scholarly journals Pigment Identification of Ancient Wall Paintings Based on a Visible Spectral Image

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Junfeng Li ◽  
Dehong Xie ◽  
Miaoxin Li ◽  
Shiwei Liu ◽  
Chun’ao Wei
Keyword(s):  
Multispectral Imaging ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Reference Sample ◽  
Feature Space ◽  
Reference Database ◽  
Wall Paintings ◽  
Segmentation Method ◽  
Spectral Image ◽  
Pigment Identification ◽  
Superpixel Segmentation

Many ancient wall paintings are confronted with the threat of irreversible damages and in urgent requirement of restoration. This work provides the superpixel segmentation method and pigment identification method for the visible spectral image of ancient wall paintings to guide the scientific restoration of the paintings. The superpixel segmentation method for the visible spectral image is an extension of SLIC (Simple Linear Iterative Clustering) for the RGB image by redefining the feature of the visible spectral image. It can extract the outline of wall paintings and limit the pigment filling area in restoration of wall paintings. 44 kinds of commonly used pigments with size variations are selected to construct a visible spectral reference database for pigment identification. The pigment used in each superpixel is identified by searching the database in a specifically constructed feature space to find the nearest reference sample. This can provide guidance to pigment selection in restoration of wall paintings. At last, the methods are validated using the visible spectral image captured from Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang by using a multispectral imaging system.

scholarly journals Color Accuracy-Guided Data Reduction for Practical LED-based Multispectral Imaging

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Olivia Kuzio ◽  
Susan Farnand
Keyword(s):  
Multispectral Imaging ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Optimal Combination ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Spectral Image ◽  
Image Capture ◽  
Spectral Bands ◽  
Color Profile ◽  
Imaging Strategy ◽  
Optimal Set

The color accuracy of an LED-based multispectral imaging strategy has been evaluated with respect to the number of spectral bands used to build a color profile and render the final image. Images were captured under select illumination conditions provided by 10-channel LED light sources. First, the imaging system was characterized in its full 10-band capacity, in which an image was captured under illumination by each of the 10 LEDs in turn, and the full set used to derive a system profile. Then, the system was characterized in increasingly reduced capacities, obtained by reducing the number of bands in two ways. In one approach, image bands were systematically removed from the full 10-band set. In the other, images were captured under illumination by groups of several of the LEDs at once. For both approaches, the system was characterized using different combinations of image bands until the optimal set, giving the highest color accuracy, was determined when a total of only 9, 8, 7, or 6 bands was used to derive the profile. The results indicate that color accuracy is nearly equivalent when rendering images based on the optimal combination of anywhere from 6 to 10 spectral bands, and is maintained at a higher level than that of conventional RGB imaging. This information is a first step toward informing the development of practical LED-based multispectral imaging strategies that make spectral image capture simpler and more efficient for heritage digitization workflows.

scholarly journals Superpixel Segmentation Based on Anisotropic Edge Strength

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Wang ◽  
Bernard De Baets
Keyword(s):  
Distance Measure ◽  
Saliency Detection ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Segmentation Method ◽  
Superpixel Segmentation ◽  
Gaussian Kernels ◽  
First Derivative ◽  
Edge Strength

Superpixel segmentation can benefit from the use of an appropriate method to measure edge strength. In this paper, we present such a method based on the first derivative of anisotropic Gaussian kernels. The kernels can capture the position, direction, prominence, and scale of the edge to be detected. We incorporate the anisotropic edge strength into the distance measure between neighboring superpixels, thereby improving the performance of an existing graph-based superpixel segmentation method. Experimental results validate the superiority of our method in generating superpixels over the competing methods. It is also illustrated that the proposed superpixel segmentation method can facilitate subsequent saliency detection.

747 Evaluation of immune microenvironment of primary lung cancer and synchronous liver metastasis with multispectral imaging system

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A795-A795
Author(s):  
Hyeonbin Cho ◽  
Jae-Hwan Kim ◽  
Ji-Hyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Liver Metastasis ◽  
Multispectral Imaging ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Cytotoxic T Cells ◽  
Primary Lung Cancer ◽  
Helper T Cells ◽  
Synchronous Liver Metastasis ◽  
Immune Microenvironment

