scholarly journals Naturally Occurring Microbiota in Dengue Vector Mosquito Breeding Habitats and Their Use as Diet Organisms by Developing Larvae in the Kandy District, Sri Lanka

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
H. A. K. Ranasinghe ◽  
L. D. Amarasinghe
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Food Limitation ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Dengue Vector ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Breeding Habitats ◽  
Vector Mosquito ◽  
Mosquito Breeding

Naturally occurring microbiota in mosquito larval habitats are among biotic factors which affect the population dynamics of developing larvae. Many microbiota species serve as food items for vector mosquito larvae, and food limitations within habitats adversely affect larval survival, developmental rate, adult fitness, and thereby vector competence. Therefore, identification of microbiota as associates with larvae reveals their relationship between each other as parasites, pathogens, epibionts, or diet organisms. Analysis of associated microbiota species in the dengue vector larval breeding habitats ( n = 40 ) and the mosquito larval gut content were conducted in Kandy District in Sri Lanka. Study revealed that a total of 22 microbiota species belong to nine phyla (Amoebozoa, Bacillariophyta, Ciliophora, Chlorophyta, Sarcodina, Cyanobacteria/Cyanophyta, Euglenozoa, Ochrophyta/Heterokontophyta, and Rotifera) were encountered from different Ae. aegypti mosquito breeding habitats while 26 microbiota species that belonged to ten phyla were recorded from Ae. albopictus mosquito breeding habitats with one additional phylum Arthropoda. Considering Ae. aegypti breeding habitats, only Philodina citrina in low roof gutters existed as constant species. Considering Aedes albopictus breeding habitats, Volvox aureus in plastic containers, Lecane luna in coconut shells, Phacus pleuronectes in concrete slabs, and Pinnularia sp. in tree holes existed as constant species. The rest of the microbiota existed as common or accidental/rare species in a variety of habitat types. The Shannon-Weiner diversity (21.01 and 19.36) and gamma diversity (eight and eight) of the microbiota associated with Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus larvae, respectively, in ponds were found to be higher than other types of breeding habitats recorded during the study. Twelve microbiota species were recorded from larval gut analysis as food organisms of both species of mosquito larvae. However, the distribution of gut microbiota species differed between Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus ( Chi − square = 21.294 , P = 0.002 ). Identification of microbiota as food items of vector mosquito larvae led to a focus on larval food limitation by introducing food competitors, which could be a potential additional tool for integrated vector control approaches within the country.

scholarly journals Naturally Occurring Microbiota Associated with Mosquito Breeding Habitats and Potential Parasitic Species against Mosquito Larvae: A Study from Gampaha District, Sri Lanka

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. K. Ranasinghe ◽  
L. D. Amarasinghe
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Lethal Effect ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Breeding Habitats ◽  
Mosquito Breeding

A mosquito species has its own favourable requirements of abiotic and biotic characteristics including microbiota, in a breeding habitat. Some of the microbiota may cause parasitic or pathogenic effects to mosquito larvae such as species of viruses, parasitic bacteria, fungi, protists, entomopathogenic nematodes, and filamentous fungi. In Sri Lanka, there is a scarcity of information on microbiota associated with mosquito breeding habitats and their effect on mosquito larvae. Hence, the present study was conducted to determine microbiota species/taxa associated with a variety of mosquito breeding habitats in selected areas of the Gampaha District in Sri Lanka and the relationship, if any, the microbiota has with mosquito larva survival and breeding. Forty-five microbiota species belonging to 11 phyla were found from different mosquito breeding habitats with the highest percentage belonging to phylum Euglenozoa (27.89%). Species that belonged to the phylum Amoebozoa (1.22%) and Sarcodina (1.17%) had the lowest abundance, and each of its species richness was recorded as one. Philodina citrina followed by Monostyla bulla comprised 30.8% and 16.59%, respectively, of the total rotifer population. From the total microbiota, 25-50% existed as accidental while less than 25% rare, in the habitat type according to their abundance. Paddy fields had the highest species richness (17), evenness (23.52), Shannon-Weiner (66.64), and beta diversity (0.65) over 50% indicating high heterogeneity in microbiota composition among the habitats. Ciliated protists, namely, Vorticella microstoma, Zoothamnium spp., and Chilodinella sp., were identified as naturally occurring microbiota associated with Culex mosquito larvae that inhabited in paddy fields and associated irrigation canals. Only Vorticella microstoma caused a significant lethal effect on mosquito larvae. This study revealed that species of Cx. gelidus, Cx. pseudovishnui, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Cx. quinquefasciatus, and Cx. whitmorei served as hosts for V. microstoma where infectivity rate in Cx. tritaeniorhynchus reached 73.22. Chilodinella sp. selectively served as endoparasitic to Cx. gelidus larvae causing only 4.58% mortality, and invasive cysts of the pathogen were observed in the subcuticular layer of the host body. Even though Zoothamnium spp. were found on Cx. tritaeniorhynchus larvae, there was no lethal effect due to the attachment of the parasitic agent. The potential of these microbiotas in integrated vector controlling approaches in future perspectives is recommended.

