scholarly journals COVID-19 and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Risk Assessment, Shared Molecular Pathways, and Therapeutic Challenges

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Iolanda Valentina Popa ◽  
Mircea Diculescu ◽  
Cătălina Mihai ◽  
Cristina Cijevschi-Prelipcean ◽  
Alexandru Burlacu
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Translation Initiation Factor ◽  
Initiation Factor ◽  
Molecular Pathways ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Background. The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 causing COVID-19 disease is yielding a global outbreak with severe threats to public health. In this paper, we aimed at reviewing the current knowledge about COVID-19 infectious risk status in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients requiring immunosuppressive medication. We also focused on several molecular insights that could explain why IBD patients appear not to have higher risks of infection and worse outcomes in COVID-19 than the general population in an attempt to provide scientific support for safer decisions in IBD patient care. Methods. PubMed electronic database was interrogated for relevant articles involving data about common molecular pathways and shared treatment strategies between SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, and inflammatory bowel diseases. Besides, Neural Covidex, an artificial intelligence tool, was used to answer queries about pathogenic coronaviruses and possible IBD interactions using the COVID-19 Open Research Dataset (CORD-19). Discussions. Few molecular and therapeutic interactions between IBD and pathogenic coronaviruses were explored. First, we showed how the activity of soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, CD209L other receptors, and phosphorylated α subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 might exert protective impact in IBD in case of coronavirus infection. Second, IBD medication was discussed in the context of possible beneficial effects on COVID-19 pathogeny, including “cytokine storm” prevention and treatment, immunomodulation, interferon signaling blocking, and viral endocytosis inhibition. Conclusions. Using the current understanding of SARS-CoV-2 as well as other pathogenic coronaviruses immunopathology, we showed why IBD patients should not be considered at an increased risk of infection or more severe outcomes. Whether our findings are entirely applicable to the pathogenesis, disease susceptibility, and treatment management of SARS-CoV-2 infection in IBD must be further explored.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: risk assessment, shared molecular pathways and therapeutic challenges

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iolanda Valentina Popa ◽  
Mircea Diculescu ◽  
Cătălina Mihai ◽  
Cristina Cijevschi-Prelipcean ◽  
Alexandru Burlacu
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Translation Initiation Factor ◽  
Initiation Factor ◽  
Molecular Pathways ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

AbstractBackgroundThe novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 causing COVID-19 disease is yielding a global outbreak with serious threats to public health. In this paper, we aimed to review the current knowledge about COVID-19 infectious risk status in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients requiring immunosuppressive medication. Also, we focused on several molecular insights that could explain why IBD patients appear to not have higher risks of infection and worse outcome in COVID-19 than the general population, in attempt to provide scientific support for safer decisions in IBD patient care.MethodsPubMed electronic database was interogated for relevant articles involving data about common molecular pathways and shared treatment strategies between SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV and inflammatory bowel diseases. In addition, Neural Covidex, an artificial intelligence tool, was used to answer queries about pathogenic coronaviruses and possible IBD interactions using the COVID-19 Open Research Dataset (CORD-19).DiscussionsFew molecular and therapeutic interactions between IBD and pathogenic coronaviruses were explored. First, we showed how the activity of soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, CD209L alternate receptor and phosphorylated α subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 might exert protective impact in IBD in case of coronavirus infection. Second, IBD medication was discussed in the context of possible beneficial effects on COVID-19 pathogeny including “cytokine storm” prevention and treatment, immunomodulation, interferon signaling blocking, viral endocytosis inhibition.ConclusionsUsing current understanding of SARS-CoV-2 as well as other pathogenic coronaviruses immunopathology, we showed why IBD patients should not be considered at an increased risk of infection or more severe outcomes. Whether our findings are entirely applicable to the pathogenesis, disease susceptibility and treatment management of SARS-CoV-2 infection in IBD must be further explored.

scholarly journals Predictors and Early Markers of Response to Biological Therapies in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 853
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Privitera ◽  
Daniela Pugliese ◽  
Gian Ludovico Rapaccini ◽  
Antonio Gasbarrini ◽  
Alessandro Armuzzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Intestinal Damage ◽  
Biological Therapies ◽  
Early Markers ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic conditions that primarily affect the gastrointestinal tract, with a complex pathogenesis; they are characterized by a significant heterogeneity of clinical presentations and of inflammatory pathways that sustain intestinal damage. After the introduction of the first biological therapies, the pipeline of therapies for IBD has been constantly expanding, and a significant number of new molecules is expected in the next few years. Evidence from clinical trials and real-life experiences has taught us that up to 40% of patients do not respond to a specific drug. Unfortunately, to date, clinicians lack a valid tool that can predict each patient’s response to therapies and that could help them in choosing what drug to administer. Several candidate biomarkers have been investigated so far, with conflicting results: clinical, genetic, immunological, pharmacokinetic and microbial markers have been tested, but no ideal marker has been identified so far. Based on recent evidence, multiparametric models seemingly hold the greatest potential for predicting response to therapy. In this narrative review, we aim to summarize the current knowledge on predictors and early markers of response to biological therapies in IBD.

scholarly journals The Role of Portal Vein Thrombosis in the Clinical Course of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Report on Three Cases and Review of the Literature

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Sinagra ◽  
Emma Aragona ◽  
Claudia Romano ◽  
Simonetta Maisano ◽  
Ambrogio Orlando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Portal Vein ◽  
Portal Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Hepatic Abscess ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Thromboembolism Events

