scholarly journals Research Progress of Drug Prophylaxis for Lens Capsule Opacification after Cataract Surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong-Pei Zhang ◽  
Zheng-Gao Xie
Keyword(s):  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Lens Capsule ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Anterior Capsule ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Standard Operation ◽  
Operation Procedure ◽  
The Common ◽  
Drug Prophylaxis

Phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation is the international standard operation procedure for cataract and has been generalized worldwide. However, lens capsule opacification, one of the common complications after cataract surgery, impacts the recovery of patients’ visual function to a large extent. Lens capsule opacification has two types, anterior capsule opacification (ACO) and posterior capsule opacification (PCO), according to the location. There is not an accepted approach to treat ACO. Nd : YAG laser capsulotomy, the common treatment of PCO, can effectively improve the vision, but may cause a series of complications and is inappropriate for children who are too young to cooperate with this treatment. It is generally known that the responses of lens epithelial cells (LECs) after cataract surgery, including cell proliferation, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), play a key role in the pathogenesis of lens capsule opacification. Scholars found that substantial drugs can reduce the occurrence of lens capsule opacification by inhibiting, clearing, or killing LECs, and made great efforts as well as innovations on the exploration of drug species or modes of administration. This article is a systematic interpretation and elaboration about how to prevent lens capsule opacification after cataract surgery via different drugs.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Understanding the Mechanisms of Elemene in Reversing Drug Resistance in Tumor Cells: A Review

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (19) ◽  
pp. 5792
Author(s):  
Tiantian Tan ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Ruhua Luo ◽  
Rongrong Wang ◽  
Liyan Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Tumor Resistance ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Common ◽  
Abcb1 Transporter

Malignant tumors are life-threatening, and chemotherapy is one of the common treatment methods. However, there are often many factors that contribute to the failure of chemotherapy. The multidrug resistance of cancer cells during chemotherapy has been reported, since tumor cells’ sensitivity decreases over time. To overcome these problems, extensive studies have been conducted to reverse drug resistance in tumor cells. Elemene, an extract of the natural drug Curcuma wenyujin, has been found to reverse drug resistance and sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapy. Mechanisms by which elemene reverses tumor resistance include inhibiting the efflux of ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1(ABCB1) transporter, reducing the transmission of exosomes, inducing apoptosis and autophagy, regulating the expression of key genes and proteins in various signaling pathways, blocking the cell cycle, inhibiting stemness, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and so on. In this paper, the mechanisms of elemene’s reversal of drug resistance are comprehensively reviewed.

scholarly journals Biological functions and clinical significance of long noncoding RNAs in bladder cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Xianwu Chen ◽  
Juntao Lin ◽  
Xiaodong Jin
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Long Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition

AbstractBladder cancer (BCa) is one of the 10 most common cancers with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), a large class of noncoding RNA transcripts, consist of more than 200 nucleotides and play a significant role in the regulation of molecular interactions and cellular pathways during the occurrence and development of various cancers. In recent years, with the rapid advancement of high-throughput gene sequencing technology, several differentially expressed lncRNAs have been discovered in BCa, and their functions have been proven to have an impact on BCa development, such as cell growth and proliferation, metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis, and drug-resistance. Furthermore, evidence suggests that lncRNAs are significantly associated with BCa patients’ clinicopathological characteristics, especially tumor grade, TNM stage, and clinical progression stage. In addition, lncRNAs have the potential to more accurately predict BCa patient prognosis, suggesting their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for BCa patients in the future. In this review, we briefly summarize and discuss recent research progress on BCa-associated lncRNAs, while focusing on their biological functions and mechanisms, clinical significance, and targeted therapy in BCa oncogenesis and malignant progression.

scholarly journals FEZF1-AS1: a novel vital oncogenic lncRNA in multiple human malignancies

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Changlong Shi ◽  
Li Sun ◽  
Yongsheng Song
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Chromatin Modification ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Organ Specificity ◽  
Signal Pathways ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Transcription 3

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) refer to the RNA with a length of >200 nucleotides, which lack or have no open reading coding frame and have higher tissue and organ specificity compared with the protein coding genes. A surging number of studies have shown that lncRNA is involved in numerous essential regulatory processes, such as X chromosome silencing, genomic imprinting, chromatin modification, transcriptional activation, transcriptional interference and nuclear transport, which are closely related to the occurrence and development of human malignancies. FEZ family Zinc Finger 1-Antisense RNA 1 (FEZF1-AS1) of FEZ family is a recently discovered lncRNA. FEZF1-AS1 is highly expressed in pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, lung adenocarcinoma and other human malignancies, and is associated with poor prognosis. As an oncogene, it plays crucial role in the proliferation, migration, invasion and Warburg effect of various tumor cells. In addition, FEZF1-AS1 is also involved in the regulation of multiple signal pathways such as epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and Wnt/ β-catenin. In this paper, the recent research progress of FEZF1-AS1 in tumorigenesis and development is reviewed systematically.