BackgroundCancer immunotherapy (CIT) has substantially improved the survival of cancer patients. However, according to recent studies, liver metastasis was reported to predict worse outcomes for CIT. The main objective of the study is to evaluate the differences in the immune microenvironment (IME) between the primary lung cancer (PL) and synchronous liver metastasis (LM) using a multispectral imaging system.MethodsSix immune markers (CD4, CD8, CTLA-4, granzyme B (GZB), Foxp3 and PD-L1) were analyzed using a multiplex IHC system and inForm program (Akoya) on paired lung-liver samples of 10 patients. Cells were categorized into tumor nest and stroma, and cell counts per unit area were measured for comparison.ResultsThe number of tumor-infiltrating cytotoxic T cells (TIL) in PL (262.5 cells/mm2) was higher than that of LM (113.3 cells/mm2). Additionally, the ratio between the number of TIL and non-TIL was greater in PL (0.31) compared to that of LM (0.26). A similar trend appeared for Helper T cells and regulatory T cells (Treg), as PL consisted of higher numbers of T cells (791.8 Helper T cells/mm2, 195.7 Treg/mm2) than LM (626.3 Helper T cells/mm2, 121.3 Treg/mm2). However, cytotoxic T cells exhibiting GZB+ and CTLA-4- were fewer in PL (140.2 cells/mm2) than in LM (203.3 cells/mm2), and the ratio is 0.69. The mean number of GZB+ TIL in PL (32.5 cells/mm2) was lower than in LM (35.3 cells/mm2), and their proportions among total TIL counts were 0.12 and 0.31, respectively. In PL, GZB+: GZB- ratio is 0.16 while the ratio is 1.91 for LM. A fewer number of TILs exhibiting GZB suggests that PL has lower efficiency in immune response than LM. Another crucial checkpoint receptor that inhibits immune response, CTLA-4, was more prevalent in PL, with CTLA-4+: CTLA-4- ratio in Treg being 0.36 in PL, compared to 0.11 in LM. The tumor proportion score (TPS) of PD-L1 was higher in PL than LM (40.0 vs. 6.6).ConclusionsIn our study, we showed the differences in the numbers of TIL or regulatory T cells and expressions of immune checkpoint receptors (PD-L1, CTLA-4), which significantly influence outcomes for CIT. The study is ongoing to confirm different IME between the PL and LM groups in a larger tumor cohort.ReferencesPeng, Jianhong, et al., Immune Cell Infiltration in the Microenvironment of Liver Oligometastasis from Colorectal Cancer: Intratumoural CD8/CD3 Ratio Is a Valuable Prognostic Index for Patients Undergoing Liver Metastasectomy. Cancers 2019 Dec; 11(12): 1922. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11121922Tumeh, Paul C., et al., Liver Metastasis and treatment outcome with Anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody in patients with melanoma and NSCLC. Cancer Immunol Res 2017 May; 5(5): 417–424. doi: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-16-0325Parra, E.R., Immune Cell Profiling in Cancer Using Multiplex Immunofluorescence and Digital Analysis Approaches; Streckfus, C.F., Ed.; IntechOpen: London, UK, 2018; pp. 1–13. doi: 10.5772/intechopen.80380Ribas, A., Hu-Lieskovan, S., What does PD-L1 positive or negative mean?. The Journal of Experimental Medicine 2016;213(13):2835–2840. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20161462

scholarly journals Optimized Method for Mapping Inorganic Pigments by Means of Multispectral Imaging Combined with Hyperspectral Spectroscopy for the Study of Vincenzo Pasqualoni’s Wall Painting at the Basilica of S. Nicola in Carcere in Rome

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 839
Author(s):  
Lucilla Pronti ◽  
Giuseppe Capobianco ◽  
Margherita Vendittelli ◽  
Anna Candida Felici ◽  
Silvia Serranti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multispectral Imaging ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Wall Painting ◽  
High Spectral Resolution ◽  
Spectral Difference ◽  
Color Palette ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Nir Reflectance Spectroscopy

