scholarly journals Borassus aethiopum-Fortified Bread Reduces Metabolic Risk Factors among Cardiovascular Disease Outpatients at 37 Military Hospital, Accra: A Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Charles Apprey ◽  
Marian Peprah ◽  
Reginald Adjetey Annan ◽  
Marina A. Tandoh ◽  
Odeafo Asamoah-Boakye
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Borassus Aethiopum

Background. Dyslipidemia and hypertension are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Objective. The study sought to evaluate the effects of Borassus aethiopum-fortified bread on metabolic risk factors among CVD outpatients. Method. From August 2016 to April 2017, a pilot study using a single-blinded randomized placebo-controlled trial was conducted by administering Borassus-fortified bread (150 g) and indistinguishable placebo (150 g white flour bread) daily to 122 CVD outpatients at 37 Military Hospital, Accra, Ghana, for 90 days. Body composition, blood pressure, and biochemical parameters were evaluated before and after the intervention. Results. Following the intervention, the mean waist circumference (before: 98.3±14.6 cm, after: 95.9±15.8 cm, P=0.030), BMI (before: 31.4±6.9 kg/m2, after: 28.0±5.8 kg/m2, P=0.027), and visceral fat (before: 10.4±3.2, after: 9.9±3.0, P=0.013), as well as systolic (from 161.2±25.5 to 137.6±22.9and diastolic (from 99.2±13.6 to 85.1±10.8) blood pressure, were significantly reduced among the experimental group. Likewise, serum total cholesterol (TC), LDL, and HDL were significantly reduced within the experimental group before (TC: 5.9±1.1, LDL: 3.4±1.1, and HDL: 2.2±0.5) and after the intervention (TC: 4.9±1.1, LDL: 2.8±0.9, and HDL: 1.5±0.4) (TC: P=0.001, LDL: P=0.016, and HDL: P < 0.001, in mmol/L). These reductions were not observed in the controls. Conclusion. The Borassus-fortified bread significantly reduced blood pressure and improved lipid profile and other metabolic risk factors among the CVD outpatients studied. Therefore, its potential in the management of CVDs and other metabolic-related diseases should be looked at.

FGF23, metabolic risk factors, and blood pressure in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism undergoing parathyroid adenomectomy

Surgery ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 159 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inga-Lena Nilsson ◽  
Sophie Norenstedt ◽  
Fredrik Granath ◽  
Jan Zedenius ◽  
Ylva Pernow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Primary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Risk

scholarly journals Maternal nutrition and its intergenerational links to non-communicable disease metabolic risk factors: a systematic review and narrative synthesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Wilkins ◽  
Kremlin Wickramasinghe ◽  
Jessie Pullar ◽  
Alessandro R. Demaio ◽  
Nia Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Maternal Exposure ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Adult Offspring ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Offspring Adiposity

Abstract Background Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of death and disability globally, while malnutrition presents a major global burden. An increasing body of evidence suggests that poor maternal nutrition is related to the development of NCDs and their risk factors in adult offspring. However, there has been no systematic evaluation of this evidence. Methods We searched eight electronic databases and reference lists for primary research published between 1 January 1996 and 31 May 2016 for studies presenting data on various dimensions of maternal nutritional status (including maternal exposure to famine, maternal gestational weight gain (GWG), maternal weight and/or body mass index (BMI), and maternal dietary intake) during pregnancy or lactation, and measures of at least one of three NCD metabolic risk factors (blood pressure, blood lipids and blood glucose) in the study population of offspring aged 18 years or over. Owing to high heterogeneity across exposures and outcomes, we employed a narrative approach for data synthesis (PROSPERO= CRD42016039244, CRD42016039247). Results Twenty-seven studies from 10 countries with 62,607 participants in total met our inclusion criteria. The review revealed considerable heterogeneity in findings across studies. There was evidence of a link between maternal exposure to famine during pregnancy with adverse blood pressure, blood lipid, and glucose metabolism outcomes in adult offspring in some contexts, with some tentative support for an influence of adult offspring adiposity in this relationship. However, the evidence base for maternal BMI, GWG, and dietary intake of specific nutrients during pregnancy was more limited and revealed no consistent support for a link between these exposures and adult offspring NCD metabolic risk factors. Conclusion The links identified between maternal exposure to famine and offspring NCD risk factors in some contexts, and the tentative support for the role of adult offspring adiposity in influencing this relationship, suggest the need for increased collaboration between maternal nutrition and NCD sectors. However, in view of the current scant evidence base for other aspects of maternal nutrition, and the overall heterogeneity of findings, ongoing monitoring and evaluation using large prospective studies and linked data sets is a major priority.

scholarly journals Association between fried food consumption and hypertension in Korean adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunjin Kang ◽  
Jihye Kim
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Fried Food ◽  
Korean Adults ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Low Hdl

AbstractThe present study explored the relationships between fried food consumption and metabolic risk factors and hypertension in Korean adults. The study was based on the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2010 and 2011. A total of 9221 Korean adults aged ≥19 years were studied. Fried food consumption was assessed using a validated FFQ. Metabolic risk factors such as waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), TAG, HDL-cholesterol and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) were measured. Hypertension was defined as SBP≥140 mmHg, DBP≥90 mmHg or current use of antihypertensive medication. Adjusted OR for elevated blood pressure significantly increased in men (OR 1·62; 95 % CI 1·11, 2·37;Ptrend=0·0447) and women (OR 2·20; 95 % CI 1·21, 4·00;Ptrend=0·0403) with a greater than twice a week consumption of fried food compared with those who rarely consumed fried food. However, fried food consumption was not associated with other metabolic risk factors (abdominal obesity, high FPG, hypertriacylglycerolaemia, low HDL-cholesterol and the metabolic syndrome). The adjusted OR for hypertension increased by 2·4-fold in women (OR 2·37; 95 % CI 1·19, 4·72;Ptrend=0·0272) with a greater than twice a week fried food consumption compared with those who rarely consumed it. No significant association was found between fried food consumption and hypertension in men. This study suggests that frequent fried food consumption is associated with hypertension in Korean women. Further studies are needed to investigate the effect of different types of fried foods on hypertension.

