scholarly journals Neonatal and Maternal Complications of Placenta Praevia and Its Risk Factors in Tikur Anbessa Specialized and Gandhi Memorial Hospitals: Unmatched Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ashete Adere ◽  
Abay Mulu ◽  
Fikremelekot Temesgen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Advanced Maternal Age ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Placenta Praevia ◽  
Maternal Complications ◽  
Control Study

Background. Placenta praevia is a disorder that happens during pregnancy when the placenta is abnormally placed in the lower uterine segment, which at times covers the cervix. The incidence of placenta praevia is 3-5 per 1000 pregnancies worldwide and is still rising because of increasing caesarean section rates. Objective. To assess and identify the risk factors and maternal and neonatal complications associated with placenta praevia. Method and Materials. Target populations for this study were all women diagnosed with placenta praevia transvaginally or transabdominally either during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy or intraoperatively in Tikur Anbessa Specialized and Gandhi Memorial Hospitals. The study design was unmatched case-control study. Data was carefully extracted from medical records, reviewed, and analyzed. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was performed using adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals. Results. Pregnancies complicated by placenta praevia were 303. Six neonatal deaths were recorded in this study. The magnitude of placenta praevia observed was 0.7%. Advanced maternal age (≥35) (AOR 6.3; 95% CI: 3.20, 12.51), multiparity (AOR 2.2; 95% CI: 1.46, 3.46), and previous history of caesarean section (AOR 2.7; 95% CI: 1.64, 4.58) had an increased odds of placenta praevia. Postpartum anemia (AOR 14.6; 95% CI: 6.48, 32.87) and blood transfusion 1-3 units (AOR 2.7; 95% CI: 1.10, 6.53) were major maternal complications associated with placenta praevia. Neonates born to women with placenta praevia were at increased risk of respiratory syndrome (AOR 4; 95% CI: 1.24, 13.85), IUGR (AOR 6.3; 95% CI: 1.79, 22.38), and preterm birth (AOR 8; 95% CI: 4.91, 12.90). Conclusion. Advanced maternal age, multiparity, and previous histories of caesarean section were significantly associated risk factors of placenta praevia. Adverse maternal outcomes associated with placenta praevia were postpartum anemia and the need for blood transfusion. Neonates born from placenta praevia women were also at risk of being born preterm, intrauterine growth restriction, and respiratory distress syndrome.

scholarly journals A Case Control Study Comparing Risk Factors for Ectopic Gestation in Unusual and Tubal Gestations

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Lakshmi Rathna Marakani ◽  
Sirisha Rao Gundabattula ◽  
Shashikala Dasari ◽  
Manjula Pochiraju ◽  
Kameswari Surampudi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Uterine Cavity ◽  
Advanced Maternal Age ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Ectopic Gestation ◽  
Beta Hcg ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Control Study

ABSTRACT Aim To compare risk factors for extratubal gestations with tubal gestations. Materials and methods Case control design with retrospective examination of an electronic database to identify ectopic gestations. Ectopic gestations were confirmed through ultrasound examination or serum beta hCG levels. We defined an ectopic gestation as implantation of pregnancy outside uterine cavity; tubal ectopic including implantation in the tube, isthmic, ampullary, or fimbrial and extratubal ectopic including implantation in the ovaries, cervix, abdomen, interstitia or cesarean scar. Results Ninety-one (1.1%, 95% CI: 0.9-1.3, 1 in 90 pregnancies) of 8,203 pregnancies during the study period were ectopic gestations including 69 (0.8%, 95% CI: 0.7-1.1, 1 in 120 pregnancies) tubal gestations and 22 (0.3%, 95% CI: 0.2-0.4, 1 in 372 pregnancies) gestations in extratubal locations. Extratubal ectopic gestations were more common in women with advanced maternal age (odds ratio: 7.4, 95% CI: 1.3, 43.9, p = 0.03) compared to women with tubal ectopic gestations. Conclusion Risk factors for extratubal gestation did not differ from risk factors for tubal gestations except for advanced maternal age. Pregnant women with advanced maternal age have to be additionally counseled on the increased risk for extratubal gestations. How to cite this article Pochiraju M, Surampudi K, Marakani LR, Dasari S, Gundabattula SR. A Case Control Study Comparing Risk Factors for Ectopic Gestation in Unusual and Tubal Gestations. Int J Infertility Fetal Med 2013;4(1):14-17.

