scholarly journals Antidepression and Prokinetic Effects of Paeoniflorin on Rats in the Forced Swimming Test via Polypharmacology

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Dao-zhou Mu ◽  
Mei Xue ◽  
Jian-jun Xu ◽  
Ying Hu ◽  
Yi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swimming Test ◽  
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Forced Swimming ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Swimming Test

Paeoniflorin, an organic compound extracted from the roots of the white peony (Paeonia lactiflora) plant, has previously been shown to exert antidepression and prokinetic effects. The traditional Chinese prescription Si-Ni-San, of which paeoniflorin is a constituent, is often used in treating depression and functional gastrointestinal disorders. The effectiveness of Si-Ni-San has been shown to be less effective in a paeoniflorin-deleted form. The present study further investigates whether paeoniflorin alone is as effective as herbal prescriptions in which the compound is a constituent, specifically any antidepressive and prokinetic effect on rats subjected to a forced swimming test (FST). The FST was used to establish the depression model. Sprague-Dawley rats were administrated with 10 mg/kg paeoniflorin by gastrogavage three times before the behavioral test and gastrointestinal motility tests, respectively. In antidepression studies, fluoxetine was used as the positive control. In order to determine the effect of paeoniflorin on the gastrointestinal movement, mosapride was used as the positive control. Plasma and hippocampus monoamine, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), superoxide dismutase (SOD), methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA), ghrelin, motilin, and hippocampus nitric oxide (NO) were assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Gastrointestinal (GI) motility was measured in vivo and in vitro. Rats subjected to FST showed decreased gastric emptying and intestinal transit in vivo, decreased plasma and hippocampus 5-hydroxytryptamine, norepinephrine, dopamine, ghrelin, motilin, and reduced plasma BDNF and SOD as well as increased plasma and hippocampus corticotropin-releasing hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, corticosterone, plasma MDA, and hippocampus NO. Paeoniflorin reversed these symptoms in a similar manner to fluoxetine and mosapride, respectively. In vitro, paeoniflorin can stimulate the jejunal contract of healthy rats dose-dependently. The results suggest that paeoniflorin can simultaneously exert antidepression and prokinetic effects via polypharmacology.

Cases of Sprague-Dawley Rats Which Did Not Respond to an ‘Alarm Substance’ in the Forced Swimming Test

1996 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 1007-1018
Author(s):  
Toshiaki Tachibana ◽  
Akie Yoko ◽  
Hiroshi Yoshino
Keyword(s):  
Water Contamination ◽  
Forced Swimming Test ◽  
Forced Swimming ◽  
Alarm Substance ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Inner Diameter ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
Series Of Experiments

The fact found by Abel and his group that rats produce an ‘alarm substance’ while swimming was examined by employing a single-subject approach. Sprague-Dawley rats were tested in the forced swimming test situation in fresh water and in water soiled by another rat. In Exp. 1, Sprague-Dawley rats from Japan SLC, Inc. were used. No evidence of responding to the ‘alarm substance’ was found. Then, further experiments were conducted employing methods similar to those of Abel and his group. In Exp. 2, Sprague-Dawley rats from Charles River, Japan, were used. In Exp. 3, the water depth and inner diameter in a cylinder used were the same as those used by Abel and his group, and the water was soiled more thoroughly. In Exp. 4, the level of water contamination was raised to four times that employed in Exps. 1 and 2. However, the series of experiments yielded no evidence of the ‘alarm substance.’ Breeder differences among subjects might explain the discrepancy in results.

The Antidepressant Effect of Gastrodia elata Bl. on the Forced-Swimming Test in Rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (01) ◽  
pp. 95-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Ju Chen ◽  
Ching-Liang Hsieh ◽  
Kuan-Pin Su ◽  
Yu-Chi Hou ◽  
Hsiu-Mei Chiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swimming Test ◽  
Test Session ◽  
Forced Swimming ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Gastrodia Elata ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid ◽  
Swimming Test

Depression is a common psychiatric disorder with a high morbidity and mortality rate. The pharmacotherapy used in clinic today is not suitable for all patients and causes certain side-effects. Thus, looking for alternative treatments with antidepressant effect and minimal side-effect is important. Gastrodia elata Bl. is a famous Chinese traditional medicine used for centuries. The aim of this study is to test the antidepressant effect of Gastrodia elata Bl. extract (GE) using forced-swimming test (FST). Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to control, GE, and fluoxetine groups, treated with 10 ml/kg bw (body weight) water, 1 g/kg bw of GE, and 15 mg/kg bw of fluoxetine, respectively. Those samples were administered by gavage to rats 23.5, 4.5 and 1 hour prior to the test session of FST. After FST, the animals were sacrificed and their brains were collected for monoamines analysis. The results indicated that the duration of immobility was significantly decreased in GE group compared to the control (p < 0.05). The concentration of serotonin (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), and the ratio of 5-HIAA/5-HT in frontal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus were not significantly different between GE and the control groups. However, administration of GE significantly increased the dopamine (DA) concentration (p < 0.05) and decreased the concentration of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) (p < 0.01) and DA turnover (p < 0.05) in striatum compared to the control. The results of this study show that Gastrodia elata Bl. extract modulates the turnover of DA in rats, and thus probably possesses antidepressant effect in rats.

