scholarly journals Psoriasis-Like Inflammation Induced Renal Dysfunction through the TLR/NF-κB Signal Pathway

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Ren ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Caiyun Zhang ◽  
Hong Sang
Keyword(s):  
Renal Injury ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Signal Pathway ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Urine Protein ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Pas Staining

Pathological studies have shown an association between psoriasis and renal injury (RI), but the mechanism between RI and psoriasis was still unclear. This paper was designed to investigate the relationship and mechanism between psoriasis-like inflammation and renal injury in BALB/C mice. Mice were topically smeared imiquimod followed by various analyses in skin lesions, urine protein, kidney/serum inflammatory cytokines, kidney function, podocyte membrane proteins, and toll-like receptors/nuclear factor kappa-b (TLR/NF-κB) pathway-associated proteins. Meanwhile, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and dexamethasone (DEX) were intraperitoneally injected to promote and inhibit inflammation accompanied by imiquimod to elaborate the relevance between inflammatory levels and RI. In the model group, the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) scores of scaly and erythema obviously increased (p<0.01), creatinine and blood urea nitrogen significantly increased (p<0.01), the positive area of hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining in kidney increased (p<0.01), malondialdehyde significantly increased with superoxide dismutase (SOD) decreased (p<0.01), 24-hour urine protein increased and the expressions of podocin and CD2 associate protein (CD2AP) decreased (p<0.01), and kidney/serum inflammatory factors (IL-17, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-22) and TLR/NF-κB-related expression (TLR2, TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κBp65) all increased (p<0.01). The RI was aggravated with the TLR/NF-κB related expression being upregulated by LPS (p<0.05). On the contrary, the RI was alleviated by DEX (p<0.05). Our data showed that psoriasis-like inflammation damaged the renal function via the TLR/NF-κB signal pathway. Inhibiting TLR/NF-κB-related protein expression may be effective for the treatment of RI caused by psoriasis.

Infusion of anti-DFS70 antibodies prolonged survival of lupus-prone mice

Lupus ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 096120332096997
Author(s):  
Gali Aljadeff ◽  
Asaf Shemer ◽  
Itai Katz ◽  
Luis Eduardo C Andrade ◽  
Boris Gilburd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lupus Nephritis ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Renal Injury ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Prolonged Survival ◽  
Novel Therapy ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Pas Staining ◽  
Complex Deposition

Background Systemic-lupus-nephritis is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by immune complex deposition and a flare of autoantibodies and leading to renal injury. Objectives To expose anti-Dense-Fine-Speckled-70 (DFS70)-antibodies to genetically-prone-lupus-mice. Methods NZBXW/F1 female mice were monitored for the onset of glomerulonephritis by proteinuria upon infusion of anti-DFS70 (40 μg/mouse), commercial-human-IgG (cIgG) or phosphate-buffered-saline (PBS) as controls. The survival time was detected by mice death. Circulating anti-dsDNA were tested by ELISA. Proteinuria, was defined by a standard semi-quantitative-Bayer-Multistix-dipstick. Kidney histology was analyzed by periodic-acid–Schiff-PAS staining. Results A significantly higher percentage of anti-DFS70-infused mice exhibited prolonged survival time as compared with cIgG and PBS-subjected mice (p < 0.022). One mouse out of 10 mice injected with anti-DFS70-antibodies died at week 36, whereas, 6 out of 10 mice subjected with PBS found dead at this time. Eighty percent of anti-DFS70 injected mice did not show severe glomerulonephritis by histology. Conclusions anti-DFS70 attenuated the progression of glomerulonephritis and prolonged the survival time. Circulating anti-DFS70-autoantibodies may confer a protective role against renal injury in murine-lupus-nephritis. Our data may propose a novel therapy approach for lupus patients.

scholarly journals The Effect of Long-Term Use of an Eyewash Solution on the Ocular Surface Mucin Layer

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 5078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Yazu ◽  
Naoyuki Kozuki ◽  
Murat Dogru ◽  
Ayako Shibasaki ◽  
Hiroshi Fujishima
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Dry Eyes ◽  
Staining Score ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Pas Staining ◽  
Mucin Layer ◽  
A Prospective Study

The use of eyewash solutions in Japan, especially in patients with allergic conjunctivitis and contact lens wearers, has been increasing. Our aim was to investigate how the use of preservative-free eyewash solution in healthy eyes for one month affects corneal safety and ocular surface mucin. We analyzed 42 eyes of 21 individuals (17 males, four females; mean age: 36.1 ± 7.4 years) without ocular allergies, dry eyes, or other ocular diseases through a prospective study. Eyes were randomized to a wash group (group one) and a nonwash follow up group (group two). We evaluated the dry eye-related quality-of-life score (DEQS), tear film breakup time (TBUT), fluorescein staining score, mRNA expression of MUC5AC and MUC16, MUC16 immunohistochemistry, and MUC5AC periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining. There was a significant decrease in DEQS scores after one month of eyewash use (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in other evaluation items that were analyzed (all p > 0.05). Furthermore, no significant differences were observed between group one and group two in all endpoints (all p > 0.05). The results suggest that one month use of a nonpreserved eyewash solution has no detrimental effects on the tear film and the ocular surface mucins.

