scholarly journals Music Distraction among Young Drivers: Analysis by Gender and Experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Catalina ◽  
Susana García-Herrero ◽  
Elvira Cabrerizo ◽  
Sixto Herrera ◽  
Santiago García-Pineda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Networks ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Driving Simulation ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Young Drivers ◽  
Driving Speed ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Experienced Male ◽  
Experienced Female

The aim of this study was to quantify the probability of committing a speed infraction by young drivers and to investigate to what extent listening music could affect young drivers’ emotions as well as their driving performances at the wheel. To achieve this aim, employing Bayesian networks, the study analysed different music styles, in which they resulted in sample drivers’ speed infractions. Gender and drivers’ experiences at the wheel were the other factors, which were taken into account when interpreting the study results. Variables taken into account in this study included type of music whilst driving, gender of drivers, and drivers’ driving experiences. These variables further incorporated into the study of other telemetric variables including acceleration, number of revolutions per minute (RPM) of the engine, brake, traffic, and other types of infractions other than speed, which were considered as dependent variables. A driving simulator was used, and different driving simulation studies were carried out with young people aged between 20 and 28 years. Each participant carried out three simulations by listening to different type of music in each journey. The study defined a conceptual model in which the data were analysed and evaluated mathematically through Bayesian networks. A sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the influence of music on driving speed. Based on the different variables, the study further analysed the probability of speed infractions committed by drivers and their adequate speed. The range of frequency probabilities varied between 96.32% (which corresponds to experienced male drivers who do not listen to music) and 79.38% (which corresponds to less-experienced female drivers who listen to music), which resulted in their happiness or aggression.

scholarly journals Effect of Road Markings and Traffic Signs Presence on Young Driver Stress Level, Eye Movement and Behaviour in Night-Time Conditions: A Driving Simulator Study

Safety ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darko Babić ◽  
Dario Babić ◽  
Hrvoje Cajner ◽  
Ana Sruk ◽  
Mario Fiolić
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Lateral Position ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Traffic Signs ◽  
Young Drivers ◽  
Driving Speed ◽  
Dependent Samples

The study investigates how the presence of traffic signalling elements (road markings and traffic signs) affects the behaviour of young drivers in night-time conditions. Statistics show that young drivers (≤30 years old) are often involved in road accidents, especially those that occur in night-time conditions. Among other factors, this is due to lack of experience, overestimation of their ability or the desire to prove themselves. A driving simulator scenario was developed for the purpose of the research and 32 young drivers took two runs using it: (a) one containing no road markings and traffic signs and (b) one containing road markings and traffic signs. In addition to the driving simulator, eye tracking glasses were used to track eye movement and an electrocardiograph was used to monitor the heart rate and to determine the level of stress during the runs. The results show statistically significant differences (dependent samples t-test) between the two runs concerning driving speed, lateral position of the vehicle, and visual scanning of the environment. The results prove that road markings and traffic signs provide the drivers with timely and relevant information related to the upcoming situation, thus enabling them to adjust their driving accordingly. The results are valuable to road authorities and provide an explicit confirmation of the importance of traffic signalling for the behaviour of young drivers in night-time conditions, and thus for the overall traffic safety.

A DRIVING SIMULATION STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT WINE TYPES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF YOUNG DRIVERS

2021 ◽  
pp. 108847
Author(s):  
M. Bassani ◽  
P. Passalacqua ◽  
L. Catani ◽  
G. Bruno ◽  
A. Spoto
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Study ◽  
Driving Simulation ◽  
Young Drivers

RETRACTED: Impact of Information Bandwidth of In-Vehicle Technologies on Young Drivers’ Attention Maintenance Performance: A Driving Simulator Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 1639-1643
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Young Drivers ◽  
Simulator Study ◽  
Vehicle Technologies ◽  
Maintenance Performance

This proceedings paper was inadvertently published after the authors notified the journal of their desire to withdraw the paper from the conference. The paper was not actually presented at the conference. This retraction is being issued at the authors’ request. The Journal, Human Factors, and SAGE apologize to the authors and readers for the inadvertent publication.

scholarly journals How price moderates assessments of coffee quality across profiles of gender and experience

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
D. Priilaid ◽  
B. Horwitz
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Ols Regression ◽  
Price Effects ◽  
Experienced Male ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experienced Female ◽  
Method Show ◽  
Overlapping Bands