scholarly journals Pharmacological comparison of four biopolymeric natural gums as hemostatic agents for management of bleeding wounds: preliminary in vitro and in vivo results

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Himanshu Kushwah ◽  
Nidhi Sandal ◽  
Meenakshi Chauhan ◽  
Gaurav Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Xanthan Gum ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Gum Tragacanth ◽  
Civilian Trauma ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Cytotoxicity Studies

Abstract Background Uncontrolled bleeding is one of the primary reasons for preventable death in both civilian trauma and military battle field. This study evaluates in vitro and in vivo hemostatic potential of four biopolymeric natural gums, namely, gum tragacanth, guar gum, xanthan gum, and gum acacia. In vitro evaluation of whole blood clotting time and erythrocyte agglutination assay were carried out. In vitro cytotoxicity studies with respect to each gum were done in human lymphocytes to ascertain percent cell viability. In vivo hemostatic potential of each gum (as sponge dressing and powder form) was evaluated in Sprague Dawley rats using tail bleeding assay and compared with commercially available hemostatic sponge. Other important parameters like (a) time taken for complete hemostasis, (b) amount of blood absorbed, (c) adherence strength of developed hemostatic dressing(s), (d) incidence of re-bleeding, and (e) survival of animals were also studied. Results Of the four test gums studied, xanthan gum (@3mg/ml of blood) and gum tragacanth (@35mg/ml of blood) were able to clot blood in least time (58.75±6.408 s and 59.00±2.082 s, respectively) and exhibited very good hemostatic potential in vitro. Except for xanthan gum, all other test gums did not exhibit any significant cytotoxicity at different time points till 24 h. In rat tail bleeding experiments, gum tragacanth sponge dressing and powder achieved hemostasis in least time (156.2±12.86 s and 76±12.55 s, respectively) and much earlier than commercially available product (333.3±38.84 s; p˂0.01). Conclusion Results indicate potential of gum tragacanth to be developed into a suitable hemostatic product.

scholarly journals Antidepressant-Like Effect of Lipid Extract ofChanna striatusin Postpartum Model of Depression in Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Saleem Abdul Shukkoor ◽  
Mohamad Taufik Hidayat Bin Baharuldin ◽  
Abdul Manan Mat Jais ◽  
Mohamad Aris Mohamad Moklas ◽  
Sharida Fakurazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Lipid Extract ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Malay Population ◽  
Swimming Test

Postpartum depression affects 15% of women.Channa striatus, a freshwater fish, is consumed in local Malay population as a rejuvenating diet during postpartum period. This study evaluated the antidepressant-like effect of lipid extract ofC. striatusfillet and its mechanism of action in female Sprague-Dawley rats in postpartum model of depression. The rats were ovariectomized and treated with high dose of progesterone and estradiol benzoate for 23 days to have hormone-simulated pregnancy. The day 24 and afterwards were considered as the postpartum period. During the postpartum period, lipid extract was administered at 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg through intraperitoneal route for 15 days. Fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) was used as the positive control. On postpartum day 15, the animals were tested in forced swimming test (FST) and open field test (OFT) followed by biochemical analysis. Withdrawal of hormone administration during the postpartum period induced depressive-like behavior in FST. Administration of lipid extract reversed that depressive-like behavior at 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg in FST. In OFT, it decreased the exploratory activity. The mechanism of the antidepressant-like effect may be mediated through the decrease in plasma corticosterone, increase in plasma oxytocin, and decrease in nuclear factor-kappa B in prefrontal cortex of rats.

Bioavailability in Vivo of Benzo[a]Pyrene Adsorbed to Diesel Particulate

1991 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Bevan ◽  
David M. Ruggio
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Intratracheal Instillation ◽  
Direct Analysis ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Reasonable Estimate ◽  
Diesel Particulate ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

To evaluate health risks associated with exposure to particulates in the environment, it is necessary to quantify the bioavailability of carcinogens associated with the particulates. Direct analysis of bioavailability in vivo is most readily accomplished by adsorbing a radiolabeled form of the carcinogen to the particulate. A sam ple of native diesel particulate collected from an Oldsmobile die sel engine that contained 1.03 μ g benzo[ a] pyrene ( BaP)/ g particulate was supplemented with exogenous [ 3 H]- BaP to pro duce a particulate containing 2.62 μ g BaP/g. To insure that elu tion of BaP from native and [3 H] -BaP-supplemented particulate was similar, in vitro analyses were performed. When using phos pholipid vesicles composed of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC), 1.52% of total BaP was eluted from native particulate into the vesicles in 18 hrs; from [ 3 H] -BaP supplemented particu late, 1.68% was eluted. Using toluene as eluent, 2.55% was eluted from native particulate, and 8.25% from supplemented particulate, in 6 hrs. Supplemented particulate was then instilled intratracheally into male Sprague-Dawley rats and distribution of radioactivity was analyzed at selected times over 3 days. About 50% of radioactivity remained in lungs at 3 days following instil lation, with 30% being excreted into feces and the remainder dis tributed throughout the organs of the rats. To estimate the amount of radioactivity that entered feces through swallowing of a portion of the instilled dose, [3 H] -BaP-supplemented particu late was instilled intratracheally into rats that had a cannula sur gically implanted in the bile duct. Rate of elimination of radio activity into bile was monitored; 10.6% of radioactivity was re covered in 6 hr, an amount slightly lower than the 12.8% ex creted in 6 hrs into feces of animals with intact bile ducts. Our studies provide a quantitative description of the distribution of BaP and its metabolites following intratracheal instillation of diesel particulate. Because rates of elution of BaP in vitro are similar for native diesel particulate and particulate with supple mental [ 3H] -BaP, our results provide a reasonable estimate of the bioavailability in vivo of BaP associated with diesel particu late.

