scholarly journals Diagnostic Utility of Serum Ascites Lipid and Protein Gradients in Differentiation of Ascites

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Mukhyaprana Prabhu ◽  
Rahul Sai Gangula ◽  
Weena Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Ascitic Fluid ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Malignant Ascites ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Diagnostic Utility ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Protein Gradients

Context. Ability of SAAG to differentiate malignant ascites from other aetiologies like tubercular peritonitis is a major problem. Alternate screening test is needed for differentiating ascites due to malignancy from those due to tubercular peritonitis. Aims. To study the diagnostic utility of serum ascites lipid gradients and serum ascites protein gradients in pathophysiological differentiation of ascites. Settings and Design. The present study is a prospective, descriptive, hospital-based, cross-sectional study. Methods and Material. The study was conducted on patients with ascites who were admitted to General Medicine Department, Kasturba Hospital, Manipal. The study included 60 patients with ascites of different etiologies (liver cirrhosis, tubercular peritonitis, and malignant ascites). All of them had undergone clinical, laboratory, and imaging investigations and were treated as per standard of care. All patients underwent abdominal paracentesis, and fluid samples were sent for analysis. Statistical Analysis Used. ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis H test, and ROC curve analysis. Results. Among the gradients, only SAPG and SAAG had over all statistical significance (<0.005) among the groups, but no significance between malignancy and tubercular peritonitis had been observed. Similarly all the ascitic fluid parameters measured had an overall statistical significance (<0.005), but there was no significant difference observed between malignancy and tubercular peritonitis groups. However, ascitic fluid and serum HDL cholesterol had a statistical significance (<0.05) between malignancy and tubercular peritonitis. Conclusions. With a cut-off value of 4, SAPG is one of best screening tests in differentiation of cirrhotic with noncirrhotic ascites when compared with SAAG, whereas it is a poor parameter with high sensitivity and very low specificity in differentiation of malignant with nonmalignant ascites. Also the present study reveals HDL cholesterol levels in ascitic fluid to be a valuable marker with higher sensitivity and specificity in differentiation of malignancy and tuberculosis peritonitis (i.e., differentiation of low SAAG ascites).

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Non-HDL Cholesterol to Apolipoprotein B Ratio as a Screening Test for Dysbetalipoproteinemia

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher S Boot ◽  
Elizabeth Middling ◽  
Joy Allen ◽  
Robert D G Neely
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Diagnostic Sensitivity ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Apo B ◽  
Premature Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Improved Performance

Abstract BACKGROUND Familial dysbetalipoproteinemia is associated with the accumulation of remnant lipoproteins and premature cardiovascular disease. Identification of dysbetalipoproteinemia is important because family members may be affected. Diagnostic testing involves demonstration of β-lipoprotein in the VLDL fraction or characterization of apo E3. These investigations are complex and relatively expensive. The ratios of apo B to total cholesterol and triglycerides have been proposed as screening tests. However, the ratio of non-HDL cholesterol to apo B (NHDLC/apoB) could offer improved performance as the confounding effect of variations in HDL cholesterol is removed. METHODS We evaluated NHDLC/apoB as a screening test for dysbetalipoproteinemia, using β-quantification analysis as a reference standard. Data from 1637 patients referred over a 16-year period for β quantification were reviewed retrospectively. In 63 patients, diagnostic criteria for dysbetalipoproteinemia (VLDL cholesterol/triglyceride ratio ≥0.69 and presence of β-VLDL) were fulfilled, and 1574 patients had dysbetalipoproteinemia excluded. RESULTS Mean NHDLC/apoB in patients with dysbetalipoproteinemia was 7.3 mmol/g (SD, 1.5 mmol/g) and with dysbetalipoproteinemia excluded was 4.0 mmol/g (SD, 0.5 mmol/g). The optimum cutoff of &gt;4.91 mmol/g achieved a diagnostic sensitivity of 96.8% (95% CI, 89.0–99.6) and specificity of 95.0% (95% CI, 93.8–96.0). NHDLC/apoB offered improved performance compared to total cholesterol/apoB [diagnostic sensitivity 92.1% (95% CI, 82.4–97.4) and specificity 94.5% (95% CI, 93.2–95.6) with a cutoff of &gt;6.55 mmol/g]. NHDL/apoB reference ranges were not sex-dependent, although there was a significant difference between men and women for total cholesterol/apoB. CONCLUSIONS NHDLC/apoB offers a simple first-line test for dysbetalipoproteinemia in selecting patients with mixed hyperlipidemia for more complex investigations.