Proceeding from studies that identify the extrinsic price cue as a mediator between a product’s perceived and intrinsic merit, we report on a blind-versus-sighted coffee tasting experiment conducted to determine the impact of the price-cue across coffee-user categories of gender and relative experience. Seven instant coffees were tasted by 100 subjects producing 700 paired blind and sighted tastings. Aggregating the data, OLS regression models were run to estimate price-effects across discrete and overlapping bands of gender and self-confessed expertise (non-expert and expert). Our analysis reveals the extent to which price-effects demean a coffee’s intrinsic merit during sighted tastings, with experienced male coffee drinkers most especially susceptible to price persuasion, and less experienced female drinkers the least. Thus our paper introduces a cheap and affective means of testing for such cue-effects. Neuromarketing styles of testing are usually cumbersome, expensive and difficult to scale. The method show-cased here offers a meaningful alternative. These findings uphold the view that the price cue remains a critical tool in the marketing of coffee; most notably because of its potential cost-free contribution to the ramping of experienced pleasure without any augmentation of quality. Further implications are explored.

Safety Impact of Weaving Distance on Freeway Facilities with Managed Lanes using Both Microscopic Traffic and Driving Simulations

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (39) ◽  
pp. 130-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Cai ◽  
Moatz Saad ◽  
Mohamed Abdel-Aty ◽  
Jinghui Yuan ◽  
Jaeyoung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Lane Change ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Managed Lanes

With the challenges of increasing traffic congestion, the concept of managed lanes (MLs) has been gaining popularity recently as a means to effectively improve traffic mobility. MLs are usually designed to be left-lane concurrent with an at-grade access/exit. Such a design forms weaving segments since it requires vehicles to change multiple general purpose lanes (GPLs) to enter or exit the ML. The weaving segments could have a negative impact on traffic safety in the GPLs. This study provides a comprehensive investigation of the safety impact of different lengths for each lane change maneuver on GPL weaving segments close to the ingress and egress of MLs through two simulation approaches: VISSIM microsimulation and driving simulator. The two simulation studies are developed based on traffic data collected from freeway I-95 in Miami, Florida. The results from the two simulation studies support each other. Based on the two simulation studies, it is recommended that 1,000 feet be used as the optimal length for per lane change at the GPLs weaving segments with MLs. The safety impact of traffic volume, variable speed limit control strategies, and drivers’ gender and age characteristics are also explored. This study can provide valuable insight for evaluating the traffic performance of freeway weaving segments with the presence of concurrent GPLs and MLs in a highway safety context. It also provides guidelines for future conversion of freeways to include MLs.

Visual, Perceptual, and Cognitive Measures as Predictors of Collision Detection in Older Drivers

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 1018-1022
Author(s):  
Christina L. James ◽  
Kathryn Wochinger ◽  
W. Spencer James ◽  
Deborah Boehm-Davis
Keyword(s):  
Collision Detection ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cognitive Measures ◽  
Error Type ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Dependent Variables

This experiment examined whether visual, perceptual, or cognitive measures predicted the ability to detect vehicle collisions in intersections. Sixty subjects, comprised of three age groups balanced by gender, were presented dynamic intersection approaches in a part-task driving simulator. The subjects were asked to project the forward progress of crossing traffic and to indicate whether any of the crossing vehicles would conflict with their vehicle. Independent variables included visual, perceptual, and cognitive test batteries. Dependent variables included accuracy in collision detection and error type. Results showed that all three batteries predicted accuracy, but that the perceptual battery was the most predictive for each age group.

Simulator sickness during driving simulation studies

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 788-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnell O. Brooks ◽  
Richard R. Goodenough ◽  
Matthew C. Crisler ◽  
Nathan D. Klein ◽  
Rebecca L. Alley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Driving Simulation ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Simulator Sickness

scholarly journals Improved Road Safety at Work Zones using Advanced Traveler Information Systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Suhail Almallah ◽  
Qinaat Hussain ◽  
Wael K. M Alhajyaseen ◽  
Tom Brijs
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Work Zone ◽  
Speed Limit ◽  
Work Zones ◽  
Treatment Scenario ◽  
Lane Changing ◽  
Variable Message Signs ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Message Signs

