scholarly journals Family Support and Its Association with Glycemic Control in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Adwa M. AlHaidar ◽  
Norah A. AlShehri ◽  
Munira A. AlHussaini
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Hba1c Level ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Critical Situations

The prevalence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) among children in Saudi Arabia is increasing with unfavorable outcomes. Therefore, in addition to pharmacotherapy, other measures should be studied regarding psychological aspects mainly among adolescents. The family, which acts as the primary caregiver at this age, may play a major role in disease management. Thus, this study is aimed at assessing the perception of adolescents about the behaviors of their families initially and at investigating the correlation between these behaviors and glycemic control. Up to our knowledge, there was no study in Saudi Arabia that addressed this issue previously. This cross-sectional observational study assessed adolescents aged 10–19 years diagnosed with T1DM on insulin and receiving follow-up care at the King Saud University Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Data were collected via telephone interview and the verified “Modified Diabetes Social Support Questionnaire-Family version”. Glycemic control was then assessed using the most recent hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level recorded in their electronic files. Fifty-six adolescents participated in this study with an equal sex distribution (each n=28). Almost all participants were Saudis, and the majority were living in Riyadh (n=41). The mean age was 16.1±2.41 years with a mean of 6.1±4.14 years history of diabetes. The mean HbA1c level was 9.6±2.12%. Participants perceived all behaviors as supportive with “support in critical situations” being the highest (77.3%) and the only factor significantly related to HbA1c (p=0.017). Age was significantly related to all factors (p>0.05). Family plays a major role in the management of diabetes. Their supportive behaviors are perceived by their family members diagnosed with T1DM, but there has been no optimal association with disease control. However, the involvement of the family can aid in decreasing possible complications of the disease by intervening in critical situations.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Microalbuminuria and Glycosylated Hemoglobin in the Assessment of Diabetes Control in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Hospitalized with Diabetic Ketoacidosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saiprasad Onkareshwar Kavthekar ◽  
Vijay Tukaram Mali ◽  
Sachin Verma ◽  
Anil Bapurao Kurane ◽  
Nivedita Balasaheb Patil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Hba1c Level ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Duration Of Diabetes ◽  
Hba1c Control

Background: Microalbuminuria is thought to be an early predictor of impending diabetic nephropathy, while glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is a biochemical marker of long-term glycemic control in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of microalbuminuria and its association with HbA1c on admission and duration of diabetes. Also, changes in HbA1c level on admission and three months after admission were studied to assess diabetes control in children with T1DM. Methods: This prospective study was conducted among 38 children (< 18 years) diagnosed with TIDM presenting with clinical signs, symptoms, and biochemical parameters of DKA. The presence of microalbuminuria, HbA1c level, and the number of past episodes of DKA were recorded. HbA1c level was again estimated after three months. The resultant data was tabulated and analyzed statistically (P < 0.05). Results: Microalbuminuria and poor HbA1c control were observed in 18% and 60% of the sample population, respectively. A significant association was found between HbA1c > 9% (P = 0.032) and the duration of diabetes > 4 years (P = 0.032) and microalbuminuria. Significant improvement in glycemic control was noted from the time of admission to three months after admission (9.76 ± 2.77 vs. 7.75 ± 1.28; P = 0.00012). A significant difference was observed between past DKA episodes according to HbA1c control (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Microalbuminuria assessment is needed in T1DM children, especially those with HbA1c > 9% and duration of diabetes > four years, to evaluate diabetic nephropathy. Good glycemic control can be achieved with effective insulin therapy accompanied by appropriate counseling and regular follow-up.

Prevalence and clinical presentation at the onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus among children and adolescents in AL-Baha region, Saudi Arabia

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Hassan Al-Ghamdi ◽  
Abdelhameed Ahmed Fureeh
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Loss Of Weight ◽  
The Mean

AbstractBackground:The objectives were to describe the frequency of clinical presentation at the onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and to estimate the prevalence of T1DM among children and adolescents in the AL-Baha region, Saudi Arabia, aiming for early diagnosis of T1DM.Methods:The clinical and laboratory data of 471 children and adolescents who presented with T1DM and received medical care at an AL-Baha diabetic center during the period from 2007 to 2016 were retrospectively analyzed based on the records.Results:The prevalence of T1DM in the AL-Baha region was 355 per 100,000 population in participants aged from 0 to 19 years. T1DM was more common among girls than boys (57.5% vs. 42.5%, respectively; p=0.3), and the female/male ratio was 1.36 in favor of girls. Hyperglycemic symptoms were the most frequent symptoms at presentation [59.2% vs. 40.8% with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)], and 37% of them presented with loss of weight. Most of the ketoacidosis was mild to moderate (80.2%), while only 19.8% of children had the severe type and DKA was more common (55.2%) among females. The mean age at diagnosis of T1DM was 8.2±3.5 years for all patients, and 8.3±3.9 and 8.9±3.6 years for boys and girls, respectively (p=0.06). Hyperglycemic symptoms were more common in spring (15.9%).Conclusions:The prevalence of type 1 diabetes in the AL-Baha region was 355 per 100,000 population, which is one of the highest reported prevalences in this age group. Hyperglycemic symptoms were the most encountered symptoms at the onset of the presentation of T1DM and this may help in early detection of diabetic symptoms by patients and physicians to avoid the more severe types of presentation.

