scholarly journals Light Speed Invariant Solution and Its Enlightenment of Field Equation of General Relativity

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Jian Liang Yang
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Field Equation ◽  
Invariant Solution ◽  
Field Approximation ◽  
Weak Field ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Precession Angle ◽  
Energy Field ◽  
Light Speed

A systematic examination of the basic theory of general relativity is made, the meaning of coordinates again is emphasized, the confusion caused by unclear meaning of coordinates in the past is corrected, and the expression of the theory is made more accurate. Firstly, the equation of Einstein’s gravitational field is solved in the usual coordinate system, the existence of light speed invariant solution in the spherically symmetric gravitational field is proved, and in the same time, the solution is determined. It turns out that black holes are not an inevitable prediction of general relativity. The more exact formulas for calculating the curvature of light on the surface of the Sun and the precession angle of the orbit of Mercury are given, and the convergence of general relativistic gravity and special relativistic mechanics under the weak field approximation is realized. Finally, it is shown that the coupling coefficient of the gravitational field equation is not unique. Modifying this coefficient is an ideal project to eliminate the singularities of general relativity on the condition keeping the field equation concise and elegant, and moreover, it reveals that dark matter and dark energy are the negative energy field in the matter, the expansion of the universe is the appearance of the gradual formation of galaxies in accordance with fractal rules, not only the space between galaxies is expanding but also the galaxies themselves are also expanding, new matter is continuously generated in the celestial bodies, for the first time, the unity of fractal geometry and cosmic dynamics of general relativity is realized, and the formation and evolution of galaxies are brought into the fractal generation mode. This is a living and vivacious universe in which all aspects are gradually strengthening, in sharp contrast to the dying universe under the current cosmological framework.

scholarly journals The Light Speed Invariant Solution of the Field Equation of General Relativity

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
General Relativity ◽  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Field Equation ◽  
Galaxy Formation ◽  
Invariant Solution ◽  
Generation Model ◽  
Precession Angle ◽  
Celestial Bodies ◽  
Expansion Of The Universe

The fundamental concepts of general relativity are systematically rearranged. Firstly, the equations of Einstein’s gravitational field are solved in the usual sphere coordinate system, and the existence of the invariant solution of the speed of light in the spherically symmetric gravitational field is proved, also determine the solution. It is revealed that black holes are not the inevitable prediction of general relativity. Black holes do not exist, and the so-called gravitational waves sent by black holes need to be explained in other ways. Correcting the conceptual confusion caused by unclear radial coordinates in the past, two more accurate formulas for calculating the curvature of light on the surface of the sun and the precession angle of the orbit of Mercury are given. Finally, discuss that the coupling constant of the gravitational field equation needs to be modified, which is a shortcut to eliminate various singularities of general relativity. It is proved that the celestial bodies and galaxies expand with the expansion of the universe, and new matter is generated continuously in the celestial bodies, which provides a theoretical basis for the fractal generation model of galaxy formation.

scholarly journals Modification of Gravitational Field Equation due to Invariance of Light Speed and New System of Universe Evolution

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Jian Liang Yang
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Field Equation ◽  
Invariant Solution ◽  
Inertial Mass ◽  
Gravitational Field Equation ◽  
Light Speed ◽  
Planetary Orbits ◽  
Celestial Bodies ◽  
The Universe

We make a systematic examination of the basic theory of general relativity and reemphasize the meaning of coordinates. Firstly, we prove that Einsteinʼs gravitational field equation has the light speed invariant solution and black holes are not an inevitable prediction of general relativity. Second, we show that the coupling coefficient of the gravitational field equation is not unique and can be modified as 4 π G to replace the previous − 8 π G , distinguish gravitational mass from the inertial mass, and prove that dark matter and dark energy are not certain existence and the expansion and contraction of the universe are proven cyclic, and a new distance-redshift relation which is more practical is derived. After that, we show that galaxies and celestial bodies are formed by gradual growth rather than by the accumulation of existing matter and prove that new matter is generating gradually in the interior of celestial bodies. For example, the radius of the Earth increases by 0.5 mm every year, and its mass increases by 1.2 trillion tons. A more reasonable derivation of the precession of planetary orbits is given, and the evolution equation of planetary orbits in the expanding space-time is also given. In a word, an alive universe unfolds in front of readers and the current cosmological difficulties are given new interpretations.