Work zones are road sections where road construction or maintenance activities take place. These work zones usually have different alignment and furniture than the original road and thus temporary lower speeds are adopted at these locations. However, drivers usually face difficulty in adopting the new speed limit and maneuvering safely due to the change in alignment. Therefore, work zones are commonly considered as hazardous locations with higher crash rates and severities as reported in the literature. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of a variable message signs (VMSs) based system for work zone advance warning area. The proposed system aims at enhancing driver adaptation of the reduced speed limit, encourage early lane changing maneuvers and improve the cooperative driving behavior in the pre-work zone road section. The study was conducted using a driving simulator at the College of Engineering of Qatar University. Seventy volunteers holding a valid Qatari passenger car driving license participated in this study. In the simulator experiment, we have two scenarios (control and treatment). The control scenario was designed based on the Qatar Work Zone Traffic Management Guide (QWZTMG), where the length of the advance warning area is 1000 m. Meanwhile, the treatment scenario contains six newly designed variable message signs where two of them were animation-based. The VMSs were placed at the same locations of the static signs in the control scenario. Both scenarios were tested for two situations. In the first situation, the participants were asked to drive on the left lane while in the second situation, they were instructed to drive on the second lane. The study results showed that the proposed system was effective in motivating drivers to reduce their traveling speed in advance. Compared to the control scenario, drivers’ mean speed was significantly 6.3 and 11.1 kph lower in the VMS scenario in the first and second situations, respectively. Furthermore, the VMS scenario encouraged early lane changing maneuvers. In the VMS scenario, drivers changed their lanes in advance by 150 m compared to the control scenario. In addition, the proposed system was effective in motivating drivers to keep larger headways with the frontal merging vehicle. Taking into account the results from this study, we recommend the proposed VMS based system as a potentially effective treatment to improve traffic safety at work zones.

scholarly journals Effects of communicating uncertainty descriptions in hazard identification, risk characterization, and risk protection

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0253762
Author(s):  
Peter Wiedemann ◽  
Franziska U. Boerner ◽  
Frederik Freudenstein
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Identification ◽  
Qualitative Description ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Exposure Limit ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Qualitative Uncertainty ◽  
Risk Protection ◽  
Uncertainty Information

Uncertainty is a crucial issue for any risk assessment. Consequently, it also poses crucial challenges for risk communications. Many guidebooks advise reporting uncertainties in risk assessments, expecting that the audience will appreciate this disclosure. However, the empirical evidence about the effects of uncertainty reporting is sparse and inconclusive. Therefore, based on examples of potential health risks of electromagnetic fields (EMF), three experiments were conducted analysing the effects of communicating uncertainties separately for hazard identification, risk characterisation and risk protection. The setups aimed to explore how reporting and how explaining of uncertainty affects dependent variables such as risk perception, perceived competence of the risk assessors, and trust in risk management. Each of the three experiments used a 2x2 design with a first factor presenting uncertainty descriptions (as used in public controversies on EMF related health effects) or describing a certainty conditions; and a second factor explaining the causes of uncertainties (by pointing at knowledge gaps) or not explaining them. The study results indicate that qualitative uncertainty descriptions regarding hazard identification reduce the confidence in the professional competencies of the assessors. In contrast, a quantitative uncertainty description in risk characterisation–regarding the magnitude of the risk–does not affect any of the dependent variables. Concerning risk protection, trust in exposure limit values is not affected by qualitative uncertainty information. However, the qualitative description of uncertainty regarding the adequacy of protection amplifies fears. Furthermore, explaining this uncertainty results in lower text understandability.

Minding the Gap: Effects of an Attention Maintenance Training Program on Driver Calibration

2020 ◽  
pp. 001872082096529
Author(s):  
James Unverricht ◽  
Yusuke Yamani ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
William J. Horrey
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Driver Training ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Young Drivers ◽  
Maintenance Behaviors ◽  
Target Skills

Objective The present study examines the effect of an existing driver training program, FOrward Concentration and Attention Learning (FOCAL) on young drivers’ calibration, drivers’ ability to estimate the length of their in-vehicle glances while driving, using two different measures, normalized difference scores and Brier Scores. Background Young drivers are poor at maintaining attention to the forward roadway while driving a vehicle. Additionally, drivers may overestimate their attention maintenance abilities. Driver training programs such as FOCAL may train target skills such as attention maintenance but also might serve as a promising way to reduce errors in drivers’ calibration of their self-perceived attention maintenance behaviors in comparison to their actual performance. Method Thirty-six participants completed either FOCAL or a Placebo training program, immediately followed by driving simulator evaluations of their attention maintenance performance. In the evaluation drive, participants navigated four driving simulator scenarios during which their eyes were tracked. In each scenario, participants performed a map task on a tablet simulating an in-vehicle infotainment system. Results FOCAL-trained drivers maintained their attention to the forward roadway more and reported better calibration using the normalized difference measure than Placebo-trained drivers. However, the Brier scores did not distinguish the two groups on their calibration. Conclusion The study implies that FOCAL has the potential to improve not only attention maintenance skills but also calibration of the skills for young drivers. Application Driver training programs may be designed to train not only targeted higher cognitive skills but also driver calibration—both critical for driving safety in young drivers.

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