scholarly journals Effect of 12-Month Resistance Training on Changes in Abdominal Adipose Tissue and Metabolic Variables in Patients with Prediabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Yan ◽  
Xia Dai ◽  
Jitao Feng ◽  
Xiaodan Yuan ◽  
Jianing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Fasting Plasma Glucose ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Abdominal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Metabolic Variables

Objective. To examine the effects of resistance training relative to aerobic training on abdominal adipose tissue and metabolic variables in adults with prediabetes. Methods. 105 participants with prediabetes were randomized into the resistance training group (RT, n=35), aerobic training group (AT, n=35), and control group (CG, n=35). The participants completed supervised 12-month exercise; the control group followed the primary lifestyle without exercise intervention. The primary outcomes were visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) measured by computed tomography (CT). Secondary outcomes were body composition, lipid profile, and metabolic variables. Results. A total of 93 participants completed the study. There were nonsignificant differences between groups before intervention. After training, VAT decreased significantly in AT and RT compared with CG (P=0.001 and P=0.014, respectively). Although no significant difference in SAT was found across groups, SAT decreased significantly over time within each exercise group (all P=0.001). Increase in muscle mass was greater in RT than that in AT and CG (P=0.031 and P=0.045, respectively). Compared with CG, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) decreased significantly in RT and AT (P=0.003 and P=0.014, respectively). There was a significant difference in the number of prediabetes who converted to diabetes among AT and RT, as compared with the control group (P=0.031 and P=0.011, respectively). No significant differences were observed in lipid, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), body mass index (BMI), fasting insulin (FI), 2-hour postprandial glucose (2hPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), HOMA-IR, and HOMA-β across groups. Conclusion. Both aerobic training and resistance training are effective in reducing abdominal adipose tissue and fasting plasma glucose in adults with prediabetes. Importantly, resistance training but not aerobic training is effective in augmenting muscle mass. Trial Registration. The trial is registered with NCT02561377 (date of registration: 24/09/2015).

scholarly journals Effect of Eight Weeks Water Resistance Training with Dark Chocolate Supplementation on the Balance of the Elderly

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Mousavi ◽  
Farshad Ghazalian
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Training Group ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Dark Chocolate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Water ◽  
Age Range

Introduction: Improving balance in the daily lives of the elderly plays an important role, especially in reducing their risk of falling. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks water resistance training with dark chocolate supplementation on the balance of the elderly.Methods: In this study, 38 elderly people with an age range of 73-60 years were randomly divided into four groups. Participants in groups, included water resistance training and water resistance training + dark chocolate, performed water resistance training for eight weeks. In this period, groups of dark chocolate and water resistance training + dark chocolate, consumed 6 pieces of dark chocolate 83%, 5 gr per day, and the control group did not have any training or supplementation. The stork test (flamingo) was used to assess balance. The results of covariance analysis (ANOVA) showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the four groups. Data were evaluated using Excel and SPSS-25 (p≤ 0.05). Results: The adjusted means after eliminating the effect of pre-test scores showed that the water resistance-training group had a higher mean than the other three groups and the weakest scores belonged to the control group. The results of other groups were as followed: experimental group 18.77, chocolate group 16.88, combined group (water resistance training + dark chocolate) 17.24 and control group 9.77. The results of Benferoni test showed that there was a significant difference between the water resistance training group and the control group (p = 0.006). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it seems that eight weeks of water resistance training and dark chocolate supplementation can improve the balance and quality of life of the elderly.

Benefits of aerobic training in girls with precocious puberty: involvement of CRP and cortisol

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 1005-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Heidarianpour ◽  
Elnaz Shokri ◽  
Tayebe Baghian ◽  
Behnaz Shokri
Keyword(s):  
Precocious Puberty ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Serum Crp

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of aerobic training, 4 weeks of detraining and use gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) on serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and cortisol levels in girls with central precocious puberty (CPP). Methods Forty-five girls (aged 6–8 years) with precocious puberty were randomly divided into three groups (medication, training and medicine + training groups). Fifteen healthy girls (without precocious puberty) were also included as the control group. Serum CRP and cortisol levels were measured at baseline by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Then, the experimental groups performed an aerobic training program for 3 days/week 20–75 min per day at 45–75% maximum heart rate for 12 weeks. The medication groups also received GnRHa during the study, once a month (1 mL every 4 weeks) by intramuscular injection. Serum CRP and cortisol levels were measured again 48 h after the last training session and also after 4 weeks of detraining. Results Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures showed a significant decrease in CRP (p = 0.02) and cortisol levels (p = 0.01) in the training group and the medicine + training group. Detraining led to return of CRP and cortisol levels to the pre-training levels (p = 0.001). No significant difference in serum CRP (p = 0.43) and cortisol levels (p = 0.06) was observed in the medication group. Further, no significant difference was observed between groups in CRP and cortisol. Conclusions Long-term regular moderate training decreases inflammation indices, and detraining eliminates the benefits of training in girls with precocious puberty.

