scholarly journals Reproductive Performance in a Selected Sample of Dairy Farms in Una-Sana Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Adis Softic ◽  
Adam Dunstan Martin ◽  
Eystein Skjerve ◽  
Nihad Fejzic ◽  
Teufik Goletic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Recording System ◽  
Calving Interval ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products ◽  
Services Per Pregnancy

Background. The production of milk and dairy products and their placement on the market represent a constant profit for the farmers/producers in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BH). The profitable operation of the dairy farms is influenced by the reproductive performance of the lactating animals. This study assessed individual animal reproductive characteristics in selected dairy farms and described their reproductive performance indicators. Results. The median age at first insemination was 493 days (5th–95th percentile range 429–840), while the age at first calving was 802 days (5th–95th percentile range 708–1168). The median pregnancy proportion at first insemination was 40% (5th–95th percentile range 17–62), while the cumulative pregnancy rate calculated at day-60, day-80, day-100, and day-120 showed that approximately 64% of all pregnancies happened before day-120. The calculated interservice intervals showed that approximately 69% of the repeat breeding animals came back to the oestrus in the period of 18 to 24 days. This is an indication of very good oestrus detection in selected dairy farms. The mean number of services per pregnancy was 2.61 (range 1–12). The median calving-to-first-insemination interval was 62.5 days (5th–95th percentile range 16–408). The calving-to-conception interval was 101 day (5th–95th percentile range 36–506). Finally, the calving interval was 385 days (5th–95th percentile range 329–773). Conclusions. There is a need for an organised, regular, and more comprehensive recording system for the reproduction of dairy cattle among dairy farms in Una-Sana Canton. The calculated reproductive measures indicated an undulant trend in reproductive performance among selected dairy farms in Una-Sana Canton. Knowing the apparent reproductive indicators described in this study, the farmers and veterinary authorities may identify and correct areas in their management that contribute to the reproductive underperformance.

scholarly journals The Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk, soft cheese and yoghurt in Baghdad Province by Using ELISA Test

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Najim Hadi Najim
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
White Cheese ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products

     Milk and dairy products are fundamental components in the human diet and may be the principle way for entrance of Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in to the human body. All milk and dairy products samples were tested for the occurrence of AFM1 by the competitive ELISA technique. Out of 32 bovine raw milk samples that were collected from eight villages around Baghdad province, 32 samples (100 %) were contaminated with AFM1 ranging from 0.15 to 86.96ng/kg with mean value of 42.37±26.07 ng/kg, of which 17 samples were contaminated with concentrations < 50 ng/kg and 15 samples exceeded the maximum acceptable level of AFM1 in milk (50 ng/kg) imposed by the European legislation. The raw milk samples belonged to animals fed with composite and stored fodder as in Althahab Alabiadh, Radhwaniya and Fadhaliya villages had higher significantly AFM1 concentrations over all the other five villages (Grazing feed). All 32 (100%) locally produced soft white cheese samples analyzed were contaminated with AFM1 ranging from 31.84 to 89.44 ng/kg with the mean value of 59.92±17.03 ng/kg. Out of 32 locally produced yoghurt samples analyzed, 32 samples (100%) were contaminated with AFM1 ranging from 0.16 to 42.74 ng/kg with the mean value of 16.92±11.55 ng/kg. Thirty samples (100%) of the examined 30 imported UHT milk samples that were collected from different commercial companies in the province of Baghdad presented significantly  high contamination level with AFM1 that were found to range from 0.18 to 85.66 ng/kg.

Occurrence of Clostridium perfringens in Milk and Dairy Products

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 536-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. EL-BASSIONY
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Ice Cream ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Processed Cheese ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products

A total of 163 samples of milk and milk products (including raw milk, Damietta and Kareish cheese, hard and processed cheese, yogurt, butter and ice cream) were collected from Assiut City markets. Clostridium perfringens was detected in 45.5, 20, 30, 14.3, 20, 10, 50 and 20% of the examined samples, respectively, using SPS agar. With TSN agar, the organism was isolated from 72.7, 20, 30, 28.6, 50, 10, 50, and 30% of the samples, respectively. The mean value of the C. perfringens count using SPS agar was 53.6/ml, 40/g, 60/g, 14.3/g, 30/g, 1.4/g, 25/g and 8/ml of raw milk, Damietta and Kareish cheese, hard and processed cheese, yogurt, butter and ice cream samples, respectively, while the mean values of C. perfringens counts obtained with TSN agar were 76.4/ml, 170/g, 140/g, 42.9/g, 590/g, 2.9/g, 172.9/g, and 109/ml of examined samples, respectively. Milk and dairy products, if improperly handled, provide a means for transmission of C. perfringens to the consumer.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Levels of Airborne Bacteria in Dairy Farms: A Review