scholarly journals Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidant Mito-Tempo Protects Against Aldosterone-Induced Renal Injury In Vivo

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 741-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Ding ◽  
Tingyan Liu ◽  
Xiao Bi ◽  
Zhiling Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Renal Injury ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Inflammasome Activation ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome Activation

Background/Aims: Growing evidence suggests mitochondrial dysfunction (MtD) and the Nlrp3 inflammasome play critical roles in chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. We previously reported that Aldosterone (Aldo)-induced renal injury in vitro is directly caused by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS)-mediated activation of the Nlrp3 inflammasome. Here we aimed to determine whether a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant (Mito-Tempo) could prevent Aldo-induced kidney damage in vivo. Methods: C57BL/6J mice were treated with Aldo and/or Mito-Tempo (or ethanol as a control) for 4 weeks. Renal injury was evaluated by Periodic Acid-Schiff reagent or Masson’s trichrome staining and electron microscopy. ROS were measured by DCFDA fluorescence and ELISA. MtD was determined by real-time PCR and electron microscopy. Activation of the Nlrp3 inflammasome and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) was detected via western blot. Results: Compared with control mice, Aldo-infused mice showed impaired renal function, increased mtROS production and MtD, Nlrp3 inflammasome activation, and elevated ERS. We showed administration of Mito-Tempo significantly improved renal function and MtD, and reduced Nlrp3 inflammasome activation and ERS in vivo. Conclusion: Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants may attenuate Aldo-infused renal injury by inhibiting MtD, the Nlrp3 inflammasome, and ERS in vivo. Therefore, targeting mtROS might be an effective strategy for preventing CKD.

scholarly journals Production of capsular material by equine trophoblast transplanted into immunodeficient mice

Reproduction ◽  
2003 ◽  
pp. 855-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Albihn ◽  
RO Waelchli ◽  
J Samper ◽  
JG Oriol ◽  
BA Croy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Endometrial Biopsy ◽  
Specific Staining ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
In Vitro Techniques ◽  
Immunodeficient Mice ◽  
Xenogeneic Transplantation ◽  
Pas Staining ◽  
Capsular Material

A novel xenogeneic transplantation approach was used to determine whether it is embryonic or maternal tissue that produces the material that gives rise to the mucin-like glycoprotein of the equine embryonic capsule. Endometrial biopsy samples and conceptuses from six mares at days 13-15 after ovulation were prepared as 1 mm(3) grafts of endometrium, trophoblast and capsule for transplantation, alone or in combination, into various sites in 88 immunodeficient (severe combined immunodeficient or RAG2/gamma(c) double mutant) mice. The overall recovery rate of grafts was over 50%, reaching 100% with experience and use of the renal subcapsular space exclusively. Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining demonstrated capsule-like extracellular glycoprotein secretions at the graft site in 11 of 22 sites examined. Strong PAS-positive reactions (5-7 microm thick) were found in four of six sites containing trophoblast alone, five of six endometrium plus trophoblast sites, and zero of eight grafts of endometrium alone. Two recovered grafts of capsule were also PAS-positive. The secreted glycoprotein was identified as equine embryonic capsule material by using a monoclonal antibody (mAb) specific to equine capsule (mAb OC-1) in two experiments. In the first, in cryosections, this antibody bound to 19 of 19 recovered trophoblast graft secretions (including those in 12 from mice that had not received endometrium at any site), ten of ten recovered endometrium plus trophoblast grafts, and zero of 12 recovered endometrial grafts from mice in which trophoblast had been grafted to the same site or another site in the same mouse. In the second experiment, in paraformaldehyde-fixed sections of grafts from 11 mice, specific staining, identical to that shown by grafted capsule, was obtained with grafts of trophoblast (both alone and in combination with endometrium) but not with grafts of endometrium. These results support the contention that trophoblast is the principal source of equine embryonic capsule. In addition, they demonstrate that xenogeneic grafting is a useful means of culturing endometrium and conceptus tissues outside the mare when in vitro techniques do not suffice.

