scholarly journals Tree-Antimagicness of Web Graphs and Their Disjoint Union

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Zhijun Zhang ◽  
Muhammad Awais Umar ◽  
Xiaojun Ren ◽  
Basharat Rehman Ali ◽  
Mujtaba Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graph Theory ◽  
Disjoint Union ◽  
Graph Labeling ◽  
Labeled Graph ◽  
Antimagic Labeling ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Web Graphs ◽  
Vertex Set ◽  
Edge Labeling

In graph theory, the graph labeling is the assignment of labels (represented by integers) to edges and/or vertices of a graph. For a graph G=V,E, with vertex set V and edge set E, a function from V to a set of labels is called a vertex labeling of a graph, and the graph with such a function defined is called a vertex-labeled graph. Similarly, an edge labeling is a function of E to a set of labels, and in this case, the graph is called an edge-labeled graph. In this research article, we focused on studying super ad,d-T4,2-antimagic labeling of web graphs W2,n and isomorphic copies of their disjoint union.

scholarly journals Edge Irregular Reflexive Labeling for Disjoint Union of Generalized Petersen Graph

Mathematics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Guirao ◽  
Sarfraz Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Siddiqui ◽  
Muhammad Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Disjoint Union ◽  
Graph Labeling ◽  
Petersen Graph ◽  
Generalized Petersen Graph ◽  
Whole Numbers ◽  
Labeled Graph ◽  
Edge Strength ◽  
Correct Estimation ◽  
Edge Labeling

A graph labeling is the task of integers, generally spoken to by whole numbers, to the edges or vertices, or both of a graph. Formally, given a graph G = ( V , E ) a vertex labeling is a capacity from V to an arrangement of integers. A graph with such a capacity characterized is known as a vertex-labeled graph. Similarly, an edge labeling is an element of E to an arrangement of labels. For this situation, the graph is called an edge-labeled graph. We examine an edge irregular reflexive k-labeling for the disjoint association of the cycle related graphs and decide the correct estimation of the reflexive edge strength for the disjoint association of s isomorphic duplicates of the cycle related graphs to be specific Generalized Peterson graphs.

scholarly journals Graceful Labeling of Hypertrees

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
H. El-Zohny ◽  
S. Radwan ◽  
S.I. Abo El-Fotooh ◽  
Z. Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Graph Theory ◽  
Simple Graph ◽  
Graph Labeling ◽  
Graceful Labeling ◽  
Edge Labeling

Graph labeling is considered as one of the most interesting areas in graph theory. A labeling for a simple graph G (numbering or valuation), is an association of non -negative integers to vertices of G  (vertex labeling) or to edges of G  (edge labeling) or both of them. In this paper we study the graceful labeling for the k- uniform hypertree and define a condition for the corresponding tree to be graceful. A k- uniform hypertree is graceful if the minimum difference of vertices’ labels of each edge is distinct and each one is the label of the corresponding edge.

Total Irregularity Strengths of an Arbitrary Disjoint Union of (3,6)- Fullerenes

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayesha Shabbir ◽  
Muhammad Faisal Nadeem ◽  
Mohammad Ovais ◽  
Faraha Ashraf ◽  
Sumiya Nasir
Keyword(s):  
Graph Theory ◽  
Lower Bound ◽  
Coding Theory ◽  
Disjoint Union ◽  
Fullerene Molecule ◽  
Graph Labeling ◽  
Fullerene Graph ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Fullerene Graphs

Aims and Objective: A fullerene graph is a mathematical model of a fullerene molecule. A fullerene molecule or simply a fullerene is a polyhedral molecule made entirely of carbon atoms other than graphite and diamond. Chemical graph theory is a combination of chemistry and graph theory where graph theoretical concepts used to study physical properties of mathematically modeled chemical compounds. Graph labeling is a vital area of graph theory which has application not only within mathematics but also in computer science, coding theory, medicine, communication networking, chemistry and in many other fields. For example, in chemistry vertex labeling is being used in the constitution of valence isomers and transition labeling to study chemical reaction networks. Method and Results: In terms of graphs vertices represent atoms while edges stand for bonds between atoms. By tvs (tes) we mean the least positive integer for which a graph has a vertex (edge) irregular total labeling such that no two vertices (edges) have same weights. A (3,6)-fullerene graph is a non-classical fullerene whose faces are triangles and hexagons. Here, we study the total vertex (edge) irregularity strength of an arbitrary disjoint union of (3,6)-fullerene graphs and providing their exact values. Conclusion: The lower bound for tvs (tes) depending on the number of vertices, minimum and maximum degree of a graph exists in literature while to get different weights one can use sufficiently large numbers, but it is of no interest. Here, by proving that the lower bound is the upper bound we close the case for (3,6)-fullerene graphs.

scholarly journals Local Antimagic Chromatic Number for Copies of Graphs

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1230
Author(s):  
Martin Bača ◽  
Andrea Semaničová-Feňovčíková ◽  
Tao-Ming Wang
Keyword(s):  
Chromatic Number ◽  
Disjoint Union ◽  
Vertex Coloring ◽  
Vertex Weight ◽  
Antimagic Labeling ◽  
Multiple Copies ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Proper Vertex ◽  
Edge Labeling

An edge labeling of a graph G=(V,E) using every label from the set {1,2,⋯,|E(G)|} exactly once is a local antimagic labeling if the vertex-weights are distinct for every pair of neighboring vertices, where a vertex-weight is the sum of labels of all edges incident with that vertex. Any local antimagic labeling induces a proper vertex coloring of G where the color of a vertex is its vertex-weight. This naturally leads to the concept of a local antimagic chromatic number. The local antimagic chromatic number is defined to be the minimum number of colors taken over all colorings of G induced by local antimagic labelings of G. In this paper, we estimate the bounds of the local antimagic chromatic number for disjoint union of multiple copies of a graph.

