scholarly journals Analysis and Evaluation of Braille to Text Conversion Methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Sana Shokat ◽  
Rabia Riaz ◽  
Sanam Shahla Rizvi ◽  
Khalil Khan ◽  
Farina Riaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Touch Screen ◽  
Future Research ◽  
User Input ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
Visually Impaired People ◽  
Impaired People ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Language Conversion ◽  
Visually Impaired Persons

Technology is advancing rapidly in present times. To serve as a useful and connected part of the community, everyone is required to learn and update themselves on innovations. Visually impaired people fall behind in this regard because of their inherent limitations. To involve these people as active participants within communities, technology must be modified for their facilitation. This paper provides a comprehensive survey of various user input schemes designed for the visually impaired for Braille to natural language conversion. These techniques are analyzed in detail with a focus on their accessibility and usability. Currently, considerable effort has been made to design a touch-screen input mechanism for visually impaired people, such as Braille Touch, Braille Enter, and Edge Braille. All of these schemes use location-specific input and challenge visually impaired persons to locate specified places on the touch screen. Most of the schemes require special actions to switch between upper and lowercase and between numbers and special characters, which affects system usability. The key features used for accessing the performance of these techniques are efficiency, accuracy, and usability issues found in the applications. In the end, a comparison of all these techniques is performed. Outcomes of this analysis show that there is a strong need for application that put the least burden on the visually impaired users. Based on this survey, a guideline has been designed for future research in this area.

Arabic Braille Touch Keyboard for Android Users

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabil Hewahi ◽  
Ghadeer Abu-Shaban ◽  
Esraa El-Ashqer ◽  
Ayat Abu-Noqaira ◽  
Nour El-Wadiya
Keyword(s):  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Smart Phone ◽  
Touch Screen ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Tactile Feedback ◽  
Smart Phones ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
Visually Impaired People ◽  
Impaired People ◽  
Touch Screen Devices

As smart phones appeared with their elegant, easy and exciting touch functionality, the use of touch screen devices has been spreading very fast. Beside the previous advantages, smart phones addresses some new challenges for people with disabilities. Most of visually impaired people don't prefer using touch-screen devices, as these lack the tactile feedback and are visually demanding. However, there have been some solutions to come over these problems, but they were not enough. Some of these solutions is to connect a special equipment to a smart phone to allow the visually impaired user to enter the required input. Other applications help visually impaired people to use the smart phones and read whatever on the screen by hovering their finger tips on the text. Visually impaired people who use smart phones have to memorize QWERTY keyboard which have a large number of targets with small locations specified for each target which will lead to a high proportion of error occurrence. In this paper, the authors propose ABTKA- Arabic Braille Touch Keyboard for Android Users. This application is the first application for Arabic language that uses Braille language for visually impaired who are using smart phones or intended to do so. ABTKA facilitates text-entry functionality by supporting Braille writing on touch screens. The used approach in the proposed system can be easily adapted to other languages. The main advantages of the used approach are that it does not need any extra equipment to be connected to the smart phone; it is dynamic (no fixed positions for the touch points), simple to use, one entry for each character, supported by voice and respond promptly to the input. ABTKA involves various algorithms to achieve its objectives. It starts with entering the user standard locations of finger tips, then the user can enter any Braille character which has to be reindexed to be in the same order of Perkins Brailler's buttons. Any inserted character is converted to Arabic character. Any converted character will have a voice feedback. Words and full sentences will also have voice feedback. ABTKA has been tested by various visually impaired people and proved that it is easy to learn and simple to use.