scholarly journals A Rapid, Mobile Neurocognitive Screening Test to Aid in Identifying Cognitive Impairment and Dementia (BrainCheck): Cohort Study (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Groppell ◽  
Karina M Soto-Ruiz ◽  
Benjamin Flores ◽  
William Dawkins ◽  
Isabella Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Composite Score ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Care Plans ◽  
Normative Population ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Physician Diagnosis

BACKGROUND The US population over the age of 65 is expected to double by the year 2050. Concordantly, the incidence of dementia is projected to increase. The subclinical stage of dementia begins years before signs and symptoms appear. Early detection of cognitive impairment and/or cognitive decline may allow for interventions to slow its progression. Furthermore, early detection may allow for implementation of care plans that may affect the quality of life of those affected and their caregivers. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the accuracy and validity of BrainCheck Memory as a diagnostic aid for age-related cognitive impairment, as compared against physician diagnosis and other commonly used neurocognitive screening tests, including the Saint Louis University Mental Status (SLUMS) exam, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). METHODS We tested 583 volunteers over the age of 49 from various community centers and living facilities in Houston, Texas. The volunteers were divided into five cohorts: a normative population and four comparison groups for the SLUMS exam, the MMSE, the MoCA, and physician diagnosis. Each comparison group completed their respective assessment and BrainCheck Memory. RESULTS A total of 398 subjects were included in the normative population. A total of 84 participants were in the SLUMS exam cohort, 51 in the MMSE cohort, 35 in the MoCA cohort, and 18 in the physician cohort. BrainCheck Memory assessments were significantly correlated to the SLUMS exam, with coefficients ranging from .5 to .7. Correlation coefficients for the MMSE and BrainCheck and the MoCA and BrainCheck were also significant. Of the 18 subjects evaluated by a physician, 9 (50%) were healthy, 6 (33%) were moderately impaired, and 3 (17%) were severely impaired. A significant difference was found between the severely and moderately impaired subjects and the healthy subjects (P=.02). We derived a BrainCheck Memory composite score that showed stronger correlations with the standard assessments as compared to the individual BrainCheck assessments. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of this composite score found a sensitivity of 81% and a specificity of 94%. CONCLUSIONS BrainCheck Memory provides a sensitive and specific metric for age-related cognitive impairment in older adults, with the advantages of a mobile, digital, and easy-to-use test. CLINICALTRIAL ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03608722; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03608722 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/76JLoYUGf)

Ascitic Fluid Cytokines in Chronic Liver Disease: A Possible Prognostic Tool

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shimaa atta ◽  
Manal Kamel ◽  
Wafaa Mansour ◽  
Taghreed Hussein ◽  
Kesmat Maher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Ascitic Fluid ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Malignant Ascites ◽  
Focal Lesions ◽  
Prognostic Tool ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Focal Hepatic Lesions ◽  
Hepatic Lesions ◽  
Fluid Levels

Introduction: Malignant ascites results from imbalance between protein in the peritoneal cavity and absorption of fluids via the lymphatic system. More than twenty interleukins are known to play an important role in the protection against tumors. Materials and methods: Ascitic fluid IL1B, IL2, IL4, IL6, IL10, TNFα, and IFNγ levels were assessed in forty-five patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites as judged by histopathological and ultra-sonographic findings. They were divided into two groups according to presence of hepatic focal lesions. Ten patients with focal hepatic lesions were randomly selected and subjected to analysis of serum levels of IL2 and IL10. Results: Ascitic fluid IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 levels were found to be significantly higher in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma than patients with cirrhosis. TNFα, and IFNγ were also found to be higher in hepatocellular carcinoma than patients with cirrhosis but with no significance. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in levels of IL1B and IL2 between the two groups. Ascitic fluid IL2 and IL10 levels were found to be higher in ascitic fluid than in serum of the same patients. Conclusion: Ascitic fluid levels of IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 are higher in hepatocellular carcinoma patients than patients with cirrhosis alone. Levels of ascitic fluid IL2 and IL10 were proved to be a better prognostic tool than their levels in sera of the same patients. To conclude; patients with cirrhosis may be subjected to schedualed examination of ascitic fluid cytokine to predect transformation into hepatocellular carcinoma.

