scholarly journals Effect of Different Types of Fly Ash on Properties of Asphalt Mixtures

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarina Mirković ◽  
Nikola Tošić ◽  
Goran Mladenović
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Mineral Filler ◽  
Water Sensitivity ◽  
Alternative Materials ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Different Sources

In order to preserve natural resources, the use of waste and alternative materials in the construction and maintenance of roads is increasingly investigated. This paper presents the results of testing wearing course asphalt mixtures (AC 11s SURF 50/70) made with various percentages of fly ash, used as a partial or complete substitute for mineral filler. The properties of fly ash were determined to assess their suitability for use in asphalt mixtures. The experimental research was performed on asphalt samples containing fly ash from three different sources, with 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of mineral filler substitution. The control mixture was prepared with 100% of mineral filler. The paper presents the volumetric composition, stability, and flow of asphalt mixtures tested on standard Marshall’s samples, water sensitivity, and resistance to permanent deformation. The results of this study indicate that a satisfactory volumetric composition can be achieved by adding fly ash, while the bulk density and voids of the mineral and asphalt mixture generally depend on the type of fly ash and its content. The stability and flow of mixtures with fly ash are favourable compared with the control mixture. The water sensitivity of mixtures with fly ash is generally lower compared with the control mixture and depends on the type and percentage of fly ash. The resistance to permanent deformation of the asphalt mixtures depends on the fly ash type and percentage. The results obtained in this study are an important step towards broader implementation of fly ash in asphalt mixtures.

scholarly journals Use of polymer modified binders as rejuvenators in recycled asphalt mixtures

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 654-664
Author(s):  
Hélder P. Torres ◽  
Sara R. M. Fernandes ◽  
Carlos D. A. Loureiro ◽  
Caroline F. N. Moura ◽  
Hugo M. R. D. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Recycled Asphalt ◽  
Water Sensitivity ◽  
Modified Binders ◽  
Road Paving

AbstractRoad paving recycling has been acquiring more relevance in society, especially within the paradigm of a circular economy. The addition of waste materials in asphalt mixtures is an excellent solution to face the gradual emergence of a great diversity of waste materials and reduce the production costs. This study aims to evaluate the addition of commercial and laboratory-produced polymer modified binders as rejuvenators in recycled asphalt mixtures with high contents of reclaimed asphalt pavement material (RAP). A commercial polymer modified binder (PMB) and a conventional bitumen modified with 5% of styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) or 4% of Regefalt were added to RAP aged bitumen and compared with a rejuvenated binder. Fatigue, permanent deformation and water sensitivity tests carried out