Multispectral imaging is a preliminary screening technique for the study of paintings. Although it permits the identification of several mineral pigments by their spectral behavior, it is considered less performing concerning hyperspectral imaging, since a limited number of wavelengths are selected. In this work, we propose an optimized method to map the distribution of the mineral pigments used by Vincenzo Pasqualoni for his wall painting placed at the Basilica of S. Nicola in Carcere in Rome, combining UV/VIS/NIR reflectance spectroscopy and multispectral imaging. The first method (UV/VIS/NIR reflectance spectroscopy) allowed us to characterize pigment layers with a high spectral resolution; the second method (UV/VIS/NIR multispectral imaging) permitted the evaluation of the pigment distribution by utilizing a restricted number of wavelengths. Combining the results obtained from both devices was possible to obtain a distribution map of a pictorial layer with a high accuracy level of pigment recognition. The method involved the joint use of point-by-point hyperspectral spectroscopy and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to identify the pigments in the color palette and evaluate the possibility to discriminate all the pigments recognized, using a minor number of wavelengths acquired through the multispectral imaging system. Finally, the distribution and the spectral difference of the different pigments recognized in the multispectral images, (in this case: red ochre, yellow ochre, orpiment, cobalt blue-based pigments, ultramarine and chrome green) were shown through PCA false-color images.

scholarly journals Characterizing the Tumor Immune Microenvironment with Tyramide-Based Multiplex Immunofluorescence

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-432
Author(s):  
Hidetoshi Mori ◽  
Jennifer Bolen ◽  
Louis Schuetter ◽  
Pierre Massion ◽  
Clifford C. Hoyt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Multispectral Imaging ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Immune Microenvironment ◽  
Tumor Immune Microenvironment ◽  
Manual Processing ◽  
Cell Densities ◽  
Immune Profiling

AbstractMultiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) allows simultaneous antibody-based detection of multiple markers with a nuclear counterstain on a single tissue section. Recent studies have demonstrated that mIF is becoming an important tool for immune profiling the tumor microenvironment, further advancing our understanding of the interplay between cancer and the immune system, and identifying predictive biomarkers of response to immunotherapy. Expediting mIF discoveries is leading to improved diagnostic panels, whereas it is important that mIF protocols be standardized to facilitate their transition into clinical use. Manual processing of sections for mIF is time consuming and a potential source of variability across numerous samples. To increase reproducibility and throughput we demonstrate the use of an automated slide stainer for mIF incorporating tyramide signal amplification (TSA). We describe two panels aimed at characterizing the tumor immune microenvironment. Panel 1 included CD3, CD20, CD117, FOXP3, Ki67, pancytokeratins (CK), and DAPI, and Panel 2 included CD3, CD8, CD68, PD-1, PD-L1, CK, and DAPI. Primary antibodies were first tested by standard immunohistochemistry and single-plex IF, then multiplex panels were developed and images were obtained using a Vectra 3.0 multispectral imaging system. Various methods for image analysis (identifying cell types, determining cell densities, characterizing cell-cell associations) are outlined. These mIF protocols will be invaluable tools for immune profiling the tumor microenvironment.

Development of a Controller Unit for Multispectral Imaging System

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mate Koba ◽  
Attila Trohak ◽  
Norbert Zajzon ◽  
Richard Zoltan Papp ◽  
Marton L. Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Multispectral Imaging ◽  
Imaging System

Effects of Single Wavelength Selection for Anisakid Roundworm Larvae Detection through Multispectral Imaging

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 1890-1895 ◽  
Author(s):  
SVEIN K. STORMO ◽  
AGNAR H. SIVERTSEN ◽  
KARSTEN HEIA ◽  
HEIDI NILSEN ◽  
EDEL ELVEVOLL
Keyword(s):  
Light Scattering ◽  
Multispectral Imaging ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Imaging Spectroscopy ◽  
Fish Muscle ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Spectral Image ◽  
Nematode Parasites ◽  
Food Quality And Safety ◽  
Commercially Important

The occurrence of parasites in fillets of commercially important fish species affects both food quality and safety. Presently, the detection and removal of nematode parasites is done by inspection on a light table (candling) and manual trimming of the fillets. This operation is costly and time-consuming and is not effective for detecting and removing all the nematodes in the fillets. In the last decades, several alternative methods have been proposed, but these methods have failed to replace the candling method. A newly described method called imaging spectroscopy has produced promising results because the operator can record both spectral and spatial information from an object. In this work, we studied single-wavelength bands from a spectral image. Discrimination between nematodes and other objects in the fillets is dependent on the level of contrast. Quantification of the contrast in such images revealed that the level of contrast varied when different wavelengths were selected, and these variations are correlated with the absorption properties of the nematode. Visible light scatters greatly in fish muscle, generally complicating the detection of nematodes. In this study, light scattering was used in a way that reduces the background complexity in spectral images. When light scattering properties were used in a wavelength range different from the bulk of the nematode light absorption, spectral images with significantly higher contrast were produced.

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