analysis and reconstituted for antimicrobial activities testing. Results: The preliminary phytochemical screening revealed presence of saponin, flavonoids, alkaloids, carbohydrates, cardiac glycoside and tannin. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of heterocyclic members of pyrazole, imidazole, triazole, thiazole and 1, 3-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis (2-hethylhexyl) ester. Acetone extract showed the greatest antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis and Shigella spp while the aqueous extract produced antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia and Candida albicans. Both acetone and aqueous extracts of both stem bark extracts did not exhibit any activity against Escherichia coli. All the extracts were tested at 100mg/ml concentration. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) (125 – 250 mg/ml) of both extracts were higher than those of ciprofloxacin (5.0 mg/ml). Conclusion: There is scientific basis for the uses of F. sycomorus in traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases as prescribed earlier on and stronger basis for recommendation for its cautious use for the presence of 2-ethylhexyl which could be Carcinogenic. This is first study to identify 2-ethylhexyl from F. sycomorus stem bark extract and recommend cautious use.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Evaluation and Antibacterial Activity of Fruit Extract of Solanum surattense Burm F. against Some Pathogenic Bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-87
Author(s):  
R Dhanalakshmi ◽  
J JaffarIqbal ◽  
Nausath Jabeen K ◽  
Noorul Zaithun Hidhaya M ◽  
K Meena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Solanum Surattense

The objective of this study was to evaluate phytochemical constituents and antibacterial activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Solanum surattense fruit against some grampositive and gram-negative bacterial strains. The evaluation of antibacterial activity was carried out by using the disc diffusion method, determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Ciprofloxacin was used as positive control. Hydroalcoholic extract of Solanum surattense fruit containing alkaloids, flavonoids, phenol, saponins, terpenoids, glycosides, sterols, proteins and tannins. Efficacy data analysis showed that hydroalcoholic extracts of fruit of Solanum surattense (1 mg/ml) inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi with mean diameters of inhibition zones being 24, 25, 28 and 30 mm respectively. On the other hand, minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration value of 0.062 and 0.25 mg/ml, 0.062 and 0.25 mg/ml, 0.312 and 0.125 mg/ml, 0.156 and 0.0312 mg/ml were recorded against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi respectively. Hydroalcoholic extracts of Solanum surattense fruit have potent antibacterial activity against the different tested bacterial strains. This activity supports their use in treatment of infections caused by such resistant bacteria.

Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Bis-Acetylferrocene Schiff Base

2011 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 1875-1878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Ting Liu ◽  
Hai Long Guo ◽  
Da Wei Yin
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Three bis-acetylferrocene schiff bases have been synthesized and characterized by IR, 1H NMR, and elemental analysis, the results conformed well with expected structures. The synthesized compounds were screened in vitro for their antimicrobial activity against three Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella typhi) and two Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) bacterial strains. The results showed that these compounds are show excellent antimicrobia activities against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi ,Bacillus subtilis,Staphylococcus aureus.

scholarly journals DAYA ANTIMIKROBA EKSTRAK Lecythophora sp., ENDOFIT YANG DIISOLASI DARI Alyxia reinwardtii

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Noor Erma Sugijanto ◽  
H. Putra ◽  
F. Pritayuni ◽  
N. Albathaty ◽  
Noor Cholies Zaini
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Streptomycin Sulphate ◽  
Agar Dilution ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

The antimicrobial potential of two endophytic fungi isolated from Alyxia reinwardtii BL, towards selected bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Bacillus subtilis FNCC 0059, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Salmonella typhi) and fungi (Candida albicans) was tested using ethyl acetate, n-hexane and n-buthanol extracts of fungi cultivated under malt extract liquid fermentation. The extracts were evaluated for its antimicrobial activity by disc diffusion method followed its MIC by agar dilution. Bioautography assay for activity-directed fractionation were also conducted against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. Streptomycin sulphate and myconazole used as reference standards. Lecythophora sp. strain 30.1 and 30.5 have broad spectrum antimicrobial activity and a potential source of new classes of antibiotics that could be useful for medicines and biological control agents.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and Antibacteria/ Antifungi Activities of Root and Shoot Extracts of Euphorbia hirta (Asthma Weed)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
L. A. Adjeroh ◽  
M. O. Nwachukwu ◽  
P. N. Abara ◽  
J. C. Nnokwe ◽  
J. N. Azorji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Euphorbia Hirta

Medicinal plants, also called herbal medicine, have been used in traditional medicine practices since prehistoric times. The phytochemical screening of root and shoot extracts of Euphorbia hirta plant commonly known as asthma weed was evaluated using soxhlet and aqueous extract as a solvent to determine the active components. Maceration method was used in extracting the active properties/component. Phytochemical screening of root and shoot extracts revealed presences of saponins, anthranoid anthroqunione, phenol, alkaloid, tannins, phylobatannins and cardiac glycoside. Antibacterial screening of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli and Streptococcus pyogenes, using disk diffusion method, showed that in both the aqueous root and shoot extract Streptococcus pyogenes has the highest zone of inhibition of 120 mg with 12mm while least is Escherichia coli that had no inhibition at all. The aqueous extract the root and shoot were more active than the soxhlet solution. Using the aqueous shoot extracts, Streptococcus at 120 mg with 12mm zone of inhibition of Staphylococcus at 90 mg with 9mm. While in the aqueous root extract, Staphylococcus aureus at 100 mg with 10mm, Streptococcus pyogenes at 90 mg with 9m and Salmonella typhi at 80mm with 8mm. Antifungal screening with clinical isolate of candida albicans had highest zone of inhibition 130 mg with 13mm at root aqueous extract while penicillium spp, Aspergillus, spp and Microsporium spp showed no zones of inhibition at both root and shoot extracts. The results obtained suggested that Euphorbia hirta plant can be used in the treatment of ailments caused by the test microorganisms, with particular attention being paid to its aqueous extract.

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