scholarly journals Corn Response Across Plant Densities and Row Configurations for Different Moisture Environments

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Kipling S. Balkcom ◽  
Kira L. Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Measured Variable ◽  
Irrigation Level ◽  
Plant Densities

Corn (Zea mays L.) production in the Southeast can be negatively impacted by erratic summer rainfall and drought-prone, coarse-textured soils, but irrigation combined with conservation tillage and cover crops may support greater plant densities arranged in different row configurations to improve yield. We examined five site-years of data across two soil types in Alabama to compare corn yields in a conservation system across three plant densities for single- and twin-row configurations in dryland and irrigated moisture regimes. Treatments were arranged with a split plot treatment restriction in a RCB design with three replications. Main plots were irrigation level (no irrigation and irrigation), and subplots were a factorial arrangement of three plant densities (5.9, 7.4, and 8.9 plants m−2) and row configurations (single and twin). A moisture environment (low and moderate) variable, defined by growing season rainfall, was used to average over site-years. In general, irrigation in the moderate-moisture environment improved each measured variable (plant height, stover yield, corn yield, and test weight) and decreased grain N concentration and aflatoxin levels compared to the low-moisture environment with no irrigation. Benefits of increased rainfall and irrigation to reduce soil moisture stress across drought-prone soils were evident. Pooled results across all site-years indicated no yield response as plant density increased, but greater yields were observed with the greatest plant densities in the moderate-moisture environments. No advantage for twin-row corn production was observed across five site-years in Alabama, which indicates either row configuration can be successfully adopted.

Estimating the economic optimal target density of hybrid canola based on data from a western Canadian meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray D. Hartman ◽  
Scott R. Jeffrey
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Optimal Density ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Optimal Target ◽  
The Relationship

Canola production in western Canada has expanded such that in many regions canola area rivals the area seeded to wheat. This change can be mainly attributed to adoption of herbicide resistant hybrid varieties, and resulting higher relative profitability. Producers responded to higher seed prices by reducing seeding rates, leading to plant densities that were often lower than industry recommendations. The study objectives were to examine canola yield response to plant density and assess economically optimal density levels relative to industry recommendations and grower practices. A meta-analysis approach was applied to yield response and plant density data with herbicide resistant hybrid canola from multiple studies. Three alternative marginal yield-density functions were estimated and used to calculate economically optimal plant density. Sensitivity of results to key parameters was assessed. Resulting optimal density levels under recent average prices, seed size and emergence were 62-73 plants m-2, consistent with industry recommendations for western Canada. Recent field surveys report lower densities than this range, suggesting that producers are seeding at less than optimal rates. However, there is significant uncertainty associated with canola production, and interaction of seeding rate with other factors. These would impact on optimal plant density, although much of the uncertainty remains until well after seeding. The empirical results represent a foundation for development of more detailed models, highlight the significance of the relationship between plant density and economically optimal yield, and suggest the need to develop decision making tools to support producers in making canola planting decisions.

scholarly journals Tillering does not interfere on white oat grain yield response to plant density

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milton Luiz de Almeida ◽  
Luís Sangoi ◽  
Márcio Ender ◽  
Anderson Fernando Wamser
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Plant Densities

Plant density is one of the cropping practices that has the largest impact on individual plant growth. This work was conducted to evaluate the response of white oat (Avena sativa) cultivars with contrasting tillering patterns to variations in plant density. Two field experiments were carried out in Lages, SC, Brazil, during the 1998 and 1999 growing seasons. A split plot experimental design was used. Four oat cultivars were tested in the main plots: UFRGS 14, UFRGS 18, UPF 16 and UPF 17 using five plant densities split plots: 50, 185, 320, 455 and 550 plants m-2. Five plant samples were taken 25, 34, 48, 58 and 70 days after plant emergence to assess the treatment effects on dry matter partition between main stem and tillers. UFRGS 18 promoted dry matter allocation to tillers whereas UPF 17 directed dry mass mostly to the main stem. Differences in dry mass allocation between the main stem and tillers had no impact on grain yield, UPF 16 presenting the highest values for both growing seasons. The lack of interaction between population density and cultivar and the small effect of plant population on grain yield indicates that the oat tillering ability is not fundamental to define its grain yield.

Corn Yield Response to Plant Density and Nitrogen: Spatial Models and Yield Distribution

2018 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 970-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rai Schwalbert ◽  
Telmo J.C. Amado ◽  
Tiago A. N. Horbe ◽  
Lincon O. Stefanello ◽  
Y. Assefa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Spatial Models ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Yield Distribution

scholarly journals Plant density and peanut crop yield (Arachis hypogaea) in the peanut growing region of Córdoba (Argentina)

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.D. Morla ◽  
O. Giayetto ◽  
E. M. Fernandez ◽  
G. A. Cerioni ◽  
C. Cerliani
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Peanut Crop ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Growing Region