scholarly journals The Misregulation of Cell Adhesion Components during Tumorigenesis: Overview and Commentary

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia D. Andl
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Matrix Interaction ◽  
Cell Matrix ◽  
Signaling Function ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Impact

Cell adhesion complexes facilitate attachment between cells or the binding of cells to the extracellular matrix. The regulation of cell adhesion is an important step in embryonic development and contributes to tissue homeostasis allowing processes such as differentiation and cell migration. Many mechanisms of cancer progression are reminiscent of embryonic development, for example, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and involve the disruption of cell adhesion and expression changes in components of cell adhesion structures. Tight junctions, adherens junctions, desmosomes, and focal adhesion besides their roles in cell-cell or cell-matrix interaction also possess cell signaling function. Perturbations of such signaling pathways can lead to cancer. This article gives an overview of the common structures of cell adhesion and summarizes the impact of their loss on cancer development and progression with articles highlighted from the present issue.

scholarly journals Role of ACTN4 in Tumorigenesis, Metastasis, and EMT

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitri Tentler ◽  
Ekaterina Lomert ◽  
Ksenia Novitskaya ◽  
Nikolai A. Barlev
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Region ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Actin Binding ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Cytoskeleton Reorganization ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Nuclear Processes

The actin-binding protein ACTN4 belongs to a family of actin-binding proteins and is a non-muscle alpha-actinin that has long been associated with cancer development. Numerous clinical studies showed that changes in ACTN4 gene expression are correlated with aggressiveness, invasion, and metastasis in certain tumors. Amplification of the 19q chromosomal region where the gene is located has also been reported. Experimental manipulations with ACTN4 expression further confirmed its involvement in cell proliferation, motility, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, both clinical and experimental data suggest that the effects of ACTN4 up- or down-regulation may vary a lot between different types of tumors. Functional studies demonstrated its engagement in a number of cytoplasmic and nuclear processes, ranging from cytoskeleton reorganization to regulation of different signaling pathways. Such a variety of functions may be the reason behind cell type and cell line specific responses. Herein, we will review research progress and controversies regarding the prognostic and functional significance of ACTN4 for tumorigenesis.

scholarly journals Research Progress on the Functions and Mechanism of circRNA in Cisplatin Resistance in Tumors

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingchun Mu ◽  
Yue Lv ◽  
Chunmei Luo ◽  
Xiaojing Liu ◽  
Chunming Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Target Gene ◽  
Cisplatin Resistance ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Overall Survival Rate ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Drug ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Damage Repair ◽  
Promising Target

Cisplatin is a common chemotherapeutic drug that has been used to treat of numerous tumors, including testicular, lung, bladder, ovarian, liver and head and neck cancers. Although clinical chemotherapy based on cisplatin has shown a remarkable therapeutic effect, the resistance to cisplatin becomes increasingly obvious as a patient uses it for a prolonged period. It not only affects the prognosis of these tumors, but also causes the recurrence of cancer and decreases the overall survival rate. The development of cisplatin resistance involves several mechanisms, including DNA damage repair, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, autophagy, cancer stem cells (CSCs), epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), and other related signaling pathways. Interestingly, these mechanisms have been found to be influenced by circular RNAs (circRNAs) to regulate tumor proliferation, invasion, chemosensitivity, and other biological behaviors in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In recent years, circRNAs in cisplatin resistance in tumors, especially lung cancer and gastric cancer, have gradually drawn peoples’ attention. This review summarizes recent studies on the functions and mechanisms of circRNAs in cisplatin resistance. We emphasize that circRNA can be used as a promising target gene to improve drug resistance and therapeutic efficacy.

scholarly journals Current research progress on hypoxia and tumor

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 475
Author(s):  
Jafar Abdel-Hadi ◽  
Adnan Mesmar
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Signal Molecules ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Tumor Cell Migration ◽  
Diffusion Function

Hypoxia is the decrease of normal oxygen tension in tissues. It often occurs in the tissues of acute and chronic vascular diseases or lung diseases and cancerous lesions. Severe or persistent hypoxia can lead to the death of cell. The lack of oxygen in the tumor is mainly due to the absence or deficiency of normal tumor blood vessel function, which results in a decrease of the oxygen diffusion function within the tumor, eventually leading to a series of biochemical reactions. Although hypoxia is toxic on tumor cells, tumor cells still have a strong adaptability. In the hypoxic microenvironment of tumors, tumor cells can produce adaptive changes or genetic changes so that the tumor could survive in an oxygen-deficient environment, even proliferate. Finally, tumor progression will happen. This process visualizes malignant phenotype of the tumor and makes them more aggressive. The epithelial mesenchymal transition in the tumor microenvironment plays an important role in tumor cell migration, invasion, malignant progression and metastasis. Hypoxia leads to epithelial-mesenchymal transition in tumor tissue, reconstitution of extracellular matrix in tumors, and induction of resistance to antitumor drugs. There are many researches related to hypoxia and tumors. The research contents are complex. Targeted therapy for hypoxia is receiving more and more attention, but the overlapping of signal molecules due to the related mechanism between hypoxia and tumors. An effective hypoxia-targeted therapeutic drug that can be used clinically which requires hard work and arduous exploration from researchers.