scholarly journals Regulation of mdrlb gene expression in Fischer, Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats in vivo and in vitro

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Hill ◽  
Paul C. Brown ◽  
Karl-Heinz Preisegger ◽  
Jeffrey A. Silverman
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

SYNTHESIS OF DNA AND LECITHIN IN TISSUE CULTURE AND OESTROGEN RECEPTOR ACTIVITY IN RAT MAMMARY TUMOURS DEPENDENT ON AND INDEPENDENT OF THE OVARY

1979 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNE-MARIE SCOTT ◽  
SUSAN MURPHY ◽  
R. A. HAWKINS
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Oestrogen Receptor ◽  
Receptor Activity ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Mammary Tumours ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
The Media

Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced and transplanted rat mammary tumours (2 lines) were examined for oestrogen receptor activity, and for sensitivity to hormones in vivo (by ovariectomy) and in vitro (by tissue culture). In vivo, the growth of all tumours induced by the administration of DMBA in random-bred Sprague–Dawley rats was found to be dependent on the ovary, whilst in all transplanted tumours (12 TG-3 and six TG-5 lines), maintained in an inbred strain of Sprague–Dawley rats, growth was found to be independent of the ovary. In vitro, the capacity for DNA synthesis in DMBA-induced tumours was better maintained after 24 h when insulin (10 μg/ml) and corticosterone (5 μg/ml) or insulin, corticosterone and prolactin (each 5 μg/ml) were present in the medium (five out of 12 and eight out of 11 tumours respectively); no effect of hormones in the media was detected after 48 h. In the transplanted tumours, no effect of hormones on DNA synthesis was detected after either 24 or 48 h of culture. Synthesis of lecithin was not detectably influenced by the presence of hormones in either DMBA-induced or transplanted tumours. Oestrogen receptor concentrations were, on average, significantly higher in the DMBA-induced tumours than in either line of transplanted tumour. For 22 DMBA-induced tumours and 15 transplanted tumours, the effect of hormones in vitro (`response') was directly correlated with receptor concentration at time 0 (Spearman's ρ = + 0·59) and inversely correlated with the rate of DNA synthesis (`basal') at time 0 (Spearman's ρ = −0·62). No single parameter or pair of parameters permitted accurate distinction between the tumour types.

scholarly journals Chronic Microcystin-LR Exposure Induces Hepatocarcinogenesis via Increased Gankyrin in Vitro and in Vivo

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 1420-1430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lixiong He ◽  
Yujing Huang ◽  
Qiaonan Guo ◽  
Hui Zeng ◽  
Chuanfen Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Soft Agar ◽  
Tumor Formation ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
L02 Cells ◽  
Insight Into

Background/Aims: Our recent study indicated that the serum microcystin-LR (MC-LR) level is positively linked to the risk of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Gankyrin is over-expressed in cancers and mediates oncogenesis; however, whether MC-LR induces tumor formation and the role of gankyrin in this process is unclear. Methods: We induced malignant transformation of L02 liver cells via 35 passages with exposure to 1, 10, or 100 nM MC-LR. Wound healing, plate and soft agar colony counts, and nude mice tumor formation were used to evaluate the tumorigenic phenotype of MC-LR-treated cells. Silencing gankyrin was used to confirm its function. We established a 35-week MC-LR exposure rat model by twice weekly intraperitoneal injection with 10 μg/kg body weight. In addition, 96 HCC patients were tested for tumor tissue gankyrin expression and serum MC-LR levels. Results: Chronic low-dose MC-LR exposure increased proliferation, mobility, clone and tumor formation abilities of L02 cells as a result of gankyrin activation, while silencing gankyrin inhibited the carcinogenic phenotype of MC-LR-treated cells. MC-LR also induced neoplastic liver lesions in Sprague-Dawley rats due to up-regulated gankyrin. Furthermore, a trend of increased gankyrin was observed in humans exposed to MC-LR. Conclusion: These results suggest that MC-LR induces hepatocarcinogenesis in vitro and in vivo by increasing gankyrin levels, providing new insight into MC-LR carcinogenicity studies.

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