scholarly journals Incidence, risk factors and perinatal outcomes for placenta accreta in Australia and New Zealand: a case–control study

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. e017713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia M Farquhar ◽  
Zhuoyang Li ◽  
Sarah Lensen ◽  
Claire McLintock ◽  
Wendy Pollock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Placenta Accreta ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Incidence Risk ◽  
Control Study

ObjectiveEstimate the incidence of placenta accreta and describe risk factors, clinical practice and perinatal outcomes.DesignCase–control study.SettingSites in Australia and New Zealand with at least 50 births per year.ParticipantsCases were women giving birth (≥20 weeks or fetus ≥400 g) who were diagnosed with placenta accreta by antenatal imaging, at operation or by pathology specimens between 2010 and 2012. Controls were two births immediately prior to a case. A total of 295 cases were included and 570 controls.MethodsData were collected using the Australasian Maternity Outcomes Surveillance System.Primary and secondary outcome measuresIncidence, risk factors (eg, prior caesarean section (CS), maternal age) and clinical outcomes of placenta accreta (eg CS, hysterectomy and death).ResultsThe incidence of placenta accreta was 44.2/100 000 women giving birth (95% CI 39.4 to 49.5); however, this may overestimated due to the case definition used. In primiparous women, an increased odds of placenta accreta was observed in older women (adjusted OR (AOR) women≥40 vs <30: 19.1, 95% CI 4.6 to 80.3) and current multiple birth (AOR: 6.1, 95% CI 1.1 to 34.1). In multiparous women, independent risk factors were prior CS (AOR ≥2 prior sections vs 0: 13.8, 95% CI 7.4 to 26.1) and current placenta praevia (AOR: 36.3, 95% CI 14.0 to 93.7). There were two maternal deaths (case fatality rate 0.7%).Women with placenta accreta were more likely to have a caesarean section (AOR: 4.6, 95% CI 2.7 to 7.6) to be admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU)/high dependency unit (AOR: 46.1, 95% CI 22.3 to 95.4) and to have a hysterectomy (AOR: 209.0, 95% CI 19.9 to 875.0). Babies born to women with placenta accreta were more likely to be preterm, be admitted to neonatal ICU and require resuscitation.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF RISK FACTORS AFFECTING ANASTOMOTIC LEAKAGE AFTER REPAIR OF ESOPHAGEAL ATRESIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahnam ASKARPOUR ◽  
Mehran PEYVASTEH ◽  
Hazhir JAVAHERIZADEH ◽  
Nasim ASKARI
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Anastomotic Leakage ◽  
Anastomotic Leak ◽  
Esophageal Atresia ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Anastomotic Leaks ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Control Study

Background: Anastomotic leak are reported among neonates who underwent esophageal atresia. Aim: To find risk factors of anastomotic leakage in patients underwent esophageal repair. Methods: All cases with esophageal atresia were included. In this case control study, patients were classified in two groups according to presence or absence of anastomotic leaks. Duration of study was 10 years. Results: Sixty-one cases were included. Mean±SD age at time of surgery in patients with leakage and without leakage was 9.50±7.25 and 8.83±6.93 respectively (p=.670). Blood transfusion and two layer anastomosis had significant correlation with anastomotic leakage. Conclusion: Blood transfusion and double layer anastomosis are associated with higher rate of anastomotic leakage.

scholarly journals Risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection. A case-control study of blood donors in the Trent Region (UK)

1994 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 595-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Neal ◽  
D. A. Jones ◽  
D. Killey ◽  
V. James
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