scholarly journals Femtolaser Systems in Congenital Cataract Surgery in Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1S) ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
I. S. Zaidullin ◽  
Yu. K. Burkhanov
Keyword(s):  
Femtosecond Laser ◽  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Congenital Cataract ◽  
Lens Capsule ◽  
Anterior Capsule ◽  
Visual Rehabilitation ◽  
Congenital Cataracts ◽  
Anterior Lens Capsule ◽  
Child Age ◽  
Congenital Cataract Surgery

Purpose. To study the features and results of femtolaser use in congenital cataract surgery in children. Patients and Methods. 35 children (37 eyes) with congenital cataracts aged from 12 months to 14 years (5.38 ± 6.3 years) were examined and surgical treated. The first stage of the operation included femtolaser execution of the anterior capsulorhexis (femtosecond laser Victus™ (Technolas Perfect Vision/Baush&Lomb, Germany). The second stage was the flap of the anterior capsule removal, the performance of hydrodissection, aspiration of lens masses, intracapsular implantation of the IOL. Results. In case of femtolaser capsulotomy, its diameter increased. It depended on the child age and the state of the anterior lens capsule. The obtained disc diameter of the anterior capsule in almost all eyes was significantly less than planned, due to its high elasticity in children. Conclusion. The use of a femtosecond laser in children with congenital cataracts, especially in infants, increase the effectiveness of visual rehabilitation. When conducting an anterior femtolaser capsulotomy in children with congenital cataract, it is necessary to take into account an increase in the diameter of the anterior capsulotomy, depending on child age and the condition of the anterior lens capsule. The first stage of surgery under local anesthesia in older children requires an individual approach.

scholarly journals Velvet Antler compounds targeting major cell signaling pathways in osteosarcoma - a new insight into mediating the process of invasion and metastasis in OS

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengyao Zhang ◽  
Pengfei Li ◽  
Tie Li ◽  
Changwei Zhao ◽  
Guoxiang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Osteosarcoma Cell ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Velvet Antler ◽  
And Migration

AbstractVelvet antler is the only renewable bone tissue of mammalian animals, which consists of a variety of growth factors, amino acids and polypeptides. But the mechanism of high-speed proliferation without carcinogenesis is still mystifying. The previous study of this work found that the velvet antler peptides (VAP) could not only inhibit the proliferation and migration of osteosarcoma cell lines MG-63 and U2OS, but also induced U2OS apoptosis and inhibited MG-63 epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through TGF-β and Notch pathways. These results lead us to conclude that VAP has the potential ability to mediate osteosarcoma cells by regulating related signaling pathways and growth factors. Therefore, finding a new appropriate inhibitor for OS is a valuable research direction, which will give patients a better chance to receive proper therapy. From an applied perspective, this review summarized the effects of velvet antler, genes, growth factors and research progress of relative pathways and genes of osteosarcoma, which are poised to help link regenerative molecular biology and regenerative medicine in osteosarcoma pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Collagen VI and Hyaluronan: The Common Role in Breast Cancer

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgenia Karousou ◽  
Maria Luisa D'Angelo ◽  
Katerina Kouvidi ◽  
Davide Vigetti ◽  
Manuela Viola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Tumour Progression ◽  
Mammary Cells ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Collagen Vi ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Intact Molecule ◽  
The Common

Collagen VI and hyaluronan are widely distributed extracellular matrix macromolecules that play a crucial role in tissue development and are highly expressed in cancers. Both hyaluronan and collagen VI are upregulated in breast cancer, generating a microenvironment that promotes tumour progression and metastasis. A growing number of studies show that these two molecules are involved in inflammation and angiogenesis by recruiting macrophages and endothelial cells, respectively. Additionally, collagen VI induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition that is correlated to increased synthesis of hyaluronan in mammary cells. Hyaluronan has also a specific role in cellular functions that depends mainly on the size of the polymer, whereas the effect of collagen VI in tumour progression may be the result of the intact molecule or the C5 peptide ofα3(VI) chain, known as endotrophin. Collectively, these findings strongly support the parallel role of these molecules in tumour progression and suggest that they may be used as prognostic factors for the breast cancer treatment.

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