ABSTRACT Plant density is one of the most important management factors affecting the peanut growth, modifying the capacity to capture radiation, water and nutrients. Peanut yield response to increased plant density changes according to environmental conditions, the genotype used, and planting date. Therefore, the optimum plant density (OPD) may vary with location. The aim of this project was (i) to fit the Mitscherlich's equation of diminishing productivities to the yield response of runner-type peanuts to increasing plant density under different growing conditions in the peanut growing region of Cordoba Argentina; and (ii) validate this model with independent experimental data. The first stage was based on the analysis of data from different projects of plant densities carried out in the peanut growing area of Córdoba. This information was adjusted to the decreasing yield equation and the OPD was calculated. For validation, a field experiment was conducted during the 2013/14 and 2014/15 growing seasons under irrigated and rain-fed conditions where pod yield was evaluated for 5, 12, 18, 25 and 36 plants/m2. No interaction was detected between soil moisture conditions and plant density. Yield response to plant density had a high degree of fitness for a wide range of environmental and crop conditions. In field experiments, the peanut yield decreased only at the lowest plant density (5 plants/m2). Yield response to density adjusted to the Mitscherlich equation indicated that OPD ranged from 10.5 to 24.8 plants/m2. Using a single adjustment equation y = 1(1 – e−0.1784x), OPD was estimated to be 16.8 plants/m2 at harvest (11.7 plants per linear meter in 0.7 m between rows) for the peanut growing region of Cordoba. This approach can be a valuable input, along with other variables to analyze, when choosing peanut sowing density.

scholarly journals Plant density and nitrogen topdressing of high-altitude main-season corn

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 2651-2668
Author(s):  
Denis Piazzoli ◽  
◽  
Moryb Jorge Lima da Costa Sapucay ◽  
André Mateus Prando ◽  
João Alberto de Oliveira Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Plant Densities

An appropriate combination of plant density with nitrogen (N) fertilization can optimize corn growth and increase grain yields. This study evaluated the effects of nitrogen topdressing rates and plant density levels on the agronomic performance of corn. The early hybrid DKB 240 YG, with high yield potential and stability, was evaluated in two summer crops in Mauá da Serra, Paraná (950 m asl), in a Cfb climate, on a Rhodic Eutrudox. The experiment was arranged in randomized complete blocks and subdivided plots with four replications. The plant densities (60,000; 75,000; 90,000 and 105,000 plants ha-1) were assessed in the plots and the nitrogen (ammonium nitrate 32% N) topdressing rates (0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 kg ha-1) in the subplots. The stem diameter, plant height, ear insertion height and grain yield were evaluated. The stem diameter, plant height, ear insertion height and grain yield were influenced by the interaction between plant density and nitrogen topdressing under the tested high-altitude edaphoclimatic conditions. The stem diameter of corn plants decreased due to the increase in plant density whereas nitrogen topdressing attenuated this reduction. Maximum plant height was observed at a density of 75,000 plants ha-1 associated with a topdressing of 169 kg ha-1 of N, and highest ear insertion at 60,000 plants ha-1 and 168 kg ha-1 of N. Corn yield was highest at a density of 105,000 plants ha-1 associated with a topdressing of 185 kg N ha-1 of N.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF IRRIGATION LEVELS AND PLANT DENSITY ON "SECOND-SEASON" MAIZE

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 665-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUIS HUMBERTO BAHÚ BEN ◽  
MARCIA XAVIER PEITER ◽  
ADROALDO DIAS ROBAINA ◽  
ANA RITA COSTENARO PARIZI ◽  
GIDEON UJACOV DA SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Irrigation Level ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Western Border ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Irrigation Levels

ABSTRACT This study assessed the effect of different irrigation levels and plant densities on maize crops cultivated during the second season in the Western Border region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul. This work was conducted at the Federal Institute of Farroupilha - Alegrete Campus/RS - between January and June 2014. Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized 5 × 4 factorial design, with 3 replicates each. Irrigation of fixed amounts of water that were based on the evapotranspiration of the culture (Etc): 0, 50, 75, 100, and 125% of Etc were applied at 5-day intervals. Four densities of plants were defined (4, 7, 10, and 13 plants m-2). We assessed number of maize ears per plant, number of grains per ear, aboveground dry matter, mass of 100 grains, harvest index, and grain productivity. The number of grains per ear, mass of 100 grains, and grain yield were influenced by irrigation levels. Plant density and water depth influenced the number of grains per ear, the mass of 100 grains, and grain productivity. The highest yield of winter maize grain was achieved with a combination of 13 plants per m-2 and an irrigation level of 100% of Etc. Specific densities of plants maximized the yield of maize at each irrigation level, demonstrating that choice of plant density is a critical variable in the second crop of maize, and significantly influences the components of production.

scholarly journals Yield of ‘Prata-Anã’ banana plants under water deficit and high plant density

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diogo Barreto Magalhães ◽  
Sérgio Luiz Rodrigues Donato ◽  
Marcelo Rocha dos Santos ◽  
Cleiton Fernando Barbosa Brito ◽  
Varley Andrade Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Irrigation Level ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
High Plant Density ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Production Cycles ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Irrigation Levels

