scholarly journals Stable Colonization of Orally Administered Lactobacillus casei SY13 Alters the Gut Microbiota

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanchun Yue ◽  
Xiaoxi Xu ◽  
Baoyu Yang ◽  
Jing Lu ◽  
Shuwen Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Lactobacillus Casei ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Colonization Ability

The gut microbiota plays an important role in intestinal health. Probiotics such as Lactobacillus are known to regulate gut microbes and prevent diseases. However, most of them are unable to colonize their stability in hosts’ intestinal tracts. In this study, we investigated the ability of Lactobacillus casei SY13 (SY13) to colonize the intestinal tract of BALB/c mice, after its oral administration for a short-term (once for a day) and long-term (once daily for 27 days) duration. Furthermore, we also evaluated the influence of its administration on the gut microbial structure and diversity in mice. Male BALB/c mice were gavaged with 108 colony-forming units (CFU) of SY13, and TaqMan-MGB probe and Illumina MiSeq sequencing were performed to assess the colonization ability and bacterial community structure in the cecum contents. The results showed that long-term treatment with SY13 enhanced its ability to form a colony in the intestine tract in contrast to the short-term treatment group, whose colony was retained for only 3 days. Oral administration of SY13 also significantly enhanced the gut microbial diversity. Short-term treatment with SY13 (SSY13) elevated Firmicutes and diminished Bacteroidetes phyla compared with long-term treatment (LSY13) and controls. The findings laid the foundation for the study of probiotic colonization ability and improvement of microbiota for the prevention of gut diseases.

Fluvoxamine in the Treatment of Trichotillomania: An 8-Week, Open-Label Study

CNS Spectrums ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 64-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary A. Christenson ◽  
Scott J. Crow ◽  
James E. Mitchell ◽  
Thomas B. Mackenzie ◽  
Ross D. Crosby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Response ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Hair Pulling ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Open Label Study ◽  
Label Study ◽  
Long Term Treatment

AbstractThis short-term, open-label study investigates short- and long-term effects of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluvoxamine for the treatment of trichotillomania (TTM). Additionally, this study aimed to test the hypothesis that the presence of hair pulling compulsiveness is predictive of SSRI response. Nineteen subjects meeting the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition Revised, (DSM-III-R) criteria for TTM were treated with fluvoxamine at doses up to 300 mg/day. Random regression analysis of change across time for patients who completed the study (n=14) and those who dropped out (n=5) revealed statistically significant improvements in Physician Rating Scale, hair-pulling episodes, Trichotillomania Impairment Scale, and Trichotillomania Symptom Severity Scale, but not in estimated amount of hair pulled. In addition, the percentage of patients' focused or compulsive hair-pulling symptoms was predictive of treatment response. Unfortunately, all three subjects who entered long-term treatment displayed substantial movement back toward baseline by the end of 6 months. We concluded that fluvoxamine produces moderate reductions in symptoms during the short-term treatment of TTM and that the presence of focused or compulsive hair pulling may be predictive of treatment response. However, responses may be short lived when treatment is extended.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial and Oxidative Impacts of Short and Long-term Administration of HAART on HIV Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-124
Author(s):  
Joy E. Ikekpeazu ◽  
Oliver C. Orji ◽  
Ikenna K. Uchendu ◽  
Lawrence U.S. Ezeanyika
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
One Year

Background and Objective: There may be a possible link between the use of HAART and oxidative stress-related mitochondrial dysfunction in HIV patients. We evaluated the mitochondrial and oxidative impacts of short and long-term administration of HAART on HIV patients attending the Enugu State University Teaching (ESUT) Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria following short and long-term therapy. Methods: 96 patients categorized into four groups of 24 individuals were recruited for the study. Group 1 comprised of age-matched, apparently healthy, sero-negative individuals (the No HIV group); group 2 consisted of HIV sero-positive individuals who had not started any form of treatment (the Treatment naïve group). Individuals in group 3 were known HIV patients on HAART for less than one year (Short-term treatment group), while group 4 comprised of HIV patients on HAART for more than one year (Long-term treatment group). All patients were aged between 18 to 60 years and attended the HIV clinic at the time of the study. Determination of total antioxidant status (TAS in nmol/l), malondialdehyde (MDA in mmol/l), CD4+ count in cells/μl, and genomic studies were all done using standard operative procedures. Results: We found that the long-term treatment group had significantly raised the levels of MDA, as well as significantly diminished TAS compared to the Short-term treatment and No HIV groups (P<0.05). In addition, there was significantly elevated variation in the copy number of mitochondrial genes (mtDNA: D-loop, ATPase 8, TRNALEU uur) in the long-term treatment group. Interpretation and Conclusion: Long-term treatment with HAART increases oxidative stress and causes mitochondrial alterations in HIV patients.