SUMMARYThe introduction of screening for hepatitis C virus (HCV) by the National Blood Transfusion Service identified donors who had acquired HCV infection. We undertook a case-control study amongst blood donors in the Trent Region to determine risks for HCV infection. A total of 74 blood donors confirmed positive for hepatitis C infection and 150 age, sex and donor venue matched controls were included in the study. Fifty-three percent of hepatitis C infected blood donors reported previous use of injected drugs compared to no controls; relative risk (RR) not estimatable (lower limit 95% CI = 20). Other risk factors were a history of: receipt of a blood transfusion or blood products RR = 3·6 (95% CI 1·5–8·3), having been a ‘health care worker’ RR = 2·8 (95% CI 1·1–7·6), tattooing RR = 3·3 (95% CI 1·2–8·7), and an association with having been born abroad RR = 3·2 (95% CI 1·1–9·5). No risk was shown for a history of multiple sexual partners, ear piercing or acupuncture. Injecting drug use explains more than 50% of hepatitis C infections in blood donors, a group who are less likely to have injected drugs than the general population.

scholarly journals Care-Related and Maternal Risk Factors Associated with the Antenatal Nondetection of Intrauterine Growth Restriction: A Case-Control Study from Bremen, Germany

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinja Alexandra Ernst ◽  
Tilman Brand ◽  
Anna Reeske ◽  
Jacob Spallek ◽  
Knud Petersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Maternal Risk Factors ◽  
Maternal Complications ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Antenatal Detection ◽  
Control Study

Objective. To identify care-related and maternal risk factors for the antenatal nondetection of IUGR.Methods. In this hospital-based case-control study we compared antenatally undetected IUGR neonates (cases) to detected IUGR neonates (controls). Data were collected using newborn documentation sheets and standardized personal interviews with the mothers. We calculated antenatal detection rates and used uni- and multivariable logistic regression models to assess the association of antenatal nondetection of IUGR and maternal and care-related factors.Results. A total of 161 neonates from three hospitals were included in the study. Suboptimal fetal growth was identified antenatally inn=77pregnancies while inn=84it was not detected antenatally (antenatal detection rate: 47.8%). Severity of IUGR, maternal complications, and a Doppler examination during the course of pregnancy were associated with IUGR detection. We did not find statistically significant differences regarding parental socioeconomic status and maternal migration background.Conclusions. In our study, about half of all pregnancies affected by suboptimal growth remained undetected. Future in-depth studies with larger study populations should further examine factors that could increase antenatal detection rates for IUGR.

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Meconium-Stained Amniotic Fluid in Term Pregnancy - A Case Control Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (13) ◽  
pp. 806-810
Author(s):  
Asha P.S ◽  
Sujatha T.L.
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Term Pregnancy ◽  
Meconium Stained Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Control Study

BACKGROUND Meconium stained amniotic fluid is a significant contributor to perinatal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. The study was conducted to determine the risk factors of meconium stained amniotic fluid in term pregnancy. METHODS This study is a prospective case control study done in a tertiary care hospital in South India over a period of one year. 100 women with meconium stained amniotic fluid detected at any time during the course of labour, prior to it or meconium detected in hind waters were enrolled in the study group. The inclusion criteria were term pregnancy, cephalic presentation and singleton pregnancy. 200 women who satisfied the same set of inclusion criteria with clear amniotic fluid, selected on random basis were taken as controls. A standardised pretested proforma was used for data collection. RESULTS In the study, incidence of grade 1, grade 2 and grade 3 meconium were 31 %, 42 % and 27 % respectively. 83 % of cases were in the 20 – 24 year age group and advanced maternal age was not a risk factor in the study. Primiparity (86 % cases vs. 47 % controls) and advanced gestational age (56 % cases and 33 % controls) were significant risk factors. Maternal obesity, socioeconomic status and treatment for infertility were not significant risk factors. Among medical disorders, gestational diabetes mellitus (21 % cases vs. 5 % controls), gestational hypertension (12 % vs. 3.5 %) and hypothyroidism (13 % cases vs. 4.5 % controls) showed statistical significance. Oligoamnios (9 % vs. 1 %), fetal growth restriction (13 % vs. 4.5 %) and maternal infection (12 % vs. 2 %) were significant risk factors. Induced labour and prolonged labour were the significant intrapartum risk factors. Caesarean section rates were nearly doubled in cases (40 %) compared to controls (21.5 %). Babies born to mothers with meconium stained amniotic fluid had low Apgar scores at birth (25 %) and increased neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission. CONCLUSIONS Meconium stained amniotic fluid is associated with increased rates of maternal morbidity due to higher rates of operative deliveries and increased incidence of perinatal asphyxia, perinatal morbidity and mortality. Meticulous antenatal care and early identification of risk factors help in reducing the incidence of meconium stained amniotic fluid and preventing adverse maternal and neonatal outcome. KEYWORDS Risk Factors, Meconium, Amniotic Fluid, Term Pregnancy, Caesarean Section, Perinatal Outcome