The Use of Fax Technology to Address the Reading Needs of Blind and Visually Impaired Persons

1990 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
pp. 509-513
Author(s):  
W. Gerrey ◽  
J. Brabyn ◽  
W. Crandall
Keyword(s):  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Office Workers ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Blind And Visually Impaired ◽  
Visually Impaired People ◽  
Impaired People ◽  
Blind Persons ◽  
Visually Impaired Persons

Although fax communications pose a problem of accessibility for blind and visually impaired office workers, with centralized readers’ services they could be used to address the wider reading needs of blind and visually impaired people. With this technology, blind persons with fax machines could send unknown print to readers at a centralized readers’ service, who would read facsimiles of the documents over voice phones. This article discusses the specifications for appropriate equipment and protocols and presents the preliminary results of a study of such a system.

A Survey of Recreation Personnel in Agencies and Schools for Blind and Visually Impaired People

1991 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-88
Author(s):  
I. Ludwig
Keyword(s):  
Continuing Education ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Professional Affiliation ◽  
Blind And Visually Impaired ◽  
Visually Impaired People ◽  
Impaired People ◽  
Visually Impaired Persons

This article reports on a national survey of recreation personnel in agencies and schools for blind and visually impaired persons. The survey addressed the personnel's employment status, educational background and continuing education experiences, professional affiliation, and interest in networking with other recreation personnel who work with blind and visually impaired persons.

scholarly journals Interactive Sound Generation to Aid Visually Impaired People via Object Detection Using Touch Screen Sensor

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 4057
Author(s):  
Tias Kurniati ◽  
Chuan-Kai Yang ◽  
Tzer-Shyong Chen ◽  
Yu-Fang Chung ◽  
Yu-Min Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Object Detection ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Touch Screen ◽  
Sound Generation ◽  
Visually Impaired People ◽  
Impaired People

scholarly journals THE LEVEL OF SOCIAL DISTANCE TOWARDS VISUALLY IMPAIRED PERSONS REGARDING TO OCCUPATION IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Amela Teskeredžić ◽  
◽  
Dženana Radžo Alibegović ◽  
Senada Salkić ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Visually Impaired People ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Impaired People ◽  
Professional Contact ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Visually Impaired Persons

The aim of this study was to determine the level of social distance towards visually impaired people in relation to the occupation of respondents. The study included 361 adult respondents from the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and who had no personal, not professional contact with persons with impaired vision. For the purpose of this study was used scale of social distance (Oullette-Kuntz, Burge, Brown, Arsenault, 2010), which is adapted in terms of required statements and opinions of respondents to visually impaired people, rather than toward people with intellectual disabilities. For statistical analyzes were used methods of descriptive statistics, and methods of analysis of variance (ANOVA). All results of the study were conducted at a significance level of 0.05. The results indicate that there is no statistically significant difference in the opinions and level of social distance in relation to the occupation of respondents.

Caseload Size Survey of Agencies Serving Blind and Visually Impaired Persons

1986 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-684
Author(s):  
Leroy H. Pelton
Keyword(s):  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Blind And Visually Impaired ◽  
Visually Impaired People ◽  
Impaired People ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Visually Impaired Persons

A caseload size survey was conducted of both public and large private agencies serving blind and visually impaired people. Wide variations in caseload size were found between different types of professional caseworkers, between agencies, and between public and private agencies.

Humanizing Blindness through Public Education

1990 ◽  
Vol 84 (8) ◽  
pp. 397-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.R. Augusto ◽  
J.M. McGraw
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Blind People ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Blind And Visually Impaired ◽  
Visually Impaired People ◽  
Impaired People ◽  
The Media ◽  
Visually Impaired Persons

Public attitudes toward blindness are shaped by limited contacts with visually impaired people and unrealistic portrayals of blind people in the media. These attitudes hamper the integration of blind and visually impaired persons in society. Professionals in the field need ‘to work together to develop national and local public education programs to change stereotyped thinking. Proactive efforts that include a variety of methods can begin to humanize blindness and hence can lead to greater opportunities for fuller participation in society.

scholarly journals Daily activities of employed persons with visual impairment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amila Jaganjac ◽  
Amra Mačak Hadžiomerović ◽  
Bakir Katana ◽  
Namik Trtak ◽  
Eldad Kaljić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Visually Impaired People ◽  
Impaired People ◽  
Visually Impaired Persons