scholarly journals Brushing Influences Transplant Growth and Subsequent Yield of Four Cultivars of Tomato and Their Hybrid Lines

1992 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 384-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomio Johjima ◽  
Joyce G. Latimer ◽  
Hiroshi Wakita
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Stress ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Growth Habits ◽  
Hybrid Lines

Pot-grown seedlings of seven lines [`Red Cherry' (RC), `Moneymaker' (MM), `Dantobi-yohzu' (DY), `Furikoma' (FK), RC × FK, MM × DY, and MM × FK] of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were brushed with a suspended steel bar for 1.5 minutes twice daily for 18 days (short-term treatment) before being transplanted to beds in a plastic greenhouse. Brushing was continued on a selected group of plants for an additional 10 days (long-term treatment). Short-term brushing slightly reduced the number of leaves, but markedly reduced leaf size and stem elongation of all lines. Dry weights of lamina, petioles, and stems of brushed plants of each cultivar except FK were less than those of the respective controls. However, the ratios of root: shoot dry weight of brushed plants were unchanged or higher than those of the respective controls. Short-term brushing did not increase the total number or weight of tomato fruits harvested over 1 month and did not improve fruit quality, size, or color. Long-term brushing reduced the total yield (number and weight) of fruits of RC and total fruit weight of DY. With respect to sensitivity to mechanical stress, cultivars with taller growth habits were more responsive to brushing than were those with shorter growth habits. These characteristic responses to mechanical stress also were exhibited by the hybrid lines.

scholarly journals Construction of effective induction of immune tolerance to rheumatoid arthritis using fingolimod

Impact ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (5) ◽  
pp. 51-53
Author(s):  
Yuya Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Immune Tolerance ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
New Treatments

Autoimmune diseases occur when the body begins to attack normal cells instead of fighting off diseases and infections. There are ways of treating autoimmune diseases, but these provide only short-term relief, and there is no cure. Therefore, relapse tends to be an inevitable part of autoimmune diseases. Dr Yuya Yoshida is a specialist in immunology based in the Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Japan, who is investigating the possibility of inducing immune tolerance and, in doing so, eliminating the need for long-term treatment. He and his team are working to devise a treatment strategy that enables complete short-term treatment and can then maintain long-term remission without the need for drug treatment. The ultimate goal for the team is a breakthrough in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, which would have far-reaching benefits for patients and the field of medicine. A key focus for Yoshida and his team is how an immunomodulating medication called fingolimod (FTY720) could be used to induce immune tolerance and, in doing so, stop the cycle of remission and relapse. There is potential for FTY720 to be used to develop new treatments and eliminate the need for patients to rely on long-term treatment. In particular, the researchers are focusing on multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. One investigation involves the use of animal models to explore the construction of effective induction of immune tolerance to rheumatoid arthritis using FTY720.

scholarly journals Long-term treatment with valganciclovir improves lentiviral suicide gene therapy of glioblastoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 890-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jubayer A Hossain ◽  
Md A Latif ◽  
Lars A R Ystaas ◽  
Sandra Ninzima ◽  
Kristoffer Riecken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Suicide Gene ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Suicide Gene Therapy ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Long Term Treatment