Tendon Cross-Sectional Area is Not Associated with Muscle Volume

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 176-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsuki Fukutani ◽  
Toshiyuki Kurihara
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Distal Portion ◽  
Muscle Volume ◽  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Triceps Brachii ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rugby Players

Recent studies have reported that resistance training increases the cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of tendons; however, this finding has not been consistently observed across different studies. If tendon CSA increases through resistance training, resistance-trained individuals should have larger tendon CSAs as compared with untrained individuals. Therefore, in the current study, we aimed to investigate whether resistance training increases tendon CSAs by comparing resistance-trained and untrained individuals. Sixteen males, who were either body builders or rugby players, were recruited as the training group, and 11 males, who did not participate in regular resistance training, were recruited into the control group. Tendon CSAs and muscle volumes of the triceps brachii, quadriceps femoris, and triceps surae were calculated from images obtained by using magnetic resonance imaging. The volumes of the 3 muscles were significantly higher in the training group than in the control group (P < .001 for all muscles). However, a significant difference in tendon CSAs was found only for the distal portion of the triceps surae tendon (P = .041). These findings indicate that tendon CSA is not associated with muscle volume, suggesting that resistance training does not increase tendon CSA.

scholarly journals Effect of Aerobic Training and Resistance Training on Circulating Irisin Level and Their Association With Change of Body Composition in Overweight/Obese Adults: a Pilot Study

2016 ◽  
pp. 271-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-J. KIM ◽  
H.-J. LEE ◽  
B. SO ◽  
J. S. SON ◽  
D. YOON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Before And After

The novel myokine irisin has been reported as a therapeutic target for metabolic disease. The objective of this study is to reveal the effects of aerobic training (AT) and resistance training (RT) on circulating irisin levels and their associations with change of body composition in overweight/obese adults. Twenty eight overweight/obese adults (BMI>23 kg/m2) were included in this study and compared before and after 8 weeks of exercise program (60 min/day, 5 times in a week). The subjects, in both aerobic and resistance training, showed significant improvement in anthropometric parameters and exercise capacities including maximal oxygen uptake and muscle strength. Interestingly, the circulating irisin was significantly increased in resistance training group (p=0.002) but not in aerobic training (p=0.426) compared to control group. In addition, we found the positive correlation between change of the circulating irisin and muscle mass (r=0.432, p=0.022) and the negative correlation between change of the circulating irisin and fat mass (r=−0.407, p=0.031). In the present pilot study, we found that circulating irisin level was increased by 8 weeks of resistance training in overweight/obese adults, suggesting that resistance training could be the efficient exercise type in overweight/obese considering positive change of body composition concomitant with increase of irisin levels.

scholarly journals Effect of different exercises on effective factors involved in reverse cholesterol transfer in patients with coronary artery bypass surgery

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-74
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery ◽  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Apo B ◽  
Training Groups

Background: The present study aimed to compare the effect of different exercises on effective factors involved in reverse cholesterol transfer in patients with coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). Materials and Methods: A number of 45 patients with CABGwere assigned to three groups: control (n=12), aerobic exercise (n=15), and resistance training (n=18). Three aerobic and resistance training sessions were performed per week for eight weeks. Anthropometric variables, expression of ABCG4 gen, as well as the serum levels of Apo-A and Apo-B, were measured before and after the training period. Data were analyzed using repeated measures of ANOVA. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Aerobic and resistance training significantly increased the expression of ABCG4 gene, compared to those in the control group (P=0.001); nonetheless, there was no significant difference between the two training groups (P= 0.021). Significant differences were observed in serum levels of Apo-A and Apo-B in both aerobic and resistance training groups, compared to those obtained in the control group (P=0.001). However, the difference between aerobic and resistance training groups was significant for Apo-A (P= 0.001), but not for Apo-B (P=1.000). Moreover, the ratio of Apo-A to Apo-B was significantly different for the resistance training group, compared to that in the control group (P= 0.001); nevertheless, it was not significant for the aerobic training group (P=1.000). Conclusion: As evidenced by the results of this study, resistance training improves cholesterol reverse transport regulators more than aerobic training; therefore, resistance training is recommended to regulate reverse cholesterol transfer.