Bounding Fitting Heights of Two Classes of Character Degree Graphs

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (02) ◽  
pp. 355-360
Author(s):  
Xianxiu Zhang ◽  
Guangxiang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Solvable Group ◽  
Disjoint Union ◽  
Character Degree ◽  
Finite Solvable Group ◽  
Total Degree ◽  
Character Degree Graph ◽  
Vertex Set ◽  
Fitting Height ◽  
Degree Graph

In this article, we prove that a finite solvable group with character degree graph containing at least four vertices has Fitting height at most 4 if each derived subgraph of four vertices has total degree not more than 8. We also prove that if the vertex set ρ(G) of the character degree graph Δ(G) of a solvable group G is a disjoint union ρ(G) = π1 ∪ π2, where |πi| ≥ 2 and pi, qi∈ πi for i = 1,2, and no vertex in π1 is adjacent in Δ(G) to any vertex in π2 except for p1p2 and q1q2, then the Fitting height of G is at most 4.

The Weakly Nilpotent Graph of a Commutative Ring

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-328
Author(s):  
Soheila Khojasteh ◽  
Mohammad Javad Nikmehr
Keyword(s):  
Commutative Ring ◽  
Chromatic Number ◽  
Disjoint Union ◽  
Independence Number ◽  
Artinian Ring ◽  
Clique Number ◽  
Commutative Rings ◽  
Unicyclic Graph ◽  
Nilpotent Elements ◽  
Vertex Set

AbstractLet R be a commutative ring with non-zero identity. In this paper, we introduce theweakly nilpotent graph of a commutative ring. The weakly nilpotent graph of R denoted by Γw(R) is a graph with the vertex set R* and two vertices x and y are adjacent if and only if x y ∊ N(R)*, where R* = R \ {0} and N(R)* is the set of all non-zero nilpotent elements of R. In this article, we determine the diameter of weakly nilpotent graph of an Artinian ring. We prove that if Γw(R) is a forest, then Γw(R) is a union of a star and some isolated vertices. We study the clique number, the chromatic number, and the independence number of Γw(R). Among other results, we show that for an Artinian ring R, Γw(R) is not a disjoint union of cycles or a unicyclic graph. For Artinan rings, we determine diam . Finally, we characterize all commutative rings R for which is a cycle, where is the complement of the weakly nilpotent graph of R.

scholarly journals Order divisor graphs of finite groups

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
S. U. Rehman ◽  
A. Q. Baig ◽  
M. Imran ◽  
Z. U. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Graph Theory ◽  
Finite Groups ◽  
Algebraic Graph Theory ◽  
Vertex Set ◽  
Productive Area

AbstractThe interplay between groups and graphs have been the most famous and productive area of algebraic graph theory. In this paper, we introduce and study the graphs whose vertex set is group G such that two distinct vertices a and b having di erent orders are adjacent provided that o(a) divides o(b) or o(b) divides o(a).

scholarly journals Enumeration of the Edge Weights of Symmetrically Designed Graphs

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Muhammad Javaid ◽  
Hafiz Usman Afzal ◽  
Ebenezer Bonyah
Keyword(s):  
Disjoint Union ◽  
Antimagic Labeling ◽  
Pancyclic Graphs

The idea of super a , 0 -edge-antimagic labeling of graphs had been introduced by Enomoto et al. in the late nineties. This article addresses super a , 0 -edge-antimagic labeling of a biparametric family of pancyclic graphs. We also present the aforesaid labeling on the disjoint union of graphs comprising upon copies of C 4 and different trees. Several problems shall also be addressed in this article.

scholarly journals Cryptosystem using double vertex graph

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (44) ◽  
pp. 4483-4489
Author(s):  
C Beaula ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Graph Theory ◽  
Secure Communication ◽  
System Method ◽  
Encryption And Decryption ◽  
Vertex Graph ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Encryption Method ◽  
The Given ◽  
Edge Labeling

Background/Objective: The Coronavirus Covid-19 has affected almost all the countries and millions of people got infected and more deaths have been reported everywhere. The uncertainty and fear created by the pandemic can be used by hackers to steal the data from both private and public systems. Hence, there is an urgent need to improve the security of the systems. This can be done only by building a strong cryptosystem. So many researchers started embedding different topics of mathematics like algebra, number theory, and so on in cryptography to keep the system, safe and secure. In this study, a cryptosystem using graph theory has been attempted, to strengthen the security of the system. Method: A new graph is constructed from the given graph, known as a double vertex graph. The edge labeling of this double vertex graph is used in encryption and decryption. Findings: A new cryptosystem using the amalgamation of the path, its double vertex graph and edge labeling has been proposed. From the double vertex graph of a path, we have given a method to find the original path. To hack such an encrypted key, the knowledge of graph theory is important, which makes the system stronger. Applications:The one-word encryption method will be useful in every security system that needs a password for secure communication or storage or authentication. Keywords: Double vertex graphs; path; adjacency matrix; encryption; cryptography

Super face d-antimagic labeling for disjoint union of toroidal fullerenes

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 849-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahid Imran ◽  
Muhammad Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Kamran Siddiqui ◽  
Muhammad Numan
Keyword(s):  
Disjoint Union ◽  
Antimagic Labeling
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document