scholarly journals Carious Lesion Severity Induces Higher Antioxidant System Activity and Consequently Reduces Oxidative Damage in Children’s Saliva

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Heitor Ceolin Araujo ◽  
Ana Cláudia Melo Stevanato Nakamune ◽  
Wilson Galhego Garcia ◽  
Juliano Pelim Pessan ◽  
Cristina Antoniali
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
System Activity ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidant ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Salivary Biomarkers ◽  
Carious Lesions

Oxidative stress biomarkers can be found at detectable concentrations in saliva. These salivary biomarkers reflect specific oxidation pathways associated with caries and periodontitis. Our study evaluated the influence of dental caries severity (assessed using the ICCMS™ criteria) on the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers in saliva from children. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected from patients (from one to three years old) in a day care center in Birigui, SP, Brazil, two hours after fasting. Children were divided into four groups (n=30/group), according to caries severity: caries free (group A), early carious lesions (group B), moderate carious lesions (group C), and advanced carious lesions (group D). The following salivary biomarkers were determined: total proteins (TP), measured by the Lowry method; oxidative damage, measured by the TBARS method; total antioxidant capacity (TAC); superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymatic antioxidant activity; and uric acid (UA) non-enzymatic antioxidant activity. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test, Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients, and multivariable linear regression (p<0.05). TP, TAC, SOD enzymatic antioxidant activity, and UA non-enzymatic antioxidant activity increased with caries severity, consequently reducing salivary oxidative damage. It was concluded that higher caries severity increases salivary antioxidant system activity, with consequent reduction in salivary oxidative damage.

Antioxidant Activity In vivo and Ex Vivo of Tautomeric Pair of Polyprenylated Benzophenone - Garcinielliptone FC (Platonia insignis Mart Seeds)

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-293
Author(s):  
George Laylson da Silva Oliveira ◽  
Maria das Dores Alves de Oliveira ◽  
Maria da Conceição Oliveira Prado ◽  
Alexandre de Barros Falcão Ferraz ◽  
José Carlos Correia Lima da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Iron Citrate

Background: Garcinielliptone FC corresponds to a polyprenylated acylphloroglucinol having a benzophenonic core (diphenylmethanone) substituted with isoprenyl(s) group(s) (3-methyl-2-butenyl) and 2-isopropenyl-hex-5-enyl. Objective: The present work evaluated the antioxidant activity of garcinielliptone FC (GFC) in vitro against non-biological radicals [2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) and 2,2'-azinobis-3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS•+)] and ex vivo against oxidative damage induced by AAPH (2,2'-azobis-2-methylpropionamidine dihydrochloride) and iron/citrate ion in erythrocytes and mitochondria, respectively. Methods: In addition to the protective effect, the main biochemical indexes of oxidative stress, such as lipid peroxidation through the formation of Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) activity and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels. Results: According to the results obtained in erythrocytes, the antioxidant results at concentrations of 0.1, 0.3, 0.7, 1.5 and 3.0 mM were 26.34 ± 0.68, 43.39 ± 2.17, 62.27 ± 2.17, 86.69 ± 0.47 and 92.89 ± 0.45%, respectively, where GFC reduced the rate of oxidative hemolysis when compared to AAPH (p<0.05). The antioxidant activity observed in erythrocytes was also seen in mitochondria in which GFC reduced mitochondrial swelling by increasing the absorbance when compared to iron/citrate ion complex (p<0.05). In both biological models, GFC had an antioxidant effect on erythrocyte and mitochondrial redox balance when analyzing oxidative stress biomarkers, such as reduction of lipid peroxidation and inhibition of depletion in the activity of SOD, CAT and GSH levels. Conclusion: In conclusion, GFC had in vitro and ex vivo antioxidant activity against oxidative damage induced in erythrocytes and mitochondria acting on the erythrocytic and mitochondrial redox balance.

Evaluation of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Brain Metastatic and Non-Metastatic Lung Cancer Patients with Different Cell Types

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emre Bilgin ◽  
Gülüzar Atli ◽  
Berna Bozkurt Duman ◽  
Ali I. Okten
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Metastatic Lung ◽  
Different Cell Types

