scholarly journals “Olfactory Three-Needle” Enhances Spatial Learning and Memory Ability in SAMP8 Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Yuan Wang ◽  
Qiang Wang ◽  
Bo Ren ◽  
Ting Guo ◽  
Jing Qiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Olfactory System ◽  
Spatial Learning And Memory ◽  
Neuroinflammatory Response ◽  
Memory Ability ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Samp8 Mice ◽  
Excessive Activation ◽  
Stimulation Of

As one of the most important therapies in complementary and alternative medicine, acupuncture has been used in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Acupuncture of “olfactory three-needle” manipulation can improve the cognitive ability of AD patients. However, the mechanism of “olfactory three-needle” in AD remains largely unknown. Here, we identified that the “olfactory three-needle” therapy and eugenol olfactory stimulation both reduced the deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) protein and increased the expression of synaptophysin (SYP), but only the “olfactory three-needle” enhanced the spatial learning and memory ability of SAMP8. Remarkably, the “olfactory three-needle” inhibited the phosphorylation of p38MAPK and the excessive activation of microglia (MG) in the hippocampus. Our study demonstrates that the “olfactory three-needle” enhances spatial learning and memory ability by inhibiting the phosphorylation of p38MAPK and the excessive activation of MG to reduce the neuroinflammatory response and neurotoxicity of Aβ and promote synaptic regeneration, but it was not completely consistent with the stimulation of the olfactory system.

scholarly journals Caspase-1/IL-1β represses membrane transport of GluA1 by inhibiting the interaction between Stargazin and GluA1 in Alzheimer’s disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xunhu Gu ◽  
Hanjun Wu ◽  
Yuqin Xie ◽  
Lijun Xu ◽  
Xu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Membrane Transport ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Senile Plaque ◽  
Spatial Learning And Memory ◽  
Memory Ability ◽  
Caspase 1 ◽  
Plaque Deposition

Abstract Background Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease. Previous study has reported that caspase-1/IL-1β is closely associated with Alzheimer's disease. However, the biological role of caspase-1/IL-1β in Alzheimer's disease has not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of action of caspase-1/IL-1β in Alzheimer's disease. Methods Mouse hippocampal neurones were treated with Aβ1-42 to induce Alzheimer's disease cell model. APP/PS1 mice and Aβ1-42-induced hippocampal neurones were treated with AC-YVAD-CMK (caspase-1 inhibitor). Spatial learning and memory ability of mice were detected by morris water maze. Flow cytometry, TUNEL staining, Thioflavin S staining and immunohistochemistry were performed to examine apoptosis and senile plaque deposition. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and western blot were performed to assess the levels of protein or cytokines. Co-Immunoprecipitation was performed to verify the interaction between Stargazin and GluA1. Results AC-YVAD-CMK treatment improved spatial learning and memory ability and reduced senile plaque deposition of APP/PS1 mice. Moreover, AC-YVAD-CMK promoted membrane transport of GluA1 in APP/PS1 mice. In vitro, Aβ1-42-induced hippocampal neurones exhibited an increase in apoptosis and a decrease in the membrane transport of GluA1, which was abolished by AC-YVAD-CMK treatment. In addition, Stargazin interacted with GluA1, which was repressed by caspase-1. Caspase-1/IL-1β inhibited membrane transport of GluA1 by inhibiting the interaction between Stargazin and GluA1. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that caspase-1/IL-1β represses membrane transport of GluA1 by inhibiting the interaction between Stargazin in Alzheimer's disease. Thus, caspase-1/IL-1β may be a target for Alzheimer's disease treatment.

scholarly journals Manual Acupuncture Suppresses the Expression of Proinflammatory Proteins Associated with the NLRP3 Inflammasome in the Hippocampus of SAMP8 Mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Ding ◽  
Jing Jiang ◽  
Menghan Lu ◽  
Jiatong Hu ◽  
Yiyuan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Spatial Learning And Memory ◽  
Manual Acupuncture ◽  
Caspase 1 ◽  
Donepezil Hydrochloride ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Samp8 Mice

Objective. To investigate the effect of manual acupuncture (MA) on NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins. Methods. SAMP8 mice were randomly divided into Alzheimer’s disease (AD) group, the MA group, and the medicine (M) group. Mice in the M group were treated with donepezil hydrochloride at 0.65 μg/g. In the MA group, MA was applied on Baihui (GV20) and Yintang (GV29) for 20 min and then pricked at Shuigou (GV26). The Morris water maze was applied to assess spatial learning and memory. Immunohistochemical staining and western blot analysis were used to observe the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins. Results. Compared with the normal (N) control group, spatial learning and the memory capabilities of the AD group significantly decreased (p<0.01). The number of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, and IL-1β positively stained cells in the AD group was higher than the N group, and the relative expression levels of the above proteins were significantly higher than those in the N group (p<0.01). These changes were reversed by both MA and donepezil (p<0.01). Conclusion. MA can improve the learning and memory capabilities of SAMP8 mice. The negative regulation of the NLRP3/Caspase-1 pathway in the hippocampus may be a possible mechanism of MA in the treatment of AD.

scholarly journals Exendin-4 antagonizes Aβ1-42-induced attenuation of spatial learning and memory ability