scholarly journals An Experiment to Test the Gravitational Aharonov-Bohm Effect

1994 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vu B Ho ◽  
Michael J Morgan
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Quantum Interference ◽  
Field Approximation ◽  
Weak Field ◽  
Matter Wave ◽  
Interference Effects ◽  
Weak Field Approximation ◽  
Bohm Effect ◽  
Aharonov Bohm

The gravitational Aharonov-Bohm (AB) effect is examined in the weak-field approximation to general relativity. In analogy with the electromagnetic AB effect, we find that a gravitoelectromagnetic 4-vector potential gives rise to interference effects. A matter wave interferometry experiment, based on a modification of the gravity-induced quantum interference experiment of Colella, Overhauser and Werner (COW), is proposed to explicitly test the gravitoelectric version of the AB effect in a uniform gravitational field.

GRAVITATIONAL FARADAY EFFECT INDUCED BY HIGH-POWER LASERS

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (08) ◽  
pp. 597-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
PEIYONG JI ◽  
HUA ZHOU ◽  
H. Q. LU
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Wave ◽  
Gravitational Field ◽  
High Power ◽  
Faraday Effect ◽  
Rotation Angle ◽  
Einstein Field Equation ◽  
Polarization Plane ◽  
Field Approximation ◽  
Weak Field ◽  
Power Laser

Gravitational field produced by high-power laser is calculated according to the linearized Einstein field equation in weak field approximation. Gravitational Faraday effect of electromagnetic wave propagating in the above gravitational field is studied and the rotation angle of polarization plane of electromagnetic wave is derived. The result is discussed and estimated in the condition of present experimental facility.

scholarly journals Gravitational waves on Earth and their warming effects

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
Horia DUMITRESCU ◽  
Vladimir CARDOS ◽  
Radu BOGATEANU
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Field Equation ◽  
Gravity Field ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Time Structure ◽  
Constant Light ◽  
Curved Space ◽  
Light Speed ◽  
Space Time Structure ◽  
Tensor Formulation

The gravity or reactive bundle energy is the outlet of the morphogenetic impact, known as “BIG BANG”, creating a bounded ordered/structured universe along with the solar system, including the EARTH-world with its human race. Post-impact, the huge kinetic energy is spread into stellar bodies associated with the light flux under strong mutual connections or gravitational bundle. Einstein’s general relativity theory including the gravitational field can be expressed under a condensed tensor formulation as E  R − Rg =  T where E defines the geometry via a curved space-time structure (R) over the gravity field (1/2Rg), embedded in a matter distribution T The fundamental (ten non-linear partial differential) equations of the gravitational field are a kind of the space-time machine using the curvature of a four-dimensional space-time to engender the gravity field carrying away material structures. Gravity according to the curved space-time theory is not seen as a gravitational force, but it manifests itself in the relativistic form of the space-time curvature needing the constancy of the light speed. But the constant light velocity makes the tidal wave/pulsating energy, a characteristic of solar energy, impossible. The Einstein’s field equation, expressed in terms of tensor formulation along with the constant light speed postulate, needs two special space-time tensors (curvature and torsion) in 4 dimensions, where for the simplicity the torsion/twist tensor is less well approximated (Bianchi identity) leading to a constant/frozen gravity (twist-free gravity).The non-zero torsion tensor plays a significant physical role in the planetary dynamics as a finest gear of a planet, where its spinning rotation is directly connected to the own work and space-time structure (or clock), controlled by light fluctuations (or tidal effect of gravity). The spin correction of Einstein’s gravitational field refers to the curvature-torsion effect coupled with fluctuating light speed. The mutual curvature-torsion bundle self-sustained by the quantum fluctuations of light speed engenders helical gravitational wave fields of a quantum nature where bodies orbit freely in the light speed field (cosmic wind). In contrast to the Einstein’s field equation describing a gravitational frozen field, a quantum tidal gravity model is proposed in the paper.