Background : Oxidative stress lead to an imbalanced prooxidant/antioxidant status can be a critical factor affecting the lung cancer etiopathology. The antioxidant system provides primary protection under oxidative stress. Objective: The purpose of the study was to investigate the serum antioxidant system status in brain metastatic and non-metastatic lung cancer patients with different cell types. Methods: In this prospective study, 33 patients with lung cancer metastasis (metastatic patient group), 36 lung cancer patients (non-metastatic patient group) and 25 healthy control groups were included. Enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, SOD; glutathione peroxidase, GPX; and glutathione reductase, GR) and non-enzymatic (glutathione, GSH) antioxidant system biomarkers with thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels were studied in the serum samples of the control and patient groups. The oxidative stress biomarkers were measured spectrophotometrically. Results: SOD activity increased though TBARS levels and GR activity decreased in both patient groups compared to the control. GPX activity increased only in the non-metastatic group. Antioxidant biomarkers varied between small cell and non-small cell group patients. GR activity and GSH levels were significantly higher in the non-metastatic group compared to the metastatic group. There were also found correlations between antioxidant parameters in the non-metastatic group. Conclusions: It was emphasized the imbalanced antioxidant system in the duration of the disease related to not only cell type and also the metastatic structure. This is the preliminary study exhibiting the contribution of antioxidant imbalance in different subtypes with varied prognosis and behavior of lung cancer in the presence of brain metastasis. Therefore, oxidative stress biomarkers can serve as a useful tool to get information about the progression of lung cancer. Thus it may provide fundamental data for further cancer researches when considering the diagnosis of the disease.

scholarly journals Effects of an aerobic training program on oxidative stress biomarkers in bulls

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 422-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
BM Escribano ◽  
I. Tunez ◽  
F. Requena ◽  
MD Rubio ◽  
R. De Miguel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidant ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Training Protocol

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aerobic training (16 weeks &ndash; T1 and 24 weeks &ndash; T2) on oxidative stress biomarkers. To this end, GSH, GSH-peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) activity were analysed in plasma. Nine bulls (3&ndash;4 years), were included in this work. The exercise training protocol was performed in a track ("taurodromo") three days per week for 24 weeks and consisted of 400 m warming up, 1200 m to 4&ndash;5 m/s, two minutes' resting, 1200 m to 4-5 m/s and, finally, 400 m walking. The results reflected that GSH-Px activity was higher at T1 (6.18 &plusmn; 0.45) than at baseline (T0; 2.31 &plusmn; 0.08) while the GSH level (2.98 &plusmn; 0.37) was lower vs. T0 (14.59 &plusmn; 3.40). Moreover, there were significant increases in GSH-Px (18.23 &plusmn; 1.36) and CAT (2.52 &plusmn; 0.04) activities and the recovery of basal values in GSH (11.75 &plusmn; 2.84) in T2. In conclusion, the type of training carried out in this study involved two well-defined stages: (i) a period of perturbation, followed by (ii) adaptation. The former stage was characterised by the induction of oxidative stress manifested as a decrease in the GSH, and the latter (T2) by the recovery of this non-enzymatic antioxidant.

scholarly journals The effect of cold atmospheric plasma on diabetes-induced enzyme glycation, oxidative stress, and inflammation; in vitro and in vivo

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Rezaeinezhad ◽  
Pegah Eslami ◽  
Hossein Mirmiranpour ◽  
Hamid Ghomi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Atmospheric Plasma ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Cold Atmospheric Plasma ◽  
Stress Biomarkers

AbstractCold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is known as the versatile tool in different biological, and medical applications. In this study, we investigated the effect of cold plasma on diabetes via in vitro and in vivo assessments. We performed the in vitro assay to evaluate the impact of CAP on glycated glutathione peroxidase (GPx) through enzyme activity measurement as a function index and far- and near-UV circular dichroism (CD) and fluorescence analysis as structure indices. The result of in vitro assessment showed that the exposure of glycated GPx to plasma causes a considerable increase in enzyme activity up to 30%. Also, the evaluation of far- and near-UV CD and fluorescence analysis indicated a modification in the protein structure. According to obtained result from in vitro assessment, in vivo assay evaluated the effect of CAP on diabetic mice through analyzing of blood glucose level (BGL), advanced glycation end products (AGEs), antioxidant activity, oxidative stress biomarkers such as malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), and inflammation factors including tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). The result of in vivo experiment also showed a 20% increase in antioxidant activity. Also, the reduction in AGEs, oxidative stress biomarkers, and inflammatory cytokines concentrations was observed. The result of this study revealed that CAP could be useful in diabetes treatment and can be utilized as a complementary method for diabetes therapy.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity of Origanum majorana Against Oxidative Stress Biomarkers

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regis Augusto Norbert Deuschle ◽  
Viviane Cecília Kessler Nunes Deuschle ◽  
Gabriela Bonfanti-Azzolin ◽  
Juliana Sorraila de Oliveira ◽  
Queli Cristina Bitencourt Sostisso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Antioxidant Agents ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Origanum Majorana ◽  
Hydroethanolic Extract