scholarly journals Comparison of Resistance Training and Plyometric Training for the Development of Speed of the Athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-71
Author(s):  
Sandip Sankar Ghosh ◽  
Raju Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plyometric Training ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Experimental Group

The purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of Plyometric Training (PT) and Resistance Training (RT) for improving speed ability of the Athletes. Total thirty six (N = 36) district level athletes were randomly selected. All the subjects were divided into three equal groups: i) Resistance Training Group (RTG) as Experimental Group-I, ii) Plyometric Training Group (PTG) as Experimental Group-II and iii) Control Group (CG). Experimental group-I underwent resistance training whereas experimental group-II underwent plyometric training for eight weeks. But the control group did not involve in any of the above treatments. In the present study speed ability was measured through 60 yard dash. To draw the statistical inference analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used followed by Tukey’s LSD test as post hoc test. Both RTG and PTG improved significantly with respect to the CG in speed ability. Significant difference was also observed between RTG and PTG in speed ability. It was also confirmed that the PTG improved better than the RTG in speed ability. From the above findings it can be concluded that PT is more effective training means than RT to improve the speed ability of the athlete.

Childhood Obesity, Physical Activity, and Exercise

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
Dan Nemet
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Obese Adolescents ◽  
Combined Training

Importance:Little evidence exists on which exercise modality is optimal for obese adolescents. Objective: To determine the effects of aerobic training, resistance training, and combined training on percentage body fat in overweight and obese adolescents.Design, Setting, and Participants:Randomized, parallel-group clinical trial at community-based exercise facilities in Ottawa (Ontario) and Gatineau (Quebec), Canada, among previously inactive postpubertal adolescents aged 14-18 years (Tanner stage IV or V) with body mass index at or above the 95th percentile for age and sex or at or above the 85th percentile plus an additional diabetes mellitus or cardiovascular risk factor. Interventions: After a 4-week run-in period, 304 participants were randomized to the following 4 groups for 22 weeks: aerobic training (n = 75), resistance training (n = 78), combined aerobic and resistance training (n = 75), or nonexercising control (n = 76). All participants received dietary counseling, with a daily energy deficit of 250 kcal.Main Outcomes and Measures:The primary outcome was percentage body fat measured by magnetic resonance imaging at baseline and 6 months. We hypothesized that aerobic training and resistance training would each yield greater decreases than the control and that combined training would cause greater decreases than aerobic or resistance training alone.Results:Decreases in percentage body fat were −0.3 (95% CI, −0.9 to 0.3) in the control group, −1.1 (95% CI, −1.7 to −0.5) in the aerobic training group (p = .06 vs. controls), and −1.6 (95% CI, −2.2 to −1.0) in the resistance training group (p = .002 vs controls). The −1.4 (95% CI, −2.0 to −0.8) decrease in the combined training group did not differ significantly from that in the aerobic or resistance training group. Waist circumference changes were −0.2 (95% CI, −1.7 to 1.2) cm in the control group, −3.0 (95% CI, −4.4 to −1.6) cm in the aerobic group (p = .006 vs controls), −2.2 (95% CI −3.7 to −0.8) cm in the resistance training group (p = .048 vs controls), and −4.1 (95% CI, −5.5 to −2.7) cm in the combined training group. In per-protocol analyses (> 70% adherence), the combined training group had greater changes in percentage body fat (-2.4, 95% CI, −3.2 to −1.6) vs the aerobic group (-1.2; 95% CI, −2.0 to −0.5; p = .04 vs the combined group) but not the resistance group (-1.6; 95% CI, −2.5 to −0.8).Conclusions and Relevance:Aerobic, resistance, and combined training reduced total body fat and waist circumference in obese adolescents. In more adherent participants, combined training may cause greater decreases than aerobic or resistance training alone.