scholarly journals Naturally Occurring Microbiota Associated with Mosquito Breeding Habitats and Their Effects on Mosquito Larvae

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
H. A. K. Ranasinghe ◽  
L. D. Amarasinghe
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Larval Abundance ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Individual Fitness ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Breeding Habitats ◽  
Mosquito Breeding

Immature mosquitoes are aquatic, and their distribution, abundance, and individual fitness in a particular breeding habitat are known to be dependent on mainly three factors: biotic factors, abiotic factors, and their interaction between each other and with other associated taxa. Mosquito breeding habitats harbor a diversified naturally occurring microbiota assemblage, and the biota have different types of interactions with mosquito larvae in those habitats. Those interactions may include parasitism, pathogenism, predation, and competition which cause the mortality of larvae, natural reduction of larval abundance, or alterations in their growth. Many microbiota species serve as food items for mosquito larvae, and there are also some indigestible or toxic phytoplanktons to larvae. However, when there is coexistence or mutualism of different mosquito species along with associated microbiota, they form a community sharing the habitat requirements. With the available literature, it is evident that the abundance of mosquito larvae is related to the densities of associated microbiota and their composition in that particular breeding habitat. Potential antagonist microbiota which are naturally occurring in mosquito breeding habitats could be used in integrated vector control approaches, and this method rises as an ecofriendly approach in controlling larvae in natural habitats themselves. To date, this aspect has received less attention; only a limited number of species of microbiota inhabiting mosquito breeding habitats have been recorded, and detailed studies on microbiota assemblage in relation to diverse vector mosquito breeding habitats and their association with mosquito larvae are few. Therefore, future studies on this important ecological aspect are encouraged. Such studies may help to identify field characteristic agents that can serve as mosquito controlling candidates in their natural habitats themselves.

scholarly journals Diversity and Species Composition of Microbiota Associated with Mosquito Breeding Habitats: A Study from Kurunegala District in Sri Lanka

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. D. Amarasinghe ◽  
H. A. K. Ranasinghe
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Lethal Effect ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Breeding Habitats ◽  
Mosquito Breeding ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The Relationship

The pool of microbiota associated with mosquito breeding habitats varies with the habitat type and its characteristic features. The pool of microbiota in a given mosquito breeding habitat can include free living, symbiotic, noncompetitive, parasitic, predatory, and toxin producing species. However, in Sri Lanka the studies on the microbiota associated with mosquito breeding habitats are scarce. The present study was conducted to identify microbiota species/taxa associated with a variety of mosquito breeding habitats in selected areas of the Kurunegala district in Sri Lanka to determine the relationship, if any, the microbiota has with mosquito larvae breeding. A total of 44 microbiota species/taxa belonging to 10 phyla, namely, Bacillariophyta, Charophyta, Chlorophyta, Cyanobacteria/Cyanophyta, Ochrophyta/Heterokontophyta, Amoebozoa, Euglenozoa, Ciliophora, Arthropoda, and Rotifera were identified. Vorticella microstoma (Ciliophora) showed a constant occurrence frequency in rice field habitats occupied mainly by Culex tritaeniorhynchus while the rest of the species had an accidental or rare frequency of occurrence. Nineteen species/taxa were identified as common species. Trophont stages of Vorticella microstoma and Zoothamnium spp. were found attached to the cuticle of mosquito larvae but only V. microstoma caused a lethal effect. The autotrophic protist, Euglena geniculate, Closterium spp., and Pinnularia spp. served as the diet items to mosquito larvae. The majority of the microbiota identified had no observable effect on mosquito larvae breeding.

scholarly journals Surveillance for Dengue Vector Mosquito in Kurunegala District, Sri Lanka

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. e196-e197
Author(s):  
S.D.M. Sumanadasa ◽  
M. Hapugoda ◽  
I. Peiris ◽  
D. Perera ◽  
S. Bandara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Dengue Vector ◽  
Vector Mosquito

scholarly journals Larvicidal Effect of Vorticella microstoma (Ehrenberg, 1830) on Mosquito Larvae, and Morphological Changes under Induced Environmental Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Achini Koshila Ranasinghe ◽  
L. D. Amarasinghe
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Larvicidal Effect ◽  
Breeding Habitats ◽  
Mosquito Breeding ◽  
Tropical Weather ◽  
A Current

Development of microbiota assemblage usually occurs in all most all domestic and peridomestic mosquito breeding habitats. There may be parasitic, epibiont, pathogenic, or even predatory species among this biota, and to investigate their potential against the mosquito population is worth studying. This may contribute to formulating environmentally agreeable approaches in controlling mosquitoes which is a current need. Vorticella spp. is a peritrich ciliate, and its trophont stage has become epibiont to certain biota. Further, their existence in seasonal water bodies that dry off during drought in tropical weather conditions is not known. Therefore, the potential of the larvicidal effect of Vorticella microstoma on different species of mosquito larvae was studied. We found that V. microstoma causes the 100% death of the third instar larvae of Culex tritaeniorhynchus (Giles, 1901) within 48 h of exposure. In contrast to that, this species did not cause any mortality to Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894) and Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus in Hasselquist, 1762) mosquito larvae in repeated trials. The dynamics of polymorphism of V. microstoma was studied under induced environmental conditions. V. microstoma remained as trophont stage throughout at room temperature (25±2°C). When the temperature was reduced to 6°C, V. microstoma settled in the cyst stage. Evidently, V. microstoma is a good biocontrol agent of Culex species mosquito larvae, and they able to overcome drought periods in cyst forms. The findings of this study would be considered as the first step for a new avenue to work on environmentally agreeable manner in reducing the Culex spp. mosquito populations.