Introduction: The challenges faced by visually impaired people in their efforts to integrate themselves into the labor market and the general position of persons with disabilities, regarding their employment and social security, is extremely difficult. Employment is the best safeguard against social exclusion and one of the main ways to achieve a full involvement in the society of the visually impaired people.Methods: The research was conducted on a sample of 25 visually impaired people employed at “TMP” d.o.o. Sarajevo. The study was used as a cross-sectional survey method wherein data were collected through appropriate survey instruments, using a modified survey questionnaire.Results: Out of the total number of respondents, 48% are male and 52% are female. The majority of respondents use other persons’ assistance when moving (n = 16). The largest number of respondents had 100% visual impairment (n = 17). The majority of subjects have no strenuous physical activity. The largest number of respondents during the previous week walked for at least 10 minutes, in the sequence of all 7 days and was driven in motor vehicles. When doing household chores, 56% of respondents said they had no difficulty. The most common difficulties in recreation, sports and physical activity in leisure time, that were encountered by 32% of respondents, are poor sound signalling and difficulties of visual nature, though 68% of respondents said that they had no difficulty in their recreational activities.Conclusion: The daily activities of employed visually impaired persons have a positive impact on their quality of life. Various are occupations of visually impaired people that improve their quality of life.

scholarly journals Wearable Radar System Design on Semi-Flexible PCB for Visually Impaired People

2022 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoran Zhang ◽  
Yiming Yang ◽  
Jiahao Zhou ◽  
Atif Shamim
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Complete System ◽  
Obstacle Detection ◽  
Detection Range ◽  
Mimo Antenna ◽  
Visually Impaired People ◽  
Impaired People ◽  
Visually Impaired Persons ◽  
Flexible Pcb

This paper presents a compact and wearable frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar on a semi-flexible printed circuit board (PCB) for an anti-collision system. This can enable visually impaired people to perceive their environment better and more safely in their everyday lives. In the proposed design, a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna array with four receivers (RXs) and three transmitters (TXs) has been designed to achieve obstacle-detection ability in both horizontal and vertical planes through a specific geometrical configuration. Operating at 76–81 GHz, an aperture coupled wide-beam patch antenna with two parasitic patches is proposed for each channel of RXs and TXs. The fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm has been implemented in the radar chip AWR1843 for intermediate frequency (IF) signals to generate a range-Doppler map and search precise target angles in high sensitivity. The complete system, which includes both the MIMO antenna array and the radar chip circuit, is utilized on a six-layer semi-flexible PCB to ensure compactness and ease in wearability. Field testing of the complete system has been performed, and an obstacle-detection range of 7 m (for humans) and 19 m (for larger objects) has been obtained. A wide angular detection range of 64-degree broadside view (±32°) has also been achieved. A voice module has also been integrated to deliver the obstacle’s range and angle information to visually impaired persons.

Examination of a Guidance Robot for Visually Impaired People

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 720-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuteru Tobita ◽  
◽  
Katsuyuki Sagayama ◽  
Hironori Ogawa
Keyword(s):  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Rehabilitation Hospital ◽  
Visually Impaired People ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Impaired People ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
White Cane ◽  
Visually Impaired Persons ◽  
Better Than

We are developing the robot in order to guide visually impaired persons in large hospitals. This paper describes the structure of the robot and the results of a demonstration examination in Kanagawa Rehabilitation Hospital, Japan. The robot navigates to the destination while steering, depending on the force with which the user pushes on the robot. The success rate for reaching a destination with the robot was higher than with a white cane in the testing at Kanagawa Rehabilitation Hospital. We evaluated the traveling time and the participant questionnaire as an endpoint by Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Though there is no advantage in traveling time between use of the white cane and the robot, according to the scores of the participants questionnaire, it was shown that traveling with the robot was better than traveling with the white cane for the participants.

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