scholarly journals An Overview of Lipid Metabolism and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Pei ◽  
Ting Gui ◽  
Dongfang Kan ◽  
Huichao Feng ◽  
Yanqiang Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Hepatic Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Acid Accumulation ◽  
Acid Accumulation ◽  
Lipid Abnormalities

The occurrence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with major abnormalities of hepatic lipid metabolism. We propose that lipid abnormalities directly or indirectly contribute to NAFLD, especially fatty acid accumulation, arachidonic acid metabolic disturbance, and ceramide overload. The effects of lipid intake and accumulation on NAFLD and NAFLD treatment are explained with theoretical and experimental details. Overall, these findings provide further understanding of lipid metabolism in NAFLD and may lead to novel therapies.

scholarly journals Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Pathogenesis and Therapeutics from a Mitochondria-Centric Perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron M. Gusdon ◽  
Ke-xiu Song ◽  
Shen Qu
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Beta Oxidation ◽  
Hepatic Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Hepatic Lipid

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) describes a spectrum of disorders characterized by the accumulation of triglycerides within the liver. The global prevalence of NAFLD has been increasing as the obesity epidemic shows no sign of relenting. Mitochondria play a central role in hepatic lipid metabolism and also are affected by upstream signaling pathways involved in hepatic metabolism. This review will focus on the role of mitochondria in the pathophysiology of NAFLD and touch on some of the therapeutic approaches targeting mitochondria as well as metabolically important signaling pathways. Mitochondria are able to adapt to lipid accumulation in hepatocytes by increasing rates of beta-oxidation; however increased substrate delivery to the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) leads to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and eventually ETC dysfunction. Decreased ETC function combined with increased rates of fatty acid beta-oxidation leads to the accumulation of incomplete products of beta-oxidation, which combined with increased levels of ROS contribute to insulin resistance. Several related signaling pathways, nuclear receptors, and transcription factors also regulate hepatic lipid metabolism, many of which are redox sensitive and regulated by ROS.

scholarly journals Nutrition and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: The Significance of Cholesterol

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Munechika Enjoji ◽  
Kenichiro Yasutake ◽  
Motoyuki Kohjima ◽  
Makoto Nakamuta
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Hepatic Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
The Impact

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver disease that ranges in severity from simple steatosis to cirrhosis. NAFLD is considered to be associated with hepatic metabolic disorders, resulting in overaccumulation of fatty acids/triglycerides and cholesterol. The pathogenesis and progression of NAFLD are generally explained by the “two-hit theory.” Most studies of lipid metabolism in the NAFLD liver have focused on the metabolism of fatty acids/triglycerides; therefore, the impact of cholesterol metabolism is still ambiguous. In this paper, we review recent studies on NAFLD from the viewpoint of hepatic lipid metabolism-associated factors and discuss the impact of disordered cholesterol metabolism in the etiology of NAFLD. The clinical significance of managing cholesterol metabolism, an option for the treatment of NAFLD, is also discussed.

scholarly journals Roles of IκB kinases and TANK-binding kinase 1 in hepatic lipid metabolism and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Young Huh ◽  
Alan R. Saltiel
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Hepatic Inflammation ◽  
Hepatic Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Hepatic Lipid ◽  
Iκb Kinase

AbstractNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease and is strongly associated with obesity-related ectopic fat accumulation in the liver. Hepatic lipid accumulation encompasses a histological spectrum ranging from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Given that dysregulated hepatic lipid metabolism may be an onset factor in NAFLD, understanding how hepatic lipid metabolism is modulated in healthy subjects and which steps are dysregulated in NAFLD subjects is crucial to identify effective therapeutic targets. Additionally, hepatic inflammation is involved in chronic hepatocyte damage during NAFLD progression. As a key immune signaling hub that mediates NF-κB activation, the IκB kinase (IKK) complex, including IKKα, IKKβ, and IKKγ (NEMO), has been studied as a crucial regulator of the hepatic inflammatory response and hepatocyte survival. Notably, TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), an IKK-related kinase, has recently been revealed as a potential link between hepatic inflammation and energy metabolism. Here, we review (1) the biochemical steps of hepatic lipid metabolism; (2) dysregulated lipid metabolism in obesity and NAFLD; and (3) the roles of IKKs and TBK1 in obesity and NAFLD.

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