Abstract Yield-improving and water-saving techniques assume great importance in the cultivation of banana plants under semiarid regions, prone to greater climate variability. The objective of this study was to evaluate yield and water-use efficiency (WUE) response of ‘Prata-Anã’ banana plants to combinations of plant densities and irrigation levels: three irrigation levels, 50, 75 and 100% crop evapotranspiration (ETc), and four plant densities, 1,666 (3.0 x 2.0 m), 2,083 (3.0 x 1.6 m), 2,666 (3.0 x 1.25 m) and 3,333 (3.0 x 1.0) plants ha-1, evaluated in two production cycles. The treatments were laid out in a randomized block design with four replicates. Increasing plant density up to 3,333 plants ha-1 induced reductions in number of leaves at harvest and some yield components; also, longer cycles, and increased yields were observed while maintaining fruit marketable size, regardless of the irrigation level used. Using an irrigation level at 50%ETc and a plant density of 3,333 plants ha-1 led to an increase in WUE of 313.92% in the first cycle and 295.27% in the second cycle compared with 1,666 plants ha-1 irrigated at 100% ETc. Higher yields and WUE can be achieved by using a plant population density of 3,333 plants ha-1 and irrigation levels below 100%ETc.

Giant foxtail (Setaria faberi) interference in nonirrigated corn (Zea mays)

Weed Science ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason C. Fausey ◽  
James J. Kells ◽  
Scott M. Swinton ◽  
Karen A. Renner
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Setaria Faberi ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Inflorescence Length

Studies were conducted at East Lansing, MI, in 1994 and 1995 to examine corn yield response to giant foxtail interference and to examine the effect of giant foxtail density on giant foxtail biomass, seed production, and seed germination. Treatments consisted of 0, 10, 30, 60, 84, and 98 giant foxtail plants m−1of row in 1994 and 0, 10, 27, 30, 60, and 69 plants m−1of row in 1995. The influence of giant foxtail density on corn yield fit a hyperbolic equation. Corn yields were reduced 13% in 1994 and 14% in 1995 from 10 giant foxtail plants m−1of row. Corn dry matter at maturity was decreased 24 and 23% from 10 giant foxtail plants m−1of row in 1994 and 1995, respectively. Giant foxtail seed production increased linearly as inflorescence length increased. The length of a single giant foxtail inflorescence increased as plant density increased and the number of inflorescence produced per plant decreased. Giant foxtail seed production ranged from 518 to 2,544 seeds per plant. Ten giant foxtail plants m−1of row produced 15,700 seeds m−2. Giant foxtail seed germination was not affected by plant density.

scholarly journals INTEGRAÇÃO DE PRÁTICAS PARA O MANEJO DE PLANTAS DANINHAS NA CULTURA DO MILHO

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvadi Antonio BALBINOT JUNIOR ◽  
Gilcimar Adriano VOGT ◽  
Michelangelo Muzell TREZZI
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Narrow Row

As práticas de manejo do solo e de culturas podem afetar diretamente a infestação de plantas daninhas na cultura do milho. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da integração de práticas culturais e químicas na infestação de plantas daninhas e na produtividade da cultura do milho. Foi conduzido um experimento em Papanduva, SC, em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições e parcelas subdivididas. Nas parcelas foram avaliados dois sistemas de manejo cultural de plantas daninhas: S1 (cultivo de consórcio de espécies para cobertura do solo no inverno, uso de sementes de milho com elevada massa e espaçamento entre fileiras de 0,45 m) e S2 (pousio no inverno, uso de sementes de milho com baixa massa e espaçamento entre fileiras de 0,90 m). Nas subparcelas foram avaliadas quatro estratégias de controle de plantas daninhas no milho (sem controle, atrazine, atrazine+mesotrione e capina). Avaliaram-se a quantidade de palha no momento da semeadura do milho, a velocidade de decomposição da palha, a densidade e a massa seca da parte aérea de plantas daninhas e o desempenho da cultura de milho. O uso de práticas culturais para o manejo de plantas daninhas promoveu redução da infestação dessas plantas na cultura de milho, além de aumentar a produtividade da cultura. A aplicação de atrazine + mesotrione proporcionou melhor controle de plantas daninhas e maior produtividade de grãos em relação à aplicação isolada de atrazine. ABSTRACT Soil and crop management can affect the weed population in corn. The experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of cultural and chemical management practices on weed infestation and corn yield. The experiment was carried out in Papanduva, SC, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized complete blocks with three replications in a split-plot arrangement. In plots were evaluated two cultural weed management systems: S1 (multicropping of winter cover crops, corn seeds with high weight and narrow row of 0.45 m) and S2 (winter fallow, corn seeds with low weight and narrow row of 0.90 m). In subplots were evaluated four weed control strategies (no-control, atrazine, atrazine + mesotrione and weeding). The parameters evaluated were the straw quantity, residue decomposition, weed plant density and shoot dry mass and corn performance. The use of cultural weed management practices reduced the weed infestation on corn and improved the crop yield. The association of atrazine + mesotrione herbicides showed more efficient weed control than atrazine.

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