scholarly journals Magnitude and Predictors of Pneumonia among Under-Five Children in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yoseph Merkeb Alamneh ◽  
Fentahun Adane
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Vitamin A Supplementation ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children

Background. Pneumonia is currently the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among under-five children in developing countries, including Ethiopia. Although these problems are easily preventable and treatable, it contributes to more than 18% of deaths of under-five children every year in Ethiopia. Regardless of these facts, there is a paucity of information regarding the magnitude and its predictors of pneumonia in Ethiopia. Therefore, the main objective of this review is to determine the pooled magnitude of pneumonia and its predictors among under-five children in Ethiopia. Methods. The international databases such as MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Science Direct were scientifically explored. Articles were also searched by examining the gray literature on institutional databases and by reviewing reference lists of already identified articles. We considered all primary studies reporting the magnitude of pneumonia among under-five children and its predictors in Ethiopia. We retrieved all necessary data by using a standardized data extraction format spreadsheet. STATA 14 statistical software was used to analyze the data, and Cochrane’s Q test statistics and I2 test were used to assess the heterogeneity between the studies. Significant variability was found between the studies in such a way that a random-effect model was used. Result. The pooled magnitude of pneumonia among under-five children was 20.68% (I2 = 97.9%; P≤0.001) out of 12 studies in Ethiopia. Children who have unvaccinated (OR = 2.45), food cooking in the main house (OR = 2.46), vitamin A supplementation status (OR = 2.85), malnutrition (OR = 2.98), mixed breastfeeding (OR = 2.46), and child history of respiratory tract infection (OR = 4.11) were potential determinates of pneumonia. Conclusion and Recommendations. This review showed that the magnitude of pneumonia was relatively high. Hence, appropriate intervention on potential determinates such as health education on exclusive breastfeeding and nutrition, place of food cooking, increased immunization and vitamin A supplementation, and early control of respiratory tract infection was recommended to prevent those risk factors.

scholarly journals The magnitude and Associated Factors of Pneumonia Among Under-Five Children in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoseph Merkeb ◽  
Fentahun Adane
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Vitamin A Supplementation ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children

Abstract Background Currently, Pneumonia is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among under-five children in developing countries including Ethiopia. Despite, these problems are easily preventable and treatable it contributes to more than 18% of deaths of under-five children every year in Ethiopia. Regardless of these facts, there is a paucity of information regarding the magnitude and its predictors of pneumonia in Ethiopia. Thus, assessing the pooled magnitude of pneumonia and its predictors among under-five children in Ethiopia is the main objective of this review. Methods The international databases such as MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Science Direct were scientifically explored. We considered all primary studies reporting the magnitude of pneumonia among under-five children and its predictors in Ethiopia. We retrieved all necessary data by using a standardized data extraction format spreadsheet. STATA 14 statistical software was used to analyze the data and Cochrane Q test statistics and I 2 test was used to assess the heterogeneity between the studies. There was significant heterogeneity between the studies so that a random effect model was employed. Result The pooled magnitude of Pneumonia Among Under Five Children was 20.68%, (I 2 = 97.9%%; P ≤ 0.001) from 12 included studies in Ethiopia. Children who unvaccinated [OR = 2.45], food cooking in the main house [OR = 2.46], Vitamin A supplementation status [OR = 2.85], malnutrition [OR = 2.98], mixed breast feeding [OR = 2.46], child history of respiratory tract infection [OR = 4.11] were a potential determinates of pneumonia. Conclusion and Recommendations This review showed that the magnitude of pneumonia was relatively high. Hence, appropriate intervention on potential determinates such as health education on exclusive breastfeeding and nutrition, place of food cooking, increase immunization and Vitamin A supplementation and early control of respiratory tract infection was recommended to prevent those risk factors.

scholarly journals Bayesian Multilevel Analysis of Determinants of Acute Respiratory Infection in Children Under The Age of Five Years in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tilahun Ferede Asena ◽  
Amanuel Mengistu Merera ◽  
Mebratu Alemu Senbeta
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children

Abstract Background: Acute respiratory tract infection (ARI) is one of the causes for morbidity and mortality in children under the age of 5 years in the world. Pneumonia, which is caused by respiratory tract infection, accounts for approximately 1.9 million deaths globally in children under the age of five years. Among these deaths majority occurs in the developing world. The share for low and middle-income countries takes the highest indeed. In Ethiopia, the prevalence rate of ARI was 7% according to 2016 EDHS estimates.Method: Bayesian multilevel approach was employed to assess factors associated with the prevalence of ARI among under-five children in Ethiopia. The data was collected from 10,641 children under the age of five years out of which 9,918 children were considered in this study. Result: The ARI prevalence rate for children under five years was estimated as 8.4%, which was slightly higher than the estimated prevalence level of the country. The highest proportion of the prevalence of ARI was observed for children whose mothers had no education. The major health, environmental and nutritional related background characteristics of the proportion of children who had ARI varied from one region to another. The highest prevalence of ARI was observed in Tigray (15.31%) followed by Oromia (14.40%) as opposed to the low prevalence which was recorded in Benishangul Gumuz (2.58%). The utilization of vitamin A was analyzed and the results shows that about 43.10% who received vitamin A had the lowest proportion on the prevalence of ARI (7.75%) compared to not having vitamin A. About 11.13% of under-five children had Diarrhea with the highest prevalence of ARI (24.64%) and the highest prevalence of ARI was observed for the child whose source of drinking water were unprotected/unimproved (9.39%).Conclusion: The age of the child, household wealth index, mother educational level, and vitamin A supplement, history of diarrhea, maternal work, stunting and source of drinking water was found to be significantly affecting the prevalence of ARI among children under five years. Furthermore, the study revealed that there is a significant variation of incidence of ARI between and within the regions of Ethiopia. Attention should be given to those predictor variables while planning to increase the health status of children in Ethiopia.