Abstract 14615: The Preventable Causes of Cardiovascular Diseases in China: Comparative Risk Assessment of Dietary, Lifestyle, and Metabolic Risk Factors

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanping Li ◽  
Frank Hu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Exposure Distribution

Background: fuelled by rapid urbanization and changes in dietary and lifestyle choices, cardiovascular disease (CVD) has emerged as the leading cause of death in China. Purposes: to estimate the CVD events that potentially contributed to 9 modifiable dietary, lifestyle, and metabolic risk factors in China. Methods: We used data on risk factor exposures in the Chinese population from nationally representative health surveys and CVD morbidity and mortality statistics from the China Health Statistical Yearbook and the National Population Census. We obtained the etiological effects of risk factors on CVD risk, by age, from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of epidemiological studies. We estimated the number of CVD events attributable to all non-optimal levels of each risk factor exposure, by urban/rural, age and sex. Results: Based on the exposure distribution estimated by 2009 China Health Nutrition Survey, the population attributable risk (PAR) on CVD events was 47.3% for high blood pressure, 23.2%, for physical inactivity, 18.5% for smoking, 13.5 for high BMI, 13.0% for high LDL cholesterol, 11.8% for high blood glucose, 11.1% for low dietary intakes of fruit and vegetable, 7.1% for high sodium intake and 3.5% for low PUFA intake, which was 78.0%, 18.8%, 20.9%, 21.9%, 8.2%, 16.1%, 12.0%, 20.3% and 2.0%, respectively, based on exposure distribution of 2002 China National Nutrition and Health Survey. In 2009, high blood pressure was responsible for 3.9 million CVD events, including 1.4 million CHD, 1.5 million ischemic strokes and 1 million hemorrhagic strokes. Large gender difference was found for PAR% of smoking (male 27.8%/female 6.5%). Conclusions: High blood pressure, smoking and physical inactivity, which all have effective interventions, are responsible for the largest number of CVD events in China. Other dietary, lifestyle, and metabolic risk factors for chronic diseases also cause a substantial number of CVD morbidity and mortality in China.

P6143Body-mass index, blood pressure, diabetes and cardiovascular mortality in Cuba: prospective cohort study of 146,665 participants

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B W H Lacey ◽  
N Armas ◽  
J A Burrett ◽  
R Peto ◽  
A Duenas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Abstract Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of premature death in Cuba, accounting for about one third of all deaths under age 70 years. Substantial uncertainty remains, however, about the relevance of major metabolic risk factors to CVD mortality in this population. Purpose To relate body-mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diabetes to risk of CVD death in Cuba. Methods In a prospective cohort study, 146,665 adults were recruited from the general population in five areas of Cuba between 1996 and 2002. Participants were interviewed, measured (height, weight and blood pressure) and followed up by electronic linkage to Cuban national death registries to Jan 1 2017; 24,345 participants were resurveyed between 2006 and 2008. After excluding all with missing data or chronic disease at recruitment or, to further limit reverse causality, those who died in the first 5 years, Cox regression (adjusted for age, sex, education, smoking, alcohol and, where appropriate, BMI) was used to relate mortality rate ratios (RRs) at ages 35–79 years to BMI, SBP and diabetes. Correlations of baseline and resurvey values were used to corrected RRs for regression dilution, and thereby estimate associations with long-term average (“usual”) levels of SBP and BMI. Results After exclusions, there were 117,008 participants age 35–79 (mean age 52 [SD 12]; 55% women). At recruitment, mean SBP was 124 mm Hg (SD 15), mean BMI was 24.2 kg/m2 (SD 3.6) and 5% had diabetes; mean SBP and diabetes prevalence were both strongly related to BMI. Correlations of resurvey and baseline measurements were 0.48 for SBP and 0.60 for BMI. At ages 35–79 years, there were 3780 CVD deaths (1871 ischaemic heart disease [IHD], 766 stroke, and 1143 other). CVD mortality was positively associated with BMI (down to about 22–23 kg/m2; figure), SBP and diabetes: 10 kg/m2 higher usual BMI approximately doubled CVD mortality (RR 1.90, 95% CI 1.61–2.24), as did 20 mmHg higher usual SBP (2.03, 1.88–2.20), and a prior diagnosis of diabetes (2.18, 1.97–2.42). The associations were similar in men and women. Given these associations, about one quarter (27%) of CVD deaths in this study were attributable to these metabolic risk factors combined. Conclusion These associations differ to those reported from other parts of Latin America, and are more consistent with studies in Europe and North America, highlighting the need for many more large-scale prospective studies in low and middle income countries. This study provides direct evidence for the expected benefit on CVD mortality of addressing major metabolic risk factors in Cuba. As the levels of these metabolic risk factors are increasing in Cuba, so too is their importance as determinants of premature CVD death. Acknowledgement/Funding Medical Research Council, British Heart Foundation, Cancer Research UK

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document