scholarly journals Chlamydia trachomatis screening in resource-limited countries – Comparison of diagnostic accuracy of 3 different assays

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (09) ◽  
pp. 733-740
Author(s):  
Jelena Zivadin Tosic-Pajic ◽  
Predrag Sazdanovic ◽  
Marija Sorak ◽  
Jelena Cukic ◽  
Aleksandra Arsovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Serum Igg ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Youden’S Index

Introduction: Commercially available assays were evaluated in order to determine diagnostic accuracy of Chlamydia trachomatis specific tests for screening. Methods: The study included 225 sexually active men and women, who were tested for genital chlamydial infection in Institute of Public Health Kragujevac. Three screening tests were used: direct immunofluorescence (DIF) and rapid lateral immunochromatographic test (RT) for qualitative detection of chlamydial antigens and immunoenzyme (ELISA) test for detection of serum levels of anti-chlamydial IgA and IgG antibodies. Diagnostic efficiency of these tests were determined in relation to results obtained by RT-PCR method. Results: Statistical significance between the results obtained by RT-PCR as a gold standard and DIF, RT and ELISA were analyzed using chi-square (χ2) test. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between RT-PCR and analyzed screening tests: DIF (χ2 = 303; p < 0.001), RT (χ2 = 4.19; p = 0.041), serum IgA (χ2 = 4.19; p = 0.041) and serum IgG (χ2 = 67; p < 0.001) which indicates poor agreement between these tests. Large numbers of false positive (FP) and false negative (FN) results were observed for all tested assays. According to Youden’s index, serum IgG and DIF testing demonstrated the most-balanced sensitivity-specificity rate. RT assay exhibits the highest expanded Youden’s index, as well as the best overall diagnostic accuracy. Conclusions: None of evaluated screening tests can be recommended as individual method for the diagnosis of acute infection. We suppose that RT-PCR is unlikely to be a cost-effective screening strategy within the Serbian health system.

Comparative study of Clinical Characteristics in Patients with Mild and Severe Reflux Esophagitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Melania Macarie ◽  
Simona Maria Bataga ◽  
Monica Pantea ◽  
Razvan Opaschi ◽  
Simona Mocan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Hiatal Hernia ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Erosive Esophagitis ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractObjective: This study aims to determine the correlation between risk factors and erosive esophagitis development.Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study on a consecutive series of 19.672 patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy between 01.01.2011-31.12.2017. A total of 3005 patients, diagnosed with erosive esophagitis, were included in the present study and stratified according to Los Angeles classification.Results: During the studied period we found 3005 patients with erosive esophagitis, sex ratio male to female was 1.3/1, the most common forms of esophagitis being grade A and B: 74.54% patients with esophagitis grade A, 14.80% patients with grade B; 5.29% patients were with grade C and 5.35% patients with esophagitis grade D. In severe esophagitis the male predominance was more prevalent (249 males, 71 female), with a sex ratio 3.50/1. The correlation of male gender with severe esophagitis was highly statistically significant (p < 0.0001, OR 2.97; 95% CI 2.25-3.91). Hiatal hernia was diagnosed in 1171 patients, the presence of large hiatal hernias, being an important predictor, with statistical significance (p < 0.0001, OR 3.41; 95% CI 2.22-5.21), for severe esophagitis development. Incidence of Helicobacter pylori infection was 11.51%, in the entire study group, with no statistical significant difference between patients with mild or severe esophagitis (12.02% vs 7.18%).Conclusion: Erosive esophagitis is a frequent disease, the most common forms being grade A and B. Male gender and the presence of hiatal hernia are the most important risk factors for erosive esophagitis development, in our study group.

Criteria positive and criteria negative anaphylaxis, with a focus on undifferentiated somatoform idiopathic anaphylaxis: A review and case series

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 436-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Rosloff ◽  
Kunal Patel ◽  
Paul J. Feustel ◽  
Jocelyn Celestin
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Poor Response ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Subjective Symptoms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Physical Findings ◽  
Idiopathic Anaphylaxis

