scholarly journals Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer/Crude Gossypol Compositions as Pour Point Depressants for Waxy Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Bekaidar T. Marenov ◽  
Kazim S. Nadirov ◽  
Manap K. Zhantasov ◽  
Rashid K. Nadirov
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Wax Deposition ◽  
Chemical Additives ◽  
Polar Groups ◽  
Pour Point Depressants ◽  
Acetate Copolymer

Wax deposition from crude oil that blocks the pipeline and increases the viscosity of the fluid is considered as a serious challenge for petroleum transportation. Employment of chemical additives, the so-called pour point depressants (PPDs), is widely used to solve this problem. Among them are the ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymers (EVAc), containing a polyethylene segment along the backbone with vinyl acetate. To improve the performance of EVAc as PPD, the compositions of this polymer with crude gossypol (CG), isolated from the refined cottonseed oil soapstock, were prepared by joint milling in a ball mill. Prepared compositions were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), ultraviolet (UV), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The pour point and viscosity of the crude oil from the Akshabulak oil field (Kazakhstan) were studied. The compositions with 10, 20, and 25 wt% of CG demonstrate better efficiency as PPD for crude oil than EVAc at the dosage of PPD of 50, 100, 250, and 500 ppm. The improved properties of the obtained PPD in comparison with the commercial EVAc is explained by the appearance of additional nonpolar and polar groups caused by the formation of the EVAc/CG composition.

scholarly journals A REVIEW OF VARIOUS POUR POINT DEPRESSANTS USED FOR FLOW ASSURANCE IN OIL INDUSTRIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaurav Himanta Khaklari ◽  
Prasenjit Talukdar
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Flow Assurance ◽  
Wax Deposition ◽  
Chemical Additives ◽  
Point Depressant ◽  
Pour Point Depressants ◽  
End Use ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Crude oil needs to be transported from oil wells to refinery and storage facilities in one form or another to ultimately become end use products. After the successful extraction of oil from the ground it is mostly transported through pipelines where the crude oil experiences various changes in its physical and chemical properties. These rheological changes may cause numerous flow assurance problems such as wax and paraffin deposition which ultimately restricts the flow of oil. Chemical additives such as Pour Point depressants (PPDs) are used in this case for the efficient transportation of crude oil by lowering the Wax Deposition Temperature (WAT). Hence, in order to enhance the knowledge about PPDs, the mechanism of various types of Pour Point Depressant for aiding the flow of crude oil while transportation were discussed in this paper.

scholarly journals Study the rheological properties of waxy oil with modified pour point depressants for the South Turgai oil field in Kazakhstan

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.S. Kozhabekov ◽  
A.A. Zhubanov ◽  
Zh. Toktarbay
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
The South ◽  
Waxy Oil ◽  
Pour Point Depressants ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Eva Copolymer

This work describes the performance of poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) copolymer and modified poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA-M) as pour point reducer. Commercially available EVA copolymer modified with sodium hydroxide in methanol. Partially hydrolyzed EVA was obtained and Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) analysis of the modified EVA was recorded. The modified and unmodified EVA was used to crude oil of South Turgai, Kazakhstan, in order to improve the flowability of the crude oil. According to the rheological behavior of oils in the South Turgai, the findings showed that modified EVA lowered the dynamic viscosity greater compared to unmodified EVA and heat treatment. Dynamic viscosities and yield points of different oils with various temperatures with using EVA and EVA-M were studied systematically. Finally microphotograph of crystal structures two oils with using EVA and EVA-M, under same conditions, were compared and discussed.

scholarly journals The influence of palm oil additives on the pour point and wax deposition tendencies of Chenor crude oil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thevaruban Ragunathan ◽  
Colin D. Wood ◽  
Hazlina Husin
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Molecular Diffusion ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Synthetic Fatty Acid ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Wax Deposition

AbstractOne of the major concerns during the production of crude oil especially in tropical waters is the deposition of wax on to the walls of the pipeline. This is due to the low seabed temperatures which can be below the wax appearance temperature (WAT) which leads to wax depositing out through molecular diffusion. Currently, there are many methods to prevent and remedy wax deposition but most of these solutions pose a serious environmental threat and are expensive to produce. Hence, this research investigated the use of an organic and cheaper alternative by utilizing synthetic fatty acid esters such as oleic acid which has shown promising results in reducing the pour point of waxy crude oils. The solution that was used was of palm oil origin, crude palm oil (CPO) and crude palm kernel oil (CPKO) and was subsequently compared with the pour point depressant and wax inhibition efficiency of the current industry used inhibitors utilizing the SETA Pour Point and Cloud Point as well as the cold finger apparatus. It was observed that the palm oil inhibitors were highly effective at 1 wt.% due to the high composition of oleic acid present portraying a similar result to Triethanolamine (TEA) while Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) performed best at low concentration of 0.1 wt.% but deteriorates significantly as the concentration increases due to the polar end agglomerating among itself.

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