scholarly journals The Effects of Obesity on Outcome in Preclinical Animal Models of Infection and Sepsis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Wanying Xu ◽  
Dominique Pepper ◽  
Junfeng Sun ◽  
Judith Welsh ◽  
Xizhong Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cecal Ligation ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
Impact On Survival ◽  
Preclinical Animal Models

Background. Clinical studies suggest obesity paradoxically increases survival during bacterial infection and sepsis but decreases it with influenza, but these studies are observational. By contrast, animal studies of obesity in infection can prospectively compare obese versus nonobese controls. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of animal investigations to further examine obesity’s survival effect in infection and sepsis. Methods. Databases were searched for studies comparing survival in obese versus nonobese animals following bacteria, lipopolysaccharide, or influenza virus challenges. Results. Twenty-one studies (761 obese and 603 control animals) met the inclusion criteria. Obesity reduced survival in 19 studies (11 significantly) and the odds ratio (95% CI) of survival (0.21(0.13, 0.35); I2 = 64%, p<0.01p < 0.01) but with high heterogeneity. Obesity reduced survival (1) consistently in both single-strain bacteria- and lipopolysaccharide-challenged studies (n = 6 studies, 0.21(0.13, 0.34); I2 = 31%, p=0.20 and n = 5, 0.22(0.13, 0.36); I2 = 0%, p=0.59, respectively), (2) not significantly with cecal ligation and puncture (n = 4, 0.72(0.08, 6.23); I2 = 75%, p<0.01), and (3) significantly with influenza but with high heterogeneity (n = 6, 0.12(0.04, 0.34); I2 = 73%, p<0.01). Obesity’s survival effects did not differ significantly comparing the four challenge types (p=0.49). Animal models did not include antimicrobials or glycemic control and study quality was low. Conclusions. Preclinical and clinical studies together emphasize the need for prospective studies in patients accurately assessing obesity’s impact on survival during severe infection.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Melatonin in Animal Models of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Systematic Review and Stratified Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangyu Hu ◽  
Yuwei Zhu ◽  
Fangfang Zhou ◽  
Cuiying Peng ◽  
Zhiping Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Clinical Trial Design ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
China National Knowledge Infrastructure

Background and Purpose: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a severe disease characterized by sudden headache, loss of consciousness, or focal neurological deficits. Melatonin has been reported as a potential neuroprotective agent of SAH. It provides protective effects through the anti-inflammatory effects or the autophagy pathway. Our systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy of melatonin administration on experimental SAH animals and offer support for the future clinical trial design of the melatonin treatment following SAH.Methods: The following online databases were searched for experimentally controlled studies of the effect of melatonin on SAH models: PubMed, Web of Knowledge, Embase, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (all until March 2021). The melatonin effect on the brain water content (BWC) and neurological score (NS) were compared between the treatment and control groups using the standardized mean difference (SMD).Results: Our literature identified 160 possible articles, and most of them were excluded due to duplication (n = 69) and failure to meet the inclusion criteria (n = 56). After screening the remaining 35 articles in detail, we excluded half of them because of no relevant outcome measures (n = 16), no relevant interventions (n = 3), review articles (n = 1), duplicated publications (n = 1), and studies on humans or cells (n = 2). Finally, this systematic review contained 12 studies between 2008 and 2018. All studies were written in English except for one study in Chinese, and all of them showed the effect of melatonin on BWC and NS in SAH models.Conclusion: Our research shows that melatonin can significantly improve the behavior and pathological results of SAH animal models. However, due to the small number of studies included in this meta-analysis, the experimental design and experimental method limitations should be considered when interpreting the results. Significant clinical and animal studies are still required to evaluate whether melatonin can be used in the adjuvant treatment of clinical SAH patients.

scholarly journals Verum- versus Sham-Acupuncture on Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) in Animal Models: A Preclinical Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei-Yi Zhao ◽  
Qiang-Qiang Fu ◽  
Zhen Zheng ◽  
Li-Xing Lao ◽  
Hua-Ling Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sham Acupuncture ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Morris Water Maze Test

Background. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common health condition affecting senile people and leads to severe cognitive dysfunctions. Acupuncture has been shown to be a possible alternative natural remedy for AD in some animal studies. Objective. To perform a systematic review to identify the effect of verum-acupuncture compared with sham-acupuncture on learning and memory performance among animal models of AD. Methods. Experimental animal studies of treating AD via verum- and sham- acupuncture were searched in nine electronic databases, including Sciverse ScienceDirect, PubMed, Springer, Ebsco Medline, AMED, EMBASE (Elsevier), Scopus (Elsevier), PsycINFO (ProQuest), and OVID from the dates of the databases’ inception to June 2019. The Morris water maze test was considered as an outcome measure. The software Revman 5.3 and Stata 16.0 were used to conduct the meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was examined by using I2 statistics. The publication bias was assessed via Begg’s test by Stata 16.0. Results. Twelve studies involving 229 animals met the inclusion criteria. Most of the studies had a moderate quality according to SYRCLE's risk of bias tool for animal studies. The results of the meta-analysis indicated that verum-acupuncture could reduce the escape latency (MD = −12.90, 95% CI (−17.08, −8.71), p<0.001) and increase the time spent in the original platform quadrant (MD = 7.28, 95% CI (4.23, 10.33), p<0.001) and frequency of the crossing former platform (MD = 2.01, 95% CI (1.53, 2.50), p<0.001) compared with the sham-acupuncture. Conclusions. Acupuncture is effective in improving cognitive functions in AD animal models, and this benefit is more than just a placebo effect. Further clinical trials are needed to confirm the findings.