Origanum majorana is a cosmopolitan herb widely known as &ldquo;marjoram&rdquo;, which is used in traditional medicine and as family kitchen herb, for culinary purposes. Phytochemical screening was carried out and the antioxidant activity of Origanum majorana (Lamiaceae) hydroethanolic extract and infusion was investigated in this study. The hydroethanolic extract was screened through thin layer chromatography, subjected to spectrophotometry for polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins, as well as to 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical and iron reducing power assays. Fresh plant infusion was tested for the first time at three different concentrations against oxidative stress biomarkers in erythrocytes from HIV patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy. High antioxidant substance levels, as well as significant decrease in carbonylated protein, GSH and TBARS levels, were recorded, fact that showed the potential of O. majorana as exogenous antioxidant source. Our results indicated that O. majorana has good potential to prevent diseases caused by the overproduction of free radicals, and that it can be used as potential source of natural antioxidant agents.

scholarly journals Flight training and dietary antioxidants have mixed effects on the oxidative status of multiple tissues in a female migratory songbird

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail E. Frawley ◽  
Kristen J. DeMoranville ◽  
Katherine M. Carbeck ◽  
Lisa Trost ◽  
Amadeusz Bryła ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Spring Migration ◽  
Flight Training ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxides ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Dietary Antioxidants ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidant

Birds, like other vertebrates, rely on a robust antioxidant system to protect themselves against oxidative imbalance caused by energy-intensive activities such as flying. Such oxidative challenges may be especially acute for females during spring migration, since they must pay the oxidative costs of flight while preparing for reproduction; however, little previous work has examined how the antioxidant system of female spring migrants responds to dietary antioxidants and the oxidative challenges of regular flying. We fed two diets to female European starlings, one supplemented with a dietary antioxidant and one without, and then flew them daily in a windtunnel for two weeks during the fall and spring migration periods. We measured the activity of enzymatic antioxidants (GPx, SOD, CAT), non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity (ORAC), and markers of oxidative damage (protein carbonyls and lipid hydroperoxides) in four tissues: pectoralis, leg, liver, and heart. Dietary antioxidants affected enzymatic antioxidant activity and lipid damage in the heart, non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity in the pectoralis, and protein damage in leg muscle. In general, birds fed less antioxidants appear to incur increased oxidative damage while upregulating non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant activity, though these effects were strongly tissue-specific. We also found trends for diet x training interactions for enzymatic antioxidant activity in the heart and leg. Flight-training may condition the antioxidant system of females to dynamically respond to oxidative challenges, and females during spring migration may shift antioxidant allocation to reduce oxidative damage.

scholarly journals Association between diet and polymorphisms in individuals with statin-controlled dyslipidaemia grouped according to oxidative stress biomarkers

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Borges Botelho ◽  
Cyntia Okoshi Fioratti ◽  
Marcelo Macedo Rogero ◽  
Lucia Pereira Barroso ◽  
Marcelo Chiara Bertolami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Oxidized Ldl ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Paraoxonase 1 ◽  
Ldl Oxidation ◽  
P Value ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Apo E

The objective of this study was to investigate whether differences in diet and in single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) found in paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genes, are associated with oxidative stress biomarkers and consequently with susceptibility of low-density cholesterol (LDL) to oxidation. A multivariate approach was applied to a group of 55 patients according to three biomarkers: plasma antioxidant activity, malondialdehyde and oxidized LDL (oxLDL) concentrations. Individuals classified in Cluster III showed the worst prognoses in terms of antioxidant activity and oxidative status. Individuals classified in Cluster I presented the lowest oxidative status, while individuals grouped in Cluster II presented the highest levels of antioxidant activity. No difference in nutrient intake was observed among the clusters. Significantly higher γ- and δ-tocopherol concentrations were observed in those individuals with the highest levels of antioxidant activity. No single linear regression was statistically significant, suggesting that mutant alleles of the SNPs selected did not contribute to the differences observed in oxidative stress response. Although not statistically significant, the p value of the APO E coefficient for oxLDL response was 0.096, indicating that patients who carry the TT allele of the APO E gene tend to present lower plasma oxLDL concentrations. Therefore, the differences in oxidative stress levels observed in this study could not be attributed to diet or to the variant alleles of PON-1, CETP, HMGCR or APO E. This data supports the influence of γ-tocopherol and δ-tocopherol on antioxidant activity, and highlights the need for further studies investigating APO E alleles and LDL oxidation.

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