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Neonatal Sepsis: A Retrospective Case-Control Study among Neonates Who Were Delivered by Caesarean Section at the Trauma and Specialist Hospital, Winneba, Ghana

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Adatara ◽  
Agani Afaya ◽  
Solomon Mohammed Salia ◽  
Richard Adongo Afaya ◽  
Anthony K. Kuug ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Control Study

The third Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) for child health, which targets ending preventable deaths of neonates and children under five years of age by 2030, may not be met without substantial reduction of neonatal sepsis-specific mortality in developing countries. This study aimed at assessing the prevalence and risk factors for neonatal sepsis among neonates who were delivered via caesarean section. A retrospective case-control study was conducted among neonates who were delivered via caesarean section at the Trauma and Specialist Hospital, Winneba, Ghana. Data collection lasted for 4 weeks. The extracted data were double-entered using Epidata software version 3.1 to address discrepancies of data entry. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages of neonatal characteristics were generated from the data. Both univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to determine associations between neonatal sepsis and neonatal characteristics with odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals, and p values calculated using variables that showed significant association (p<0.05) in the chi-square analysis for the multivariate logistic regression. A total of 383 neonates were recruited; 67 (17.5%) had sepsis (cases). The neonatal risk factors associated with sepsis were birth weight (χ2=6.64, p=0.036), neonatal age (χ2=38.31, p<0.001), meconium passed (χ2=12.95, p<0.001), reason for CS (χ2=24.27, p<0.001), and the duration of stay on admission (χ2=36.69, p<0.001). Neonatal sepsis poses a serious threat to the survival of the newborn as the current study uncovered 6.0% deaths among sepsis cases. The findings of this study highlight the need for routine assessment of neonates in order to identify risk factors for neonatal sepsis and to curb the disease burden on neonatal mortality.

scholarly journals Maternal caesarean section infection (MACSI) in Sierra Leone: a case–control study

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Di Gennaro ◽  
C. Marotta ◽  
L. Pisani ◽  
N. Veronese ◽  
V. Pisani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Maternity Hospital ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Maternal Deaths ◽  
Low Education ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Sierra Leone is the country with highest maternal mortality and infections are the underlying cause in 11% of maternal deaths, but the real burden remains unknown. This study aims to determine the incidence and risk factors of surgical site infection (SSI) post-caesarean section (CS) in women admitted to Princess Christian Maternity Hospital (PCMH) in Freetown, Sierra Leone. A prospective case–control (1:3 ratio) study was implemented from 1 May 2018 to 30 April 2019 and 11 women presenting with suspected or confirmed infection post-CS were screened for inclusion as a case. For each case, three patients undergoing CS on the same day and admitted to the same ward, but not presenting with SSI, were selected as controls. The post-CS infection rate was 10.9%. Two hundred and fifty-four clinically confirmed cases were enrolled and matched with 762 control patients. By multivariable analysis, the risk factors for SSI were: being single (odds ratio (OR) 1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.36–1.66), low education level (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.55–1.84), previous CS (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.10–1.52), presenting with premature membranes rupture (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.18–1.88), a long decision–incision time (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.74–2.24) and a high missing post-CS antibiotic doses rate (OR 2.52, 95% CI 2.10–2.85).

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