scholarly journals Pharmacologic Reduction of Angiographic Vasospasm in Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 1645-1658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommaso Zoerle ◽  
Don C Ilodigwe ◽  
Hoyee Wan ◽  
Katarina Lakovic ◽  
Mohammed Sabri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Angiographic Vasospasm ◽  
Standard Mean Difference ◽  
Methodologic Quality ◽  
Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Pharmacologic Treatments

Animal models have been developed to simulate angiographic vasospasm secondary to subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and to test pharmacologic treatments. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of pharmacologic treatments that have been tested in humans and in preclinical studies to determine if animal models inform results reported in humans. A systematic review and meta-analysis of SAH studies was performed. We investigated predictors of translation from animals to humans with multivariate logistic regression. Pharmacologic reduction of vasospasm was effective in mice, rats, rabbits, dogs, nonhuman primates (standard mean difference of −1.74; 95% confidence interval −2.04 to −1.44) and humans. Animal studies were generally of poor methodologic quality and there was evidence of publication bias. Subgroup analysis by drug and species showed that statins, tissue plasminogen activator, erythropoietin, endothelin receptor antagonists, calcium channel antagonists, fasudil, and tirilazad were effective whereas magnesium was not. Only evaluation of vasospasm >3 days after SAH was independently associated with successful translation. We conclude that reduction of vasospasm is effective in animals and humans and that evaluation of vasospasm >3 days after SAH may be preferable for preclinical models.

scholarly journals MSC-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Preclinical Animal Models of Bone Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. S191
Author(s):  
Aidan Kirkham ◽  
Adrian Bailey ◽  
Alvin Tieu ◽  
Harinad Maganti ◽  
Joshua Montroy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Bone Injury ◽  
Preclinical Animal Models

scholarly journals Human relevance of pre-clinical studies in stem cell therapy: systematic review and meta-analysis of large animal models of ischaemic heart disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 649-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. I. G. van der Spoel ◽  
S. J. Jansen of Lorkeers ◽  
P. Agostoni ◽  
E. van Belle ◽  
M. Gyongyosi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Large Animal Models

MSC-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Preclinical Animal Models of Bone Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aidan M. Kirkham ◽  
Adrian J. M. Bailey ◽  
Alvin Tieu ◽  
Harinad B. Maganti ◽  
Joshua Montroy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Bone Injury ◽  
Preclinical Animal Models

scholarly journals Adhesion reformation and the limited translational value of experiments with adhesion barriers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of animal models

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chema Strik ◽  
Kimberley E. Wever ◽  
Martijn W. J. Stommel ◽  
Harry van Goor ◽  
Richard P. G. ten Broek
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Operative Time ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Adhesion Formation ◽  
Adhesion Barrier ◽  
Laparoscopic Adhesiolysis

AbstractToday, 40–66% of elective procedures in general surgery are reoperations. During reoperations, the need for adhesiolysis results in increased operative time and a more complicated convalescence. In pre-clinical evaluation, adhesion barriers are tested for their efficacy in preventing ‘de novo’ adhesion formation, However, it is unknown to which extent barriers are tested for prevention of adhesion reformation. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess the efficacy of commercially available adhesion barriers and laparoscopic adhesiolysis in preventing adhesion reformation in animal models. Pubmed and EMBASE were searched for studies which assessed peritoneal adhesion reformation after a standardized peritoneal injury (in the absence of an intra-peritoneal mesh), and reported the incidence of adhesions, or an adhesion score as outcome. Ninety-three studies were included. No study met the criteria for low risk of bias. None of the commercially available adhesion barriers significantly reduced the incidence of adhesion reformation. Three commercially available adhesion barriers reduced the adhesion score of reformed adhesions, namely Seprafilm (SMD 1.38[95% CI]; p < 0.01), PEG (SMD 2.08[95% CI]; p < 0.01) and Icodextrin (SMD 1.85[95% CI]; p < 0.01). There was no difference between laparoscopic or open adhesiolysis with regard to the incidence of adhesion reformation (RR 1.14[95% CI]; p ≥ 0.05) or the adhesion score (SMD 0.92[95% CI]; p ≥ 0.05). Neither currently commercially available adhesion barriers, nor laparoscopic adhesiolysis without using an adhesion barrier, reduces the incidence of adhesion reformation in animal models. The methodological quality of animal studies is poor.

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