Isolation, culture and characterization of chicken primordial germ cells

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tang Xin-Yan ◽  
Zeng Wei-Dong ◽  
Mi Yu-Ling ◽  
Liu Hong-Yun ◽  
Zhang Cai-Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Ficoll Density Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Pas Staining ◽  
Proliferating Activity

AbstractPrimordial germ cells (PGCs) were isolated from the genital ridges of chicken (Gallus domesticus) embryos at the 19th stage and purified by Ficoll density-gradient centrifugation. PGCs were co-cultured with somatic cells in preliminary culture and subcultured. Identification of PGCs was carried out by histochemical methods, including alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and periodic acid–Schiff (PAS). The proliferating activity of PGCs in subculture was demonstrated by immunocytochemistry of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Meanwhile, proliferating PGCs were compared under different culture conditions of 5–20% fetal cattle serum (FCS), insulin–transferrin–selenite (ITS) medium, conditioned medium (CM), 15% FCS+ITS, 15% FCS+40% CM. The results showed that the cultured PGCs were positive for AKP and PAS staining and displayed intensive proliferating activity by PCNA. The PGCs without centrifugation grew better than those with centrifugation. The PGCs formed larger colonies in media with 5% FCS or ITS than other media, indicating that 5% FCS or ITS supplemented media could be an ideal culture system for PGC proliferation in the PGC-somatic cell co-culture, in addition to the embryonic fibroblast feeder layer.

scholarly journals The role of histopathology in the diagnosis of dermatophytoses / Značaj patohistološkog nalaza u dijagnostici dermatofitoza

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Đorđi Gocev ◽  
Katerina Damevska
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Unexpected Finding ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Specific Staining ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Skin Reactions ◽  
Pas Staining

Abstract Histopathological analysis is not a routine procedure for diagnosing fungal skin infections. In the histopathological specimens, fungi are visible only when using special stain such as periodic acid-Schiff (PAS). However, histopathological analysis may not be performed in small laboratories. Histopathological characteristics of fungal skin infections are not specific. In all skin biopsy cases, obtained without clinical suspicion of fungal infection, the knowledge of certain, most frequent histopathological reaction patterns, as well as specific histopathological indicators (a diagnostic histopathological “clue”), of certain superficial mycoses e.g., dermatophytoses, may raise a suspicion of fungal infection and warrant a fungal-specific staining. A retrospective analysis of all PAS-stained sections was carried out. All PAS-positive biopsy specimens were assessed for clinical features, histopathological patterns of skin reactions, and presence of histopathological indicators. Our results have shown that out of the total of 361 PAS-stained sections, fungal hyphae were identified in 12 (3.3%) specimens. In 5 (1.4%) cases, the diagnosis of fungal infection was suspected on clinical grounds, while in 7 (1.9%) cases detection of fungi was an unexpected finding. The most frequent type of histopathological pattern was spongiotic, and the most frequent histopathological indicator was the presence of neutrophils within the epidermis. Our results confirm that dermatophytoses may present with clinical and histological non-specific findings. PAS staining represents a relatively cheap and simple fungal-specific staining. It has been suggested that it not only confirms that the selected material is actually invaded, but also reduces the number of false-negative direct reports, where fungi are cultured from a microscopically negative specimen. Apart from a small percentage of positive findings, our results justify the need for routine PAS staining of all clinically and histologically non-specific inflammatory skin conditions.

scholarly journals Underestimated Amoebic Appendicitis among HIV-1-Infected Individuals in Japan

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 313-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taiichiro Kobayashi ◽  
Koji Watanabe ◽  
Hideaki Yano ◽  
Yukinori Murata ◽  
Toru Igari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Pas Staining ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT Entamoeba histolytica is not a common causative agent of acute appendicitis. However, amoebic appendicitis can sometimes be severe and life threatening, mainly due to a lack of awareness. Also, its frequency, clinical features, and pathogenesis remain unclear. The study subjects were HIV-1-infected individuals who presented with acute appendicitis and later underwent appendectomy at our hospital between 1996 and 2014. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded preserved appendix specimens were reexamined by periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining and PCR to identify undiagnosed amoebic appendicitis. Appendectomies were performed in 57 patients with acute appendicitis. The seroprevalence of E. histolytica was 33% (14/43) from the available stored sera. Based on the medical records, only 3 cases were clinically diagnosed as amoebic appendicitis, including 2 diagnosed at the time of appendectomy and 1 case diagnosed by rereview of the appendix after the development of postoperative complications. Retrospective analyses using PAS staining and PCR identified 3 and 3 more cases, respectively. Thus, E. histolytica infection was confirmed in 9 cases (15.8%) in the present study. Apart from a significantly higher leukocyte count in E. histolytica -positive patients than in negative patients (median, 13,760 versus 10,385 cells/μl, respectively, P = 0.02), there were no other differences in the clinical features of the PCR-positive and -negative groups. In conclusion, E. histolytica infection was confirmed in 9 (15.8%) of the appendicitis cases. However, only 3, including one diagnosed after intestinal perforation, were diagnosed before the present analyses. These results strongly suggest there is frequently a failure to detect trophozoites in routine examination, resulting in an underestimation of the incidence of amoebic appendicitis.

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