Inflammatory bowel diseases are associated with an increased risk of vascular complications. The most important are arterial and venous thromboembolisms, which are considered as specific extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel diseases. Among venous thromboembolism events, portal vein thrombosis has been described in inflammatory bowel diseases. We report three cases of portal vein thrombosis occurring in patients with active inflammatory bowel disease. In two of them, hepatic abscess was present. Furthermore, we performed a systematic review based on the clinical literature published on this topic.

scholarly journals Optimization of antenatal monitoring approaches of women with chronic inflammatory bowel diseases

2021 ◽  
pp. 84-92
Author(s):  
O.V. Bulavenko Bulavenko ◽  
D.G. Konkov ◽  
N.V. Kuzminova ◽  
T.V. Lobastova ◽  
I.V. Oleksienko
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Clinical Guidelines ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Bowel

Chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (CIBD) affect patients at their peak of reproductive age. Clinical presentation of CIBD in pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of adverse effects in mother and fetus, including prematurity, low birth weight, increased indications for caesarean section. Thus optimizing of the CIBD diagnosis and treatment before and during pregnancy is essential to improve maternal and fetal outcomes.Research aim: to analyze the effectiveness of the CIBD clinical management at the stage of preconception and during pregnancy.Materials and methods. It was searched the Cochrane Library, WHO platform, clinical guidelines, and research reference database Medline. All potential studies have evaluated the clinical practice guidelines in women with CIBD for conception, pregnancy and breastfeeding. Recommendations related to the necessary laboratory and instrumental examination methods, therapeutic strategy, the safety of drugs for mother and fetus, the features of multidisciplinary antenatal observation, the timing and method of delivery of pregnant women with CIBD. Results. Treatment in the planning phase and pregnancy should be multidisciplinary, involving a gastroenterologist, obstetrician-gynecologist, primary care physician, pediatrician and a colorectal surgeon if necessary, as well as stakeholders from the association of patients with CIBD. Communication between these professionals is critical to avoid ambivalent or even conflicting counseling, which is an additional source of anxiety for patients, and also potentially dangerous for suboptimal prevention of clinical CIBD manifestation. Obtained results of the analysis will prevent laboratory and therapeutic polypharmacy and significantly improve the pregnancy outcome.Conclusions. Most women with CIBD had a physiological pregnancy and healthy children. However, some studies have linked CIBD to an increased risk of preterm birth and low birth weight infants. The development of national clinical guidelines will optimize and improve the quality of perinatal care to women with CIBD in the Ukraine, and will lead to a decrease in obstetric, fetal and neonatal complications.

scholarly journals Risk, Course, and Effect of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children and Adults with Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 753
Author(s):  
Angelica Corrias ◽  
Gian Mario Cortes ◽  
Flaminia Bardanzellu ◽  
Alice Melis ◽  
Vassilios Fanos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Immunosuppressive Treatment ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Biologic Drugs ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Susceptibility and disease course of COVID-19 among patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are unclear and epidemiological data on the topic are still limited. There is some concern that patients with immuno-mediated diseases such as IBD, which are frequently treated with immunosuppressive therapies, may have an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection with its related serious adverse outcomes, including intensive care unit (ICU) admission and death. Corticosteroids, immunomodulators, and biologic drugs, which are commonly prescribed to these patients, have been associated with higher rates of severe viral and bacterial infections including influenza and pneumonia. It is not known whether these drugs can be so harmful as to justify their interruption during COVID-19 infection or if, on the contrary, patients with IBD can benefit from them. As shown by recent reports, it cannot be excluded that drugs that suppress the immune system can block the characteristic cytokine storm of severe forms of COVID-19 and consequently reduce mortality. Another cause for concern is the up-regulation of angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptors that has been noticed in these patients, which could facilitate the entry and replication of SARS-CoV-2. The aim of this narrative review is to clarify the susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with IBD, the clinical characteristics of patients who contract the infection, and the relationship between the severity of COVID-19 and immunosuppressive treatment.

Update on Imaging Modalities for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Alessandrino ◽  
Koenraad J. Mortele
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Dual Energy Ct ◽  
Multidetector Row Computed Tomography ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are a group of chronic inflammatory disorders that are mainly represented by Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis. Over the last decade, conventional fluoroscopic barium studies used for the imaging of the gastrointestinal tract have been replaced with newer techniques, such as multidetector-row computed tomography (CT), dual-energy CT, and positron emission tomography (PET)/CT. Also increasingly seen is the use of magnetic resonance enterography, representing a robust, highly accurate, and radiation-free imaging method. This review covers these newer imaging modalities for IBD and more, as well as proposed techniques that could potentially help monitor and guide new antiinflammatory treatment strategies in the future. Figures include examples of images conducted via CT, magnetic resonance imaging, and PET/CT. Table compares different imaging modalities for the evaluation of IBD. This review contains 13 highly rendered figures, 1 table, and 127 references. 

scholarly journals Epigenetics of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Unraveling Pathogenic Events

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Mateos ◽  
Cora Palanca-Ballester ◽  
Esteban Saez-Gonzalez ◽  
Inés Moret ◽  
Adrian Lopez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Drug Response ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Epigenetic Biomarkers ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Potential Applicability ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
New Biomarkers

Abstract Epigenetics has emerged as a new and promising field in recent years. Because there exists a need to find new biomarkers and improve diagnosis, prognosis, and drug response for inflammatory bowel diseases, the research on epigenetic biomarkers for molecular diagnostics encourages the translation of this field from the bench to the clinical practice. In this review, we present an overview of the current knowledge and its potential applicability of this emerging field in inflammatory bowel diseases.

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