scholarly journals Glycemic Control in Children and Youth With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 117955141882515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah M Al Zahrani ◽  
Adnan Al Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
The Mean

Objective: To determine the glycemic control and cardio-metabolic complications of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) attending a tertiary care diabetes clinic in Saudi Arabia. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study of children and adolescents with T1DM attending King Abdulaziz Medical City-Jeddah from 2010 to 2013. We assessed their glycemic control and diabetes management. Vitamin D status was compared with glycemic control and gender differences. Results: We identified 301 subjects (53.5% females); mean age was 13.9 ± 3.8 years. The mean duration of diabetes was 7.7 ± 3.7 years, body mass index (BMI) was 21.1 ± 4.5 kg/m2, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was 9.6% ± 1.9% in both genders. There were modest gender-specific differences in Saudi patients with T1DM, with males having more symptoms than females. Mean age at diagnosis of T1DM was slightly younger in males (6.01 ± 3.65 years) than in females (6.33 ± 3.45 years). Education was the most common reason for admission in males (32.9%), whereas diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) was the most common reason in females (38.8%). Frequency of symptomatic hypoglycemic attacks was relatively higher in males (47.1%) than in females (42.9%). The majority of our patients (83%) were on intensive insulin regimen, having 4 injections or more per day. The remaining (17%) were on conventional insulin therapy. Only 26.2% had satisfactory HbA1c (⩽8%). The mean level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D was 35.15 ± 15.9 nmol/L and cholesterol was 4.75 ± 1.1 nmol/L. Vitamin D deficiency (25-hydroxyvitamin D ⩽ 37.5 nmol/L) was detected in 63.6% males and 67.7% females. No significant correlation between HbA1c and vitamin D deficiency was observed. Conclusions: Metabolic control among Saudi children with T1DM is less satisfactory compared with other countries. The high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in this population supports the recommendation of vitamin D supplementation in T1DM subjects. Further studies in a larger cohort are needed to confirm our findings.

Association of dislipidemia and glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Makhlina ◽  
Tatiana Mokhort ◽  
Yana Navmenova ◽  
Marina Kaplieva ◽  
Irina Savosteeva
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

scholarly journals Glycemic control associated factors in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients: a cross sectional study

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Ramos Guzatti ◽  
Amely PS Balthazar ◽  
Maria Heloisa Busi da Silva Canalli ◽  
Thais Fagnani Machado
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Relationship between glycemic control, ethnicity and socioeconomic status in Hispanic and white non-Hispanic youths with type 1 diabetes mellitus

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela R. Gallegos-Macias ◽  
Santiago R. Macias ◽  
Ellen Kaufman ◽  
Betty Skipper ◽  
Norton Kalishman
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

scholarly journals Relationship between glycemic control and OPG gene polymorphisms with lower bone mineral density in patients with type 1 Diabetes mellitus

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melina Bezerra Loureiro ◽  
Marcela Abbott Galvão Ururahy ◽  
Karla Simone Costa de Souza ◽  
Yonara Monique da Costa Oliveira ◽  
Heglayne Pereira Vital da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Lower Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Mineral Density

scholarly journals Serum vitamin D deficiency in children and adolescents is associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 1275-1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changwei Liu ◽  
Jingwen Wang ◽  
Yuanyuan Wan ◽  
Xiaona Xia ◽  
Jian Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
25Ohd Level ◽  
Serum 25Ohd ◽  
The Mean

Background To investigate the relationship 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD) level among children and in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Methods A case–control study was conducted to compare the serum 25OHD levels between cases and controls. This study recruited 296 T1DM children (106 newly diagnosed T1DM patients and 190 established T1DM patients), and 295 age- and gender-matched healthy subjects as controls. Results The mean serum 25OHD in T1DM children was 48.69 ± 15.26 nmol/L and in the controls was 57.93 ± 19.03 nmol/L. The mean serum 25OHD in T1DM children was lower than that of controls (P < 0.01). The mean serum 25OHD level (50.42 ± 14.74 nmol/L) in the newly diagnosed T1DM children was higher than that (47.70 ± 15.50 nmol/L) in the established T1DM children but the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.16). HbA1c values were associated with 25OHD levels in established T1DM children (r = 0.264, P < 0.01), and there was no association between 25OHD and HbA1c in newly diagnosed T1DM children (r = 0.164; P > 0.05). Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency is common in T1DM children, and it should be worthy of attention on the lack of vitamin D in established T1DM children.

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