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Álvaro Rafael Quintana ◽  
Susana Seseña ◽  
Ana Garzón ◽  
Ramón Arias
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Quality Of Milk ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products

This review attempts to reflect the importance of different factors that affect the environmental quality of dairy farms and must, therefore, be taken into account when considering the importance of environmental microbiology as a tool in the improvement of the quality of milk and dairy products. The effect of a factor such as temperature is vital for the dairy farm environment, especially when the temperatures are extreme, because a proper choice of temperature range improves the quality of the air and, thus, animal welfare. Similarly, the appropriate level of relative humidity in the environment should be taken into consideration to avoid the proliferation of microorganisms on the farm. Air quality, well-designed livestock housing, proper hygienic practices on the farm, stocking density, and the materials used in the livestock houses are all important factors in the concentration of microorganisms in the environment, promoting better welfare for the animals. In addition, a ventilation system is required to prevent the pollution of the farm environment. It is demonstrated that proper ventilation reduces the microbial load of the environment of dairy farms, enhancing the quality of the air and, therefore, the wellbeing of the animals. All this information is very useful to establish certain standards on dairy farms to improve the quality of the environment and, thereby, achieve better quality milk and dairy products.

Enterotoxin Production by Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Mastitic Cows

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 1693-1696 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. T. CENCI-GOGA ◽  
M. KARAMA ◽  
P. V. ROSSITTO ◽  
R. A. MORGANTE ◽  
J. S. CULLOR
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
San Joaquin Valley ◽  
In Vitro Synthesis ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products

Staphylococcus aureus is an important cause of mastitis in cows. The ability of S. aureus strains to produce one or more enterotoxins in milk and dairy products is linked to staphylococcal food poisoning. To determine whether staphylococci causing bovine mastitis could cause human foodborne intoxication, the production of staphylococcal enterotoxins A through D (SEA, SEB, SEC, and SED) by 160 S. aureus isolates was evaluated with the use of a reverse passive latex agglutination enterotoxin kit. All S. aureus strains were isolated over a 9-month period from 2,343 routine submissions of a composite quarter collection of individual mastitic cows at 18 dairy farms in the San Joaquin Valley in California. Prior to enterotoxin detection, isolates were grown by a method that enhances the in vitro synthesis of enterotoxin. Twenty-two of 160 S. aureus isolates produced enterotoxin. Seven produced SEC, 12 produced SED, and 3 produced both SEC and SED. None of the isolates produced SEA or SEB.

scholarly journals Husbandry Practices of Dairy Farming at Chittagong Sub-urban Area

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
MSA Faruk ◽  
SKMA Islam ◽  
M Alam ◽  
A Deb ◽  
GC Chanda
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Dairy Farming ◽  
General Information ◽  
High Price ◽  
Calving Interval ◽  
Technical Knowledge ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Business Enterprise ◽  
Dry Period

The present study was carried out to know the present status including general information, feeding, breeding, housing, milking etc. and costs and returns of small dairy farms, to compare the productive and reproductive performance of crossbred and indigenous cows and to make recommendation for development of small scales dairy farming. With this view, the empirical data were collected by using pretested questionnaire. The study was conducted at preselected 30 dairy farms in Chittagong suburban area, and four months-long survey was diminished on thirty small dairy owners. It appeared that 57% farm owners belong to business class and remaining 43% to different categories. Fifty three percent took dairying as a side-business whereas only 47% took it as a main business enterprise. Major percentage of farm owner education level was Higher Secondary (60%). The dry period, calving interval, services per conception and day’s open of crossbred was 98.5±18.9, 419±11,3.1±0.82, 118±25.8 and indigenous was 140±10.4, 428±24.7,1.95±0.44, 137±7.78 respectively. The study showed that there were significant (P<0.01) differences within the dry period, services per conception, calving to first service, highest and lowest milk production and lactation period of crossbred and indigenous dairy cows. The study also showed non-significant differences within calving interval for crossbred and indigenous. In case of small dairy farming, the farms were facing a lot of problems such as scarcity of feeds and fodder, high price of concentrate and lack of technical knowledge. This type of dairy farming will be a potential sector for economic development of Bangladesh.International Journal of Natural Sciences (2015), 5(2) 59-65

scholarly journals Determination of Aflatoxin M1 and Ochratoxin A in Raw, Pasteurized and UHT Milk in Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cagla Turkoglu ◽  
Erhan Keyvan
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Uht Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products