Background: Undifferentiated somatoform (US) idiopathic anaphylaxis (IA) is considered a psychogenic disorder characterized by a lack of observable physical findings and poor response to treatment. Although failure to diagnose true anaphylaxis can have disastrous consequences, identification of US-IA is crucial to limit unnecessary expenses and use of health care resources. Objective: To better define the presentation and understand the potential relationship between US-IA and underlying psychiatric comorbidities. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 110 visits by 107 patients to our institution for evaluation and management of anaphylaxis over a 1-year period. The patients were classified as having either criteria positive (CP) or criteria negative (CN) anaphylaxis based on whether they met Second National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease/Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Network Symposium criteria for the clinical diagnosis of anaphylaxis. Patient characteristics, including objective and subjective signs and symptoms, and the presence of psychiatric diagnoses were collected and analyzed. Statistical significance was assessed by using the Fisher exact test. A literature review of US-IA and other psychogenic forms of anaphylaxis was performed. Results: Patients with CP anaphylaxis were more likely to present with hypotension, wheezing, urticaria, and vomiting than were patients with CN anaphylaxis. The patients with CN anaphylaxis were more likely to present with subjective symptoms of sensory throat tightness or swelling compared with patients with CP anaphylaxis. No significant difference was detected in the prevalence of psychiatric conditions between the two groups. Conclusion: Patients who met previously established diagnostic criteria for anaphylaxis were more likely to present with objective physical findings than those who did not meet criteria for true anaphylaxis. CN patients who presented for treatment of anaphylaxis were more likely to present with subjective symptoms. Formal diagnostic criteria should be used by clinicians when evaluating patients with suspected anaphylaxis.

STUDY CLINICAL FEATURE AND RESULT OF TREATMENT PHACOMORPHIC GLAUCOMA

2015 ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
Van Nam Phan ◽  
Ba Ken Tran
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Corneal Edema ◽  
Clinical Feature ◽  
Anterior Chamber Angle ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Operative Complications ◽  
Before And After

Purpose: Study clinical feature of phacomorphic glaucoma. To evaluate the result of treatment phacomorphic glaucoma. Method: The retrospective, interventional study on 36 cases with phacomorphic glaucoma who underwent treated at Hue Central Hospital from 6/2010 to 6/2011. Standard of research: visual, IOP, before and after surgery, accompanying lesions and post-operative complications. The surgery is considered successful when postoperative IOP less than 21 mmHg. Results: Age 50-59 presented 30.5 percent, ≥ 60 presented 91.7 percent. There was a slight female preponderance (66.7%) compared to the male population (33.3%) which implies a statistically marginally significant difference. However there was no statistical significance difference when compared by the two subgroups. Patient in country presented 61,1% and city presented 38,9%. The duration between the onset of pain and surgery from 0 to < 5 days (77.8%), from 6 to 10 (16.7%) and >10 days presented 5.5%. The preoperative intraocular pressure 35 to 45mmHg (47.2%), 46-55 (30.6%), 56-65 (13.9%) and more than 65 presented 8.3%. The visual acuity preoperation less than 1metre count finger (94.5%), less than 3 metre count finger presented 5.5%. Close anterior chamber angle presented 80.6% and shallow was presented 19.4%. Corneal edema presented 100%, iritis presented 94.4%, dilated pupil larger 5mm presented 83.3%, Synchynea iris and cataract presented 72.2%. ECCE, implantation IOL combined trabeculectomy presented 11.1%, Phaco, implantation IOL combined trabeculectomy presented 69,5%, ECCE implantation IOL presented 5.6%, Phaco, implantation IOL presented 13.8%. Postoperative visual acuity from 1/10 to 5/10 presented 72.2%, no case have VA larger than 5/10. Postoperative 3 months VA 1/10 to 5/10 presented 72.2%, larger VA 5/10 presented 8.3%. Postoperative 3 months intraocular pressure ≤ 21mmHg presented 91.7%, 22 to 24mmHg presented 8.3%, no case have IOP ≥25mmHg. Postoperative edema presented 58.3%, iritis presented 58.3%. Key words: phacomorphic Glaucoma

Clinical Utility of the Ankle-Brachial Index and Toe Brachial Index in Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcers

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mutasem Ababneh ◽  
Mousab Y. Al Ayed ◽  
Asirvatham A. Robert ◽  
Mohamed A. Al Dawish
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Ankle Brachial Index ◽  
Foot Ulcer ◽  
Diabetic Foot Ulcer ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Toe Brachial Index