Field Equation of Nonlocal Gravity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahram Mashhoon
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Dark Matter ◽  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Field Equation ◽  
Abelian Group ◽  
Gravitational Field Equation ◽  
Differential Field ◽  
Einstein's Equation ◽  
Future Theory ◽  
World Function

In extended general relativity (GR), Einstein’s field equation of GR can be expressed in terms of torsion and this leads to the teleparallel equivalent of GR, namely, GR||, which turns out to be the gauge theory of the Abelian group of spacetime translations. The structure of this theory resembles Maxwell’s electrodynamics. We use this analogy and the world function to develop a nonlocal GR|| via the introduction of a causal scalar constitutive kernel. It is possible to express the nonlocal gravitational field equation as modified Einstein’s equation. In this nonlocal gravity (NLG) theory, the gravitational field is local, but satisfies a partial integro-differential field equation. The field equation of NLG can be expressed as Einstein’s field equation with an extra source that has the interpretation of the effective dark matter. It is possible that the kernel of NLG, which is largely undetermined, could be derived from a more general future theory.

scholarly journals Gravitational Paramagnetism, Diamagnetism and Gravitational Superconductivity

1996 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 1063 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Agop ◽  
C Gh Buzea ◽  
V Griga ◽  
C Ciubotariu ◽  
C Buzea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Meissner Effect ◽  
Field Approximation ◽  
Weak Field ◽  
Gauge Model ◽  
Closed Geodesics ◽  
Field Equations ◽  
Gravitational Field Equations ◽  
Weak Field Approximation ◽  
Superconducting Parameters

In the weak field approximation to the gravitational field equations, we study gravitational paramagnetism and diamagnetism, the gravitational Meissner effect and gravitational superconductivity. The spontaneous symmetry breaking corresponds to crossing from closed geodesics to open ones, and to the existence of a critical temperature in the frame of a gauge model at finite temperature. In this later case one can obtain expressions giving the dependence of several superconducting parameters on temperature.

Linearized General Relativity

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-55
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Steane
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Perturbation Theory ◽  
Wave Equation ◽  
Field Equation ◽  
Gauge Transformation ◽  
Weak Field ◽  
Order Perturbation ◽  
Lorenz Gauge ◽  
Huge Variety ◽  
First Order Perturbation

A complete theory of weak-field gravity is described: the linearized approximation. This is a form of first-order perturbation theory. The concept of a gauge transformation, as applied to the curvature tensor and the field equation, is explained, and it is shown how to reduce the field equation to a wave equation in the Lorenz gauge (under the linear approximation). Thus a huge variety of gravitational calculations become accessible.

scholarly journals Quasi-uniform gravitational field of a disk revisited

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (33) ◽  
pp. 1950228
Author(s):  
Alexander J. Silenko ◽  
Yury A. Tsalkou
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Equivalence Principle ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Field Approximation ◽  
Weak Field ◽  
Riemann Tensor ◽  
Weak Field Approximation

We calculate the quasi-uniform gravitational field of a disk in the weak-field approximation and demonstrate an inappropriateness of preceding results. The Riemann tensor of this field is determined. The nonexistence of the uniform gravitational field is proven without the use of the weak-field approximation. The previously found difference between equations of motion for the momentum and spin in the accelerated frame and in the quasi-uniform gravitational field also takes place for the disk. However, it does not violate the Einstein equivalence principle because of the nonexistence of the uniform gravitational field.

scholarly journals GRAVITATIONAL FIELD OF A GLOBAL MONOPOLE IN A MODIFIED GRAVITY

2011 ◽  
Vol 03 ◽  
pp. 446-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. P. CARAMÊS ◽  
E. R. BEZERRA DE MELLO ◽  
M. E. X. GUIMARÃES
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Modified Gravity ◽  
Field Approximation ◽  
Weak Field ◽  
Symmetric System ◽  
Radial Coordinate ◽  
Spherically Symmetric ◽  
Global Monopole ◽  
Field Equations ◽  
Metric Tensor

In this paper we analyze the gravitational field of a global monopole in the context of f(R) gravity. More precisely, we show that the field equations obtained are expressed in terms of [Formula: see text]. Since we are dealing with a spherically symmetric system, we assume that F(R) is a function of the radial coordinate only. Moreover, adopting the weak field approximation, we can provide all components of the metric tensor. A comparison with the corresponding results obtained in General Relativity and in the Brans-Dicke theory is also made.

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