scholarly journals Review on Major Food-Borne Zoonotic Bacterial Pathogens

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Engidaw Abebe ◽  
Getachew Gugsa ◽  
Meselu Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Major Food ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Zoonotic Bacteria

Food-borne microorganisms are major pathogens affecting food safety and cause human illness worldwide as a result of consumption of foodstuff, mainly animal products contaminated with vegetative pathogens or their toxins. Most of these microbes have zoonotic importance resulting in significant impact on both public health and economic sectors. Bacteria are the causative agents of two-thirds of human food-borne diseases worldwide with high burden in developing countries. Hence, the objectives of this review paper are to highlight the background of food-borne bacterial pathogens and to review common major food-borne zoonotic bacterial pathogens. Food animals are the major reservoirs of many food-borne zoonotic bacterial pathogens, and food products of animal origin are the main vehicles of transmission. Meat, dairy products, and eggs are the main ways by which people are exposed to zoonotic bacteria. S. aureus, Salmonella species, Campylobacter species, L. monocytogenes, and E. coli are the major zoonotic bacterial pathogens which are the causative agents of food-borne illness and death in the world associated with consumption of contaminated animal products. Production of toxins and structural virulent factors are responsible for the pathogenesis of these bacteria. These major zoonotic bacteria cause human infections which are characterized mainly by gastrointestinal symptoms including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and other agent-specific symptoms. Some bacteria may cause severe complications. Conventional (culturing), serological, and molecular techniques are important for detection of these common zoonotic bacteria and their toxins in food. Good hygiene, GMP, sanitation in operating procedures, and implementation of standardized HACCP and pasteurization procedures are effective methods for the control and prevention. Currently, the emergence of multidrug-resistant zoonotic bacteria associated with consumption of contaminated animal products is a great concern for the public health, and there should be coordinated surveillance and monitoring system for food-borne zoonotic bacterial pathogens particularly in developing countries including Ethiopia.

Responding to the increasing global demand for animal products: implications for the livelihoods of livestock producers in developing countries

2004 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 1-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Thomas ◽  
D. Rangnekar
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin ◽  
Global Demand

Livestock production currently accounts for some 40% of the gross value of world agricultural production, and its share is rising (FAO, 2002). Livestock production is the largest user of agricultural land; directly through grazing of pastures and indirectly through the production of forage crops and other feeds. Over the next 20 years, there will be a massive increase in demand for food of animal origin in developing countries, and this increase will be greater than for either the major cereals or roots and tubers (IFPRI, 1995; Delgado et al., 1999).

scholarly journals Molecular diagnostics in South Africa and challenges in the establishment of a molecular laboratory in developing countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (03) ◽  
pp. 236-243
Author(s):  
Ashika Singh-Moodley ◽  
Husna Ismail ◽  
Olga Perovic
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Public Health Surveillance ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Health Surveillance ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Phenotypic Methods ◽  
And Control

The laboratory plays a significant role in public health surveillance, outbreak investigation and infection prevention and control strategies. Microbiology laboratories are moving towards incorporating molecular biology techniques for the surveillance and identification of pathogens causing infectious diseases as well as the genotypic characterisation of these organisms. These methods are accurate, rapid, reliable, and provide a wealth of information that are not available using conventional phenotypic methods. However, establishing such a laboratory can be challenging in developing countries due to poor infrastructure, the lack of funding and the required expertise. This manuscript discusses the essential issues that need to be addressed when establishing a molecular microbiology laboratory and the usefulness of molecular techniques in public health surveillance and outbreaks in developing countries. Molecular data on South African findings obtained from surveillance and outbreak studies are also presented in this manuscript.

scholarly journals Faecal contamination and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in street-vended chili sauces in Mexico and its public health relevance

2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. ESTRADA-GARCIA ◽  
J. F. CERNA ◽  
M. R. THOMPSON ◽  
C. LOPEZ-SAUCEDO
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Faecal Contamination ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Health Relevance ◽  
Hygienic Conditions

