scholarly journals Altered Functional Integration in the Salience and Default Mode Networks in Euthymic Pediatric Bipolar Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Weifang Cao ◽  
Haoran Chen ◽  
Qing Jiao ◽  
Dong Cui ◽  
Yongxin Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Functional Integration ◽  
Angular Gyrus ◽  
Pediatric Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Connectivity Analysis ◽  
Functional Connectivity Density ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Functional Connectivity Analysis

Accumulating studies demonstrate emotional and cognitive dysregulation in the euthymic period of pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD). However, the relative contribution of functional integration in human brain to disturbed emotion and cognitive function in the euthymic PBD patients remains unclear. In this study, 16 euthymic PBD patients and 16 healthy controls underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. A data-driven functional connectivity analysis was used to investigate functional connectivity changes of the euthymic PBD. Compared with healthy controls, the euthymic PBD exhibited greater global functional connectivity density in the left anterior insula and lower global functional connectivity density in the right temporoparietal junction, the left angular gyrus, and the bilateral occipital lobule. A distant functional connectivity analysis demonstrated altered integration within the salience and default mode networks in euthymic PBD. Correlation analysis found that altered functional connectivity of the salience network was related to the reduced performance in the backward digit span test, and altered functional connectivity of the default mode network was related to the Young Mania Rating Scale in euthymic PBD patients. Our findings indicated that disturbed functional integration in salience and default mode networks might shed light on the physiopathology associated with emotional and cognitive dysregulation in PBD.

Examining resting-state functional connectivity in key hubs of the default mode network in chronic low back pain

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sin Ki Ng ◽  
Donna M. Urquhart ◽  
Paul B. Fitzgerald ◽  
Flavia M. Cicuttini ◽  
Melissa Kirkovski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Chronic Low Back Pain ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Angular Gyrus ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Default Mode

Abstract Objectives Changes in brain connectivity have been observed within the default mode network (DMN) in chronic low back pain (CLBP), however the extent of these disruptions and how they may be related to CLBP requires further examination. While studies using seed-based analysis have found disrupted functional connectivity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), a major hub of the DMN, limited studies have investigated other equally important hubs, such as the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) in CLBP. Methods This preliminary study comprised 12 individuals with CLBP and 12 healthy controls who completed a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan. The mPFC and PCC were used as seeds to assess functional connectivity. Results Both groups displayed similar patterns of DMN connectivity, however group comparisons showed that CLBP group had reduced connectivity between the PCC and angular gyrus compared to healthy controls. An exploratory analysis examined whether the alterations observed in mPFC and PCC connectivity were related to pain catastrophizing in CLBP, but no significant associations were observed. Conclusions These results may suggest alterations in the PCC are apparent in CLBP, however, the impact and functional role of these disruptions require further investigation.

scholarly journals Task modulation of spatiotemporal dynamics in semantic brain networks: an EEG/MEG study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Setareh Rahimi ◽  
Seyedeh-Rezvan Farahibozorg ◽  
Rebecca L Jackson ◽  
Olaf Hauk
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Response Selection ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Angular Gyrus ◽  
Connectivity Analysis ◽  
Semantic Task ◽  
Functional Connectivity Analysis

How does brain activity in distributed semantic brain networks evolve over time, and how do these regions interact to retrieve the meaning of words? We compared spatiotemporal brain dynamics between visual lexical and semantic decision tasks (LD and SD), analysing whole-cortex evoked responses and spectral functional connectivity (coherence) in source-estimated electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography (EEG and MEG) recordings. Our evoked analysis revealed generally larger activation for SD compared to LD, starting in primary visual area (PVA) and angular gyrus (AG), followed by left posterior temporal cortex (PTC) and left anterior temporal lobe (ATL). The earliest activation effects in ATL were significantly left-lateralised. Our functional connectivity results showed significant connectivity between left and right ATLs and PTC and right ATL in an early time window, as well as between left ATL and IFG in a later time window. The connectivity of AG was comparatively sparse. We quantified the limited spatial resolution of our source estimates via a leakage index for careful interpretation of our results. Our findings suggest that semantic task demands modulate visual and attentional processes early-on, followed by modulation of multimodal semantic information retrieval in ATLs and then control regions (PTC and IFG) in order to extract task-relevant semantic features for response selection. Whilst our evoked analysis suggests a dominance of left ATL for semantic processing, our functional connectivity analysis also revealed significant involvement of right ATL in the more demanding semantic task. Our findings demonstrate the complementarity of evoked and functional connectivity analysis, as well as the importance of dynamic information for both types of analyses.

scholarly journals Long-Term Effects of Musical Training and Functional Plasticity in Salience System

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Luo ◽  
Shipeng Tu ◽  
Yueheng Peng ◽  
Shan Gao ◽  
Jianfu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Musical Training ◽  
Functional Integration ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Connectivity Analysis ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Temporoparietal Junction ◽  
Functional Connectivity Analysis ◽  
Left Insula

Musicians undergoing long-term musical training show improved emotional and cognitive function, which suggests the presence of neuroplasticity. The structural and functional impacts of the human brain have been observed in musicians. In this study, we used data-driven functional connectivity analysis to map local and distant functional connectivity in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 28 professional musicians and 28 nonmusicians. Compared with nonmusicians, musicians exhibited significantly greater local functional connectivity density in 10 regions, including the bilateral dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, anterior insula, and anterior temporoparietal junction. A distant functional connectivity analysis demonstrated that most of these regions were included in salience system, which is associated with high-level cognitive control and fundamental attentional process. Additionally, musicians had significantly greater functional integration in this system, especially for connections to the left insula. Increased functional connectivity between the left insula and right temporoparietal junction may be a response to long-term musical training. Our findings indicate that the improvement of salience network is involved in musical training. The salience system may represent a new avenue for exploration regarding the underlying foundations of enhanced higher-level cognitive processes in musicians.

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