Background: Mycotoxins produced by yeast and fungi have toxic effects on human and animal health. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most toxic hepatocarcinogen to mammals. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), which has been found in milk and dairy products, is the hydroxylated metabolite of AFB1. Aflatoxin M1 is formed by the cytochrome P450 enzyme in the liver. Ochratoxin A (OTA) is synthesized by Aspergillus and Penicillium species. Ochratoxin A is known to cause teratogenic, immunotoxic, nephrotoxic and carcinogenic effects. Due to the potential harmful effects on human and animal health, OTA has also been receiving increased attention globally; however, there is limited information on the presence of OTA in milk and dairy products. The aim of this study was to determine how mycotoxins impact the hygienic quality of raw and heat-processed milk.Materials, Methods & Results: In this study, a total of 105 milk samples were analyzed (35 raw, 35 pasteurized and 35 UHT) to identify AFM1 and OTA in raw, pasteurized and ultra-high temperature processing (UHT) milk. The levels of AFM1 were detected by using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The milk samples were centrifugedin order to remove the fat content from the milk. After centrifugation, the upper cream layer was withdrawn with a pipette. The non-fat liquid portion was placed in wells at 100 μL for analysis. The concentration of AFM1 in the milk samples was analyzed by AFM1 test kit.The milk samples with AFM1 levels greater than 50 ng/L were confirmed by using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). An Ochratoxin A Serum / Milk ELISA test kit was used for the analyses of OTA. The analyses were made according to the manufacturer’s instructions, and samples were analyzed in duplicate. The absorbance value of milk samples was obtained from the ELISA plate reader at 450 nm. The mean value of AFM1 was found to be 19.54 ng/L in the milk samples. According to the European Commission (EC), the maximum limit for AFM1 in milk is 50 ng/L. In our study, eight (7.61%) of the 105 samples exceeded this limit. The mean value of OTA was found to be 119 ng/L in the milk samples. The relationship between milk type and levels of AFM1 was found to be significant at (P < 0.01). The mean value of AFM1 in pasteurized milk was found statistically significant and lower than raw milk (P < 0.05). The difference between levels of OTA and milk type was not statistically significant at (P > 0.05).Discussion: Milk is a great protein source especially for children in the age of growth.  Yeasts such as Fusarium, Aspergillus and Penicillium produce mycotoxins that cause food, feed contamination. Owing to carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic effects of AFM1, presence of AFM1 in milk samples may adversely affect human health. The presence of AFM1 in different contamination levels can be observed in milk and milk products. Factors such as ration type, climate conditions, feed storage conditions, feeding regime and health status of dairy animals may be effective in the occurrence of these contamination. It is necessary to establish legal limits by conducting effective research on the existence of OTA in animal-derived products. The existence of mycotoxins in milk and dairy products can be reduced by preventing the contamination of feed materials with yeast and molds used in the feeding of dairy cows. Milk is one of the most important protein source for the human, effective hygienic controls should be applied to prevent microbiological and chemical hazards. Our data suggest that heat-treated milk may also be dangerous to human health, mycotoxins contamination should be controled with monitoring programs routinely in milk and feed materials for food safety. Determination of Aflatoxin M1 and Ochratoxin A in Raw, Pasteurized and UHT Milk in Turkey

scholarly journals Donkey Milk Production Technology and Efficient Farm Management in Georgia

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 128-133
Author(s):  
Natia Osiashvili
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Production Technology ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Farm Management ◽  
Human Nutrition ◽  
Donkey Milk ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products

Millions of people in today's world consume milk and dairy products, which are not only an important source of food for these people, but also a source of livelihood for farmers and processors. But to achieve this, consumers, dairy farms and processors need up-to-date the information on how the milk and dairy products can contribute to healthy human nutrition and how the dairy industry is evolving. Keywords: milk, food, farm management, economy.

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