Effect of vitamin A supplementation on diarrhoea and acute respiratory tract infection in children

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Biswas ◽  
A. B. Biswas ◽  
B. Manna ◽  
S. K. Bhattacharya ◽  
R. Dey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Acute Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Vitamin A Supplementation

scholarly journals Morbidity profile and nutritional status of tribal under five children attending the phulwaris in rural Chhattisgarh

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 4077
Author(s):  
Madonne Rufina Dishani ◽  
Radhika Kannan ◽  
Reni Philip ◽  
Naveen Ramesh ◽  
Yogesh Jain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children

Background: According to UNICEF report, 19.8% children under-five years in India are wasted, 48% are stunted and 42.8% are underweight. Multisectoral initiatives by the national and state governments are yet to reduce the burden of malnutrition. Jan Swasthya Sahyog (JSS) Health Centre in Chhattisgarh, plays a vital role in improving nutritional status of tribal under- three children attending the phulwaris (or creches). Objectives of this study were to assess the nutritional status of under-five children attending the phulwaris located under Bamhni sub center and to identify the common morbidities among these children.Methods: The researchers conducted health check-up for 357 children in the 19 phulwaris of Bamhni sub center spread over 16 villages.Results: Mean age of children attending the phulwaris was found to be 29±12.5 months. Among the 357 children, 128 (35.9%) were underweight; 53 (14.8%) were severely underweight; 35 (9.8%) were wasted; 18 (5%) were severely wasted; 58 (16.2%) stunted and 16 (4.5%) severely stunted according to WHO growth charts for weight for age, weight for height and height for age respectively. Point prevalence of morbidity was 142 (39.7%), which included respiratory tract infection (24.6%); scabies (8.4%); otitis media (3.1%); pyoderma (2.2%); developmental delay (2.2%); worm infestation (2.2%); sickle cell anemia (0.6%) and (0.3%) had epilepsy.Conclusions: Under nutrition was still prevalent among the children attending the phulwaris and upper respiratory tract infection was the most common morbidity.

scholarly journals Social factors of under-five mortality in rural Agra

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 3735
Author(s):  
Krishan Kumar ◽  
Rajiv Srivastava ◽  
S. K. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Acute Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
The Government

Background: Very limited recent data is available on the causes of child deaths in India.Most of the available studies do not accurately reflect the socio factors related to these deaths. Identifying and assessing the factors affecting the child mortality could be the first step in planning to reduce the mortality and promoting the society health and life expectancy. Therefore the present study was undertaken to find out the socio factors of deaths among children under 5 years of age. Methods: The present cross-sectional survey was conducted among under five children and their parents residing within the selected villages in a community Development Block Sainyan, District Agra using Multistage random sampling technique. Participatory learning action technique was used. Data was analyzed and presented in form of percentages. Results: Diarrhoea was the most common cause of under five children mortality followed by acute respiratory tract infection and pyrexia. Delay in recognition of problem followed by delay in decision making at family level, delay in seeking of health provider and delay in arranging transport were the main social causes of deaths. Most children were attended by local rural medical practitioners both at initial and terminal stages of illness. Conclusions: Efforts to prevent diarrhoea and acute respiratory tract infection must be intensified. Awareness about the services provided by the government and their utilization should be strengthened. 

scholarly journals Effect of vitamin D on infection and inflammation in patients with cystic fibrosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelufa Begum ◽  
Abdullah Al Tarique ◽  
Tamara Blake ◽  
Dwan Vilcins ◽  
Mohammad Zahirul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Infection And Inflammation

Background Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder in which the respiratory system gets clogged with mucus leads to progressive lung damage. There is no known cure for CF but several treatments to manage symptoms and reduce complications. Vitamin D deficiency is common in CF associated with increased infection and inflammation. This systematic review and meta analysis will evaluate the effectiveness of vitamin D treatment in reducing respiratory tract infection and inflammation in patients with CF. Methods Randomized and quasi randomised studies in CF patients with control groups will be identified. The antibacterial activity of vitamin D supplementation will help in reducing respiratory tract infection and inflammation in CF. Overall effects of vitamin D in terms of infection and inflammatory markers such as C reactive protein, inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)6, IL8, IL17, IL23, antimicrobial peptide (LL37), lung function defined by forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)%, other assessed respiratory parameters will be calculated using random-effect models. Study quality will be assessed using RoB 2, A revised Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for randomised trials. The overall quality of evidence for each outcome will be summarised according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) framework.

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