The street-vended food industry provides employment and cheap ready-to-eat meals to a large proportion of the population in developing countries like Mexico, yet little is known about its role in the transmission of food borne diseases (FBD). Because of its wide consumption, street-vended chili sauces in Mexico are potential vehicles of FBD. An observational study was performed in Mexico City collecting 43 street-vended chili sauces. These sauces were prepared under poor hygienic conditions of handling and selling. Consumers add 4–8 ml of chili sauce per taco, ingest 2–5 tacos per meal and on average, 50 consumers frequent a stall per day. Seventeen (40%) samples were faecally contaminated and 2(5%) sauces harboured sufficient enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli to cause disease. We estimate that the consumption of only one of these chili sauces could result in ETEC disease in at least 21000 consumers per year, making them important potential vehicles of FBD.

Veterinaire volksgezondheid, een discipline in continue evolutie

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. HOUF
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Veterinary Public Health ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin ◽  
Zoonotic Bacteria ◽  
Almost All

Veterinary public health, a discipline in transition. Veterinary public health, a discipline in which veterinarians help control zoonotic animal diseases, has clearly contributed in improving human health. Since the early 19th century, traditional meat inspections have ensured that in many European countries, including Belgium, almost all animals slaughtered are declared fit for human consumption. Nevertheless, in recent decades, all industrialized countries have been confronted with an increasing number of foodborne infections caused by zoonotic bacteria. Until the end of the 20th century, the focus was mainly on detecting macroscopically visible abnormalities on animal carcasses and in food of animal origin. However, in farm animals, these microorganisms do not cause disease or macroscopic injuries, nor lead to reduced production parameters. The traditional veterinary inspection is therefore no longer sufficient to guarantee public health, and will, under the impulse of the European Commission, be transformed into a risk-based inspection in the near future. Furthermore, due to worldwide trading, movement of people, changed production processes and environmental degradation, a multidisciplinary approach with a renewed collaboration between animal and human medicine will, as in the past, be necessary to face these new challenges.

Feature extraction and prediction of Dengue Outbreaks

2020 ◽  
pp. 216-222
Author(s):  
Kunal Parikh ◽  
Tanvi Makadia ◽  
Harshil Patel
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Predictive Analytics ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithm ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
The World ◽  
Dengue Outbreaks

Dengue is unquestionably one of the biggest health concerns in India and for many other developing countries. Unfortunately, many people have lost their lives because of it. Every year, approximately 390 million dengue infections occur around the world among which 500,000 people are seriously infected and 25,000 people have died annually. Many factors could cause dengue such as temperature, humidity, precipitation, inadequate public health, and many others. In this paper, we are proposing a method to perform predictive analytics on dengue’s dataset using KNN: a machine-learning algorithm. This analysis would help in the prediction of future cases and we could save the lives of many.

Exploring the World Trade Organisation's Trade and Environment/Public Health Jurisprudence as a Model for Incorporating a Trade–Labour Linkage into the Organisation's Multilateral Trade Regime: Should African Countries Accept a Policy Shift?

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-65
Author(s):  
Tapiwa V. Warikandwa ◽  
Patrick C. Osode
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
World Trade ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Trade Regime ◽  
Multilateral Trade ◽  
Appellate Body ◽  
The World ◽  
Labour Standards ◽  
The Impact

The incorporation of a trade-labour (standards) linkage into the multilateral trade regime of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) has been persistently opposed by developing countries, including those in Africa, on the grounds that it has the potential to weaken their competitive advantage. For that reason, low levels of compliance with core labour standards have been viewed as acceptable by African countries. However, with the impact of WTO agreements growing increasingly broader and deeper for the weaker and vulnerable economies of developing countries, the jurisprudence developed by the WTO Panels and Appellate Body regarding a trade-environment/public health linkage has the potential to address the concerns of developing countries regarding the potential negative effects of a trade-labour linkage. This article argues that the pertinent WTO Panel and Appellate Body decisions could advance the prospects of establishing a linkage of global trade participation to labour standards without any harm befalling developing countries.

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