Abstract Background Suicide gene therapy for malignant gliomas has shown encouraging results in the latest clinical trials. However, prodrug application was most often restricted to short-term treatment (14 days), especially when replication-defective vectors were used. We previously showed that a substantial fraction of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) transduced tumor cells survive ganciclovir (GCV) treatment in an orthotopic glioblastoma (GBM) xenograft model. Here we analyzed whether these TK+ tumor cells are still sensitive to prodrug treatment and whether prolonged prodrug treatment can enhance treatment efficacy. Methods Glioma cells positive for TK and green fluorescent protein (GFP) were sorted from xenograft tumors recurring after suicide gene therapy, and their sensitivity to GCV was tested in vitro. GBM xenografts were treated with HSV-TK/GCV, HSV-TK/valganciclovir (valGCV), or HSV-TK/valGCV + erlotinib. Tumor growth was analyzed by MRI, and survival as well as morphological and molecular changes were assessed. Results TK-GFP+ tumor cells from recurrent xenograft tumors retained sensitivity to GCV in vitro. Importantly, a prolonged period (3 mo) of prodrug administration with valganciclovir (valGCV) resulted in a significant survival advantage compared with short-term (3 wk) application of GCV. Recurrent tumors from the treatment groups were more invasive and less angiogenic compared with primary tumors and showed significant upregulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression. However, double treatment with the EGFR inhibitor erlotinib did not increase therapeutic efficacy. Conclusion Long-term treatment with valGCV should be considered as a replacement for short-term treatment with GCV in clinical trials of HSV-TK mediated suicide gene therapy.

scholarly journals A retrospective, observational, single center study of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist protocols at the Reproductive Center of Farah Hospital in Jordan

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 3103
Author(s):  
Zaid Kilani ◽  
Mohammad Shaban
Keyword(s):  
Term Treatment ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Clinical Pregnancy ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Group A

Background: Data on infertility and in vitro fertilization (IVF) are incomplete and uncertain in Jordan and worldwide because of difficulties in evaluating infertility in the general population. This study aimed at comparing the effectiveness of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRH-a) long and short protocols as part of IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection.Methods: This observational, retrospective, comparative, longitudinal study was conducted in a reproductive center in Jordan. It reviewed data charts from women who took GnRH-a for IVF, from 2010 to 2013. These were categorized in Group A (long-term GnRH-a: single 3.75 mg-monthly injection) or Group B (short-term GnRH-a: multiple daily 0.1 mg injections). The primary endpoint was the rate of ongoing clinical pregnancy (number of pregnancies/number of women) and live birth rate in fresh cycle/protocols.Results: Out of 1,946 eligible women, 471 underwent the long-term treatment of GnRH-a administration and 1,523 the short-term treatment. The women’s mean age was 29.61±3.80 years old. Out of the 471 women in Group A, 216 (45.9%) women had ongoing clinical pregnancy, of whom 69 (31.9%) had live births. In the short-protocol group, 485 (31.8%) women had ongoing clinical pregnancy, of whom 133 (27.4%) had live births.Conclusions: GnRH-a long protocol is more effective than the short protocol regardless of the agonist formulation used in subfertile women/men who underwent IVF/ intracytoplasmic sperm injection.

scholarly journals Isoproterenol-Induced Hypertrophied Rat Hearts: Does Short-Term Treatment Correspond to Long-Term Treatment?

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Takeshita ◽  
Juichiro Shimizu ◽  
Yutaka Kitagawa ◽  
Daisuke Yamashita ◽  
Kiyoe Tohne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Term Treatment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Rat Hearts ◽  
Long Term Treatment

scholarly journals Adalimumab for long-term treatment of psoriatic arthritis: 2-year data from the Adalimumab Effectiveness in Psoriatic Arthritis Trial (ADEPT)

2008 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 702-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
P J Mease ◽  
P Ory ◽  
J T Sharp ◽  
C T Ritchlin ◽  
F Van den Bosch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psoriatic Arthritis ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Adalimumab Treatment