A Simple Method for Increasing Levels of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol: A Pilot Study of Combination Aerobic- and Resistance-Exercise Training

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Lang Tseng ◽  
Chien-Chang Ho ◽  
Shih-Chang Chen ◽  
Yi-Chia Huang ◽  
Cheng-Hsiu Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Different Types

Evidence suggests that physical activity has a beneficial effect of elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) on reducing coronary artery risk. However, previous studies show contrasting results for this association between different types of exercise training (i.e., aerobic, resistance, or combined aerobic and resistance training). The aim of this study was to determine which type of exercise training is more effective in increasing HDL-C levels. Forty obese men, age 18–29 yr, were randomized into 4 groups: an aerobic-training group (n = 10), a resistance-training group (n = 10), a combined-exercise-training group (n = 10), and a control group (n = 10). After a 12-wk exercise program, anthropometrics, blood biochemical variables, and physical-fitness components were compared with the data obtained at the baseline. Multiple-regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between different types of exercise training and changes in HDL-C while adjusting for potential confounders. The results showed that with the control group as the comparator, the effects of combined-exercise training (β = 4.17, p < .0001), aerobic training (β = 3.65, p < .0001), and resistance training (β = 2.10, p = .0001) were positively associated with increase in HDL-C after adjusting for potential confounders. Our findings suggested that a short-term exercise program can play an important role in increasing HDL-C levels; either aerobic or resistance training alone significantly increases the HDL-C levels, but the improvements are greatest with combined aerobic and resistance training.

scholarly journals Examination the Effects of Aerobic and Resistance Exercise on Body Compositions of Sedentary Male Individuals

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3S) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Niyazi Sıdkı Adıgüzel ◽  
Umut Canli
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Heart Rates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Body Compositions

The present study was conducted to determine the effects of 8-week aerobic and resistance training on body composition values of sedentary male individuals. A total of 30 healthy sedentary male subjects volunteered to participate in the study and were divided into two groups randomly: aerobic training group (n = 15, age = 34.0 ± 5.22 years), and resistance training group (n = 15, age = 34.2 ± 6.12). Body heights of the participants were measured and their body compositions body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), basal metabolic rate (BMR), body fat percentage (BFP), body fat mass (BFM), lean body mass (LBM) were measured with bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) device, and then evaluated. Their resting heart rates were determined, and maximum heart rates were calculated with the Karvonen formula. The Brzycki Equation was used to predict one-repetition maximum strength. There were statistically significant decreases in BW, BMI, BFP and BFM values of the aerobic training group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between pre- and post-test values of BMR and LBM (p>0.05). BW and BMI values of the resistance training group did not show a significant difference in pre-test and post-test (p>0.05). Significant decreases were found in BFP and BFM values (p<0.05). The increase in BMR and LBM values were found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). There were significant differences between BW, BMI, BMR, BFM and LBM values in the comparison of pre- and post-test values of the aerobic and resistance training groups (p<0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference in BFP (p>0.05). In conclusion, it was found out that regular aerobic and resistance training caused positive effects on body composition of sedentary male individuals.

scholarly journals Effect of an Aerobic Exercise Course on PI3K and AKT1 Expression and Neural Muscle Insulin Resistance in Diabetic Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Nadi ◽  
Abdolali Banaeifar ◽  
Sajad Arshadi
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to investigate eight weeks of aerobic workout on PI3K and AKT expression as well as insulin resistance (IR) of muscle in diabetic rats by nicotinamide - streptozotocin. Materials and Methods: This laboratory study was conducted on 14 male Wistar rats (8 to 10 weeks) with a weight range of 201 to 250 g and induction of type 2 diabetes (one week). These mice were classified into 2 groups: aerobic training and control group. No exercise was given to the control group during the study, while the aerobic exercise program was run for 5 weeks a week with a gradual increase of speed (10 to 25 m / min) and time (15 to 40 minutes) in running treadmill was performed for the aerobic training group. Assay of gene expression in both study groups was by rt-PCR. For statistical analysis, the SPSS 19 software was used. The variables were compared between the two groups using one-way ANOVA. Results: The findings showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of IR in diabetic rats (3.85 (± 0.39) vs. 5.26 (± 0.55); P-value= 0.345). The expression of AKT (2.37 (± 2.33) vs. 1.000 (± 0.001); P-value= 0.042) and PI3K (2.87 (± 2.54) vs. 1.000 (± 0.001); P-value= 0.028) in the neural muscle of the training group compared with control group had a significant increase. Conclusion: It seems that performing eight weeks of aerobic exercise could be a strong stimulus for PI3K and AKT gene expression.

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