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 2885-2892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Wang ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Ruirui Jiang ◽  
Yunyun Xu ◽  
Xueling Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Spatial Learning And Memory ◽  
Memory Ability

scholarly journals The Microalgae Aurantiochytrium Sp. Increases Neurogenesis and Improves Spatial Learning and Memory in Senescence-Accelerated Prone 8 Mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazunori Sasaki ◽  
Noelia Geribaldi-Doldan ◽  
Qingqing Wu ◽  
Julie Davies ◽  
Francis G. Szele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Morris Water Maze Test ◽  
Spatial Learning And Memory ◽  
Age Related ◽  
And Function ◽  
Samp8 Mice

Abstract Background Much attention has recently focused on nutraceuticals which are widely used to promote health. In particular, nutraceuticals with minimal side effects have been developed for preventing or treating neurological diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The present study was conducted to investigate the potential effect on neural development and function of the microalgae Aurantiochytrium sp. as a nutraceutical. Methods To test the neuroprotection of ethanol extract of Aurantiochytrium (EEA) and n-Hex layer of EEA (HEEA), amyloid-beta (Aβ)-stimulated SH-SY5Y cells was used for in vitro AD model. We then assessed the enhancement of neurogenesis of EEA and HEEA using murine ex vivo neurospheres. We also administered EEA or HEEA to SAMP8 mice, a non-transgenic strain with accelerated aging and Alzheimer’s-like memory loss for evaluation of spatial learning and memory using MWM test. Finally, we performed immunohistochemical analysis using mice brain fed with EEA for assessment of neurogenesis. Results Pre-treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with EEA or the squalene-rich fraction of EEA, n-Hex layer (HEEA), ameliorated Aβ-induced cytotoxicity. Interestingly, only EEA-treated cells showed a significant increase in cell metabolism and intracellular ATP production. Moreover, EEA treatment significantly increased the number of neurospheres, whilst HEEA treatment significantly increased the number of β-III-tubulin + young neurons and GFAP + astrocytes. SAMP8 mice were given 50 mg/kg EEA or HEEA orally for 30 days. Learning ability was assessed in the Morris water maze test. EEA and HEEA decreased escape latency time in SAMP8 mice, indicating improved memory. To detect activated stem cells and newborn neurons, we administered BrdU for 9 days and measured BrdU + cells in the dentate gyrus, a neurogenic stem cell niche of the hippocampus. In SAMP8 mice, EEA rapidly and significantly increased the number of BrdU + GFAP + stem cells as well as their progeny, BrdU + NeuN + mature neurons. Conclusions Our data in aggregate indicate that EEA and its constituents could be developed into a nutraceutical for promoting brain health and function against some age-related diseases including neurodegenerative desease, particularly AD.

scholarly journals Microalgae Aurantiochytrium Sp. Increases Neurogenesis and Improves Spatial Learning and Memory in Senescence-Accelerated Mouse-Prone 8 Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazunori Sasaki ◽  
Noelia Geribaldi-Doldán ◽  
Qingqing Wu ◽  
Julie Davies ◽  
Francis G. Szele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Spatial Learning And Memory ◽  
And Function ◽  
Samp8 Mice ◽  
Senescence Accelerated Mouse

Much attention has recently been focused on nutraceuticals, with minimal adverse effects, developed for preventing or treating neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The present study was conducted to investigate the potential effect on neural development and function of the microalgae Aurantiochytrium sp. as a nutraceutical. To test neuroprotection by the ethanol extract of Aurantiochytrium (EEA) and a derivative, the n-Hexane layer of EEA (HEEA), amyloid-β-stimulated SH-SY5Y cells, was used as an in vitro AD model. We then assessed the potential enhancement of neurogenesis by EEA and HEEA using murine ex vivo neurospheres. We also administered EEA or HEEA to senescence-accelerated mouse-prone 8 (SAMP8) mice, a non-transgenic strain with accelerated aging and AD-like memory loss for evaluation of spatial learning and memory using the Morris water maze test. Finally, we performed immunohistochemical analysis for assessment of neurogenesis in mice administered EEA. Pretreatment of SH-SY5Y cells with EEA or the squalene-rich fraction of EEA, HEEA, ameliorated amyloid-β-induced cytotoxicity. Interestingly, only EEA-treated cells showed a significant increase in cell metabolism and intracellular adenosine triphosphate production. Moreover, EEA treatment significantly increased the number of neurospheres, whereas HEEA treatment significantly increased the number of β-III-tubulin+ young neurons and GFAP+ astrocytes. SAMP8 mice were given 50 mg/kg EEA or HEEA orally for 30 days. EEA and HEEA decreased escape latency in the Morris water maze in SAMP8 mice, indicating improved memory. To detect stem cells and newborn neurons, we administered BrdU for 9 days and measured BrdU+ cells in the dentate gyrus, a neurogenic stem cell niche of the hippocampus. In SAMP8 mice, EEA rapidly and significantly increased the number of BrdU+GFAP+ stem cells and their progeny, BrdU+NeuN+ mature neurons. In conclusion, our data in aggregate indicate that EEA and its constituents could be developed into a nutraceutical for promoting brain health and function against several age-related diseases, particularly AD.

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