scholarly journals Distribusi dan Karakteristik Tempat Perkembangbiakan Aedes aegypti serta Perilaku Masyarakat di Daerah Endemis Demam Berdarah Dengue di Salatiga

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-92
Author(s):  
Riyani Setiyaningsih ◽  
Aryani Pujiyanti ◽  
M Choirul Hidajat ◽  
Lasmiati Lasmiati
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Vector ◽  
Community Behavior ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vector Mosquito ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Mosquito Breeding ◽  
Water Container ◽  
Breeding Place ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor ◽  
Dengue Vector Control

Human behavior in form of less awareness about the environment will cause the increase of mosquito breeding places and lead to increase the dengue vector’s population rising. This research’s purpose was to describe distribution and characteristics of the dengue vector’s breeding place and people behavior in dengue endemic areas in Salatiga. The data collection was done by monitoring larvae and pupa on water container and interviewing community about related behavior. Results showed that larvae tend to be found in water storage containers, household appliances and open unused goods which was located inside the house. Based on the analysis, there is no significant difference between the indoor and outdoor container, the container is closed or open, and sprinkled with temephos or not. Significant differences were found in different types of containers, containers with fish and drained in the last one week. People in DHF endemic area tend to conduct 3M (Menguras/drain and Menutup/close the lid of Water Reservoirs and Mengubur/bury unused container that have potential as breeding places) and do not use fish nor larvacide for dengue vector control. Based on the result of the research, it is necessary to evaluate the community behavior in closing container and also evaluate the resistance of DHF vector mosquito to temephos.

scholarly journals Diversities of mosquito species of different locations in Dhaka city

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-301
Author(s):  
MG Sharower ◽  
MA Latif
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
High Density ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Dengue Vector ◽  
Larval Habitats ◽  
Dengue Viruses ◽  
Breeding Habitats ◽  
Vector Mosquito

A yearlong (Jul-15 to June-16) intensive survey was conducted to document the diversity and density of different mosquito species, breeding habitats and their status at different park in Dhaka city. A total of 11 species of mosquito were identified from the six study areas. The recorded species were An. annularis, An. culicifacies, Ae. albopictus, Ae. aegypti, Ar. subalbatus, Cx. fuscocephala, Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Mn. annulifera, Mn. uniformis, Tx. splendidus. Aedes albopictus (38.18%) and Ar. subalbatus (37.47%) were the predominant mosquito species followed by Cx. quinquefasciatus. Others species were found in moderate percentage. Lowest density of Cx. fuscocephala (0.6%) was recorded among the collected mosquito species from the different study area. The highest percentages of mosquito were found in Botanical garden (28.68%) followed by Ramna park, Zia uddyan, Baldha garden, Suhrawardy uddyan, and Osmani uddyan (6.67%). Fifteen different larval habitats were found in the study areas. Majority of the mosquito species was found to breed in pond. High density of Ae. albopictus mosquito were found in all study areas, which is the secondary vector of dengue viruses. Principal dengue vector mosquito, Ae. aegypti were found only in Baldha garden. Ar. subalbatus was also a dominant mosquito species in the entire site.Progressive Agriculture 28 (4): 295-301, 2017

scholarly journals Pengetahuan dan Sikap Masyarakat dalam Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan Jentik Nyamuk Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) Di Jayaraga Garut

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-120
Author(s):  
Nina Sumarni ◽  
Udin Rosidin ◽  
Witdiawati Witdiawati
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Dengue Vector ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
The People ◽  
The Family ◽  
Mosquito Breeding

Abstract. Cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) are still a threat in Indonesia, especially entering the rainy season, the number of sufferers usually tends to increase, this occurs due to the proliferation of Aedes aegypti mosquito breeding breed. Prevention and eradication of dengue fever must be the responsibility of all communities. Efforts that can be done by the community are to be able to play an active role in monitoring mosquito larvae. This study aims to identify the knowledge and attitudes of the community in the prevention and eradication of dengue mosquito larvae. The head of the family in Jayaraga Garut, 103 kk, the amount of total populations, the study time was October 2018. Aspect Research Results Respondents' knowledge of participation in prevention and eradication of dengue vector still had 8 respondents whose knowledge was lacking. Attitude, there are still 9 responses whose attitude is not good. Participation in doing 3M most of the people of Jayaraga have prevented the breeding of the Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae even though there are still respondents who did nothing. The conclusion is that there are still some respondents whose knowledge, attitudes and actions are not good or not good.

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