Objective:To evaluate the long-term effectiveness and tolerability of adalimumab in the treatment of psoriatic arthritis (PsA).Methods:Patients with PsA who completed a 24-week, double-blind study of adalimumab versus placebo were eligible to enroll in an open-label extension study and receive adalimumab 40 mg subcutaneously every other week for up to an additional 120 weeks. At the time of this analysis, available efficacy evaluations throughout 2 years of treatment (n  =  245) included American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 20%, 50% and 70% improvement scores, measures of joint disease and skin disease, disability and quality of life; modified total Sharp scores (mTSS) were available for 2.75 years of treatment for patients who received adalimumab in the 24-week study.Results:After 24 weeks of double-blind treatment, the mean change in mTSS was −0.2 for the adalimumab group (N  =  144) and 1.0 for the placebo group (N  =  152; p<0.001), and outcomes for all individual ACR component variables were significantly improved in adalimumab compared with placebo-treated patients. Compared with 24-week responses, inhibition of radiographic progression and improvements in joint disease were maintained in most patients during long-term, open-label adalimumab treatment. Also, improvements in skin disease were maintained, with >20% of patients achieving the strict criterion of psoriasis area and severity index 100. The nature and frequency of adverse events during long-term adalimumab treatment were consistent with the safety profile during short-term treatment.Conclusions:The clinical and radiographic efficacy of adalimumab demonstrated during short-term treatment was sustained during long-term treatment. Adalimumab has a favourable risk–benefit profile in patients with PsA.Trial registration number:NCT00195689.

Biological markers of interferon-beta therapy: comparison among interferon-stimulated genes MxA, TRAIL and XAF-1

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Gilli ◽  
F Marnetto ◽  
M Caldano ◽  
A Sala ◽  
S Malucchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Interferon Beta ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Long Term Treatment

Biological activity of interferon-beta (IFNβ) can be assessed by measuring IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Among them, myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA) appears to have the highest specificity, but it has no role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). To investigate the reliability of MxA as a biomarker, we compared its expression to that of two other ISGs: TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis factor-1 (XAF-1). Both were shown to be involved in immunoregulatory mechanisms and might play a role in MS. Quantitative-PCR measurements were performed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 73 MS patients after short-term and long-term treatment with IFNβ. A time-dependent response for multiple ISGs was observed in all patients after short-term treatment. In contrast, long-term treatment induced concurrent inhibition of ISGs in 12.3% (9/73) of patients, in whom neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) were detectable. Besides, 22% (16/73) of chronically treated patients showed a non-NAbs-related abrogation of TRAIL expression. In summary, 1) MxA expression was significantly higher than both TRAIL and XAF-1, and 2) MxA was the most sensitive gene to detect decreased bioavailability due to NAbs. These findings identify MxA as an appropriate biomarker for IFNβ, although there is no evidence for a functional role of it in MS.

scholarly journals Short-term and long-term safety and efficacy of tenofovir alafenamide, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and entecavir treatment of acute-on-chronic liver failure associated with hepatitis B

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Li ◽  
Chunhua Hu ◽  
Yi Chen ◽  
Rou Zhang ◽  
Shan Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Serum Cystatin C ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background & Aims There is limited evidence on the efficacy and safety of nucleos(t) ide analogues (NAs) in the treatment of HBV-ACLF. Our objective was to evaluate the outcomes among TAF, TDF and ETV, three first-line antivirals against chronic hepatitis B, in patients with HBV-ACLF. Methods Patients with HBV-related ACLF were recruited and received daily TAF (25 mg/d), TDF (300 mg/d) and ETV (0.5 mg/d). They were prospectively followed-up. The primary endpoint was overall survival at week 12 and week 48, the secondary endpoints were virological response and biochemical response. Results Forty gender and age matched eligible subjects were recruited and divided into three groups: TAF group, TDF group and ETV group. By week 48, 8 (80%) patients in TAF group, 6 (60%) patients in TDF group and 17 (85%) patients in ETV group survived without liver transplantation (P = 0.251). After 4 weeks of NAs treatment, all three groups showed paralleling reduction of HBV DNA levels. All three groups presented similar biochemical responses at week 4, patients treated with TAF showed a priority in total bilirubin reduction, albumin and cholesterol maintenance. Additionally, although there was no significant difference in changes of serum urea, serum creatinine, serum cystatin C and estimated GFR among the three groups by treatment week 4, TDF showed unfavorable renal safety even in short -term treatment. The treatment using NAs was well-tolerated and there was no serious drug-related adverse event reported. Conclusions TAF, TDF and ETV are of similar efficacy and safety in short-term and long-term treatment of HBV-ACLF. Trial registration This study is ongoing and is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03640728 (05/02/2019).

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