Background: This cross sectional study investigated the clinical use of the ankle-brachial index (ABI) and toe brachial index (TBI) in 91 type 2 diabetic foot ulcer patients who visited the diabetic foot clinic, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Saudi Arabia during July 2017 and January 2018. Materials and Methods: The ABI and TBI facilitated the detection of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and the patients’ medical records were used to collect the clinical and demographic variables. The variables of duration (p = 0.047) and treatment (p = 0.046) of the ABI showed significant differences. Age (p = 0.034) and duration (p = 0.001) were the factors related to the diagnosis of TBI by the “χ2” test. Results: From the TBI, 26.4% of the patients were found to have PAD, while the ABI showed that 21.8% of patients had the condition. However, no statistical significance was noted. From the regression analysis, the variable duration of diabetes (≥ 20 years of age) was recognized as an independent risk factor for TBI. Conclusion: In conclusion, it is recommended both the ABI and TBI to be used as screening tests for PAD in diabetic foot ulcer patients.

scholarly journals Does Social Support Affect the Health of the Elderly in Rural China? A Meta-Analysis Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (18) ◽  
pp. 3471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natuya Zhuori ◽  
Yu Cai ◽  
Yan Yan ◽  
Yu Cui ◽  
Minjuan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
The Impact

As the trend of aging in rural China has intensified, research on the factors affecting the health of the elderly in rural areas has become a hot issue. However, the conclusions of existing studies are inconsistent and even contradictory, making it difficult to form constructive policies with practical value. To explore the reasons for the inconsistent conclusions drawn by relevant research, in this paper we constructed a meta-regression database based on 65 pieces of relevant literature published in the past 25 years. For more valid samples to reduce publication bias, we also set the statistical significance of social support to the health of the elderly in rural areas as a dependent variable. Finally, combined with multi-dimensional social support and its implications for the health of the elderly, meta-regression analysis was carried out on the results of 171 empirical studies. The results show that (1) subjective support rather than objective support can have a significant impact on the health of the elderly in rural areas, and there is no significant difference between other dimensions of social support and objective support; (2) the health status of the elderly in rural areas in samples involving western regions is more sensitive to social support than that in samples not involving the western regions; (3) among the elderly in rural areas, social support for the older male elderly is more likely to improve their health than that for the younger female elderly; and (4) besides this, both data sources and econometric models greatly affect the heterogeneity of the effect of social support on the health of the elderly in rural areas, but neither the published year nor the journal is significant. Finally, relevant policies and follow-up studies on the impact of social support on the health of the elderly in rural areas are discussed.

Predictors of Faster Decline of Residual Renal Function in Taiwanese Peritoneal Dialysis Patients

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 191-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Te Liao ◽  
Chih-Chung Shiao ◽  
Jenq-Wen Huang ◽  
Kuan-Yu Hung ◽  
Hsueh-Fang Chuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Residual Renal Function ◽  
Measure Data ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Artery Disease

⋄ Objective Loss of residual renal function (RRF) in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients is a powerful predictor of mortality. The present study was conducted to determine the predictors of faster decline of RRF in PD patients in Taiwan. ⋄ Methods The study enrolled 270 patients starting PD between January 1996 and December 2005 in a single hospital in Taiwan. We calculated RRF as the mean of the sum of 24-hour urea and creatinine clearance. The slope of the decline of residual glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was the main outcome measure. Data on demographic, clinical, laboratory, and treatment parameters; episodes of peritonitis; and hypotensive events were analyzed by Student t-test, Mann–Whitney U-test, and chi-square, as appropriate. All variables with statistical significance were included in a multivariate linear regression model to select the best predictors ( p < 0.05) for faster decline of residual GFR. ⋄ Results All patients commencing PD during the study period were followed for 39.4 ± 24.0 months (median: 35.5 months). The average annual rate of decline of residual GFR was 1.377 ± 1.47 mL/min/m2. On multivariate analysis, presence of diabetes mellitus ( p < 0.001), higher baseline residual GFR ( p < 0.001), hypotensive events ( p = 0.001), use of diuretics ( p = 0.002), and episodes of peritonitis ( p = 0.043) independently predicted faster decline of residual GFR. Male sex, old age, larger body mass index, and presence of coronary artery disease or congestive heart failure were also risk factors on univariate analysis. ⋄ Conclusions Our results suggested that diabetes mellitus, higher baseline residual GFR, hypotensive events, and use of diuretics are independently associated with faster decline of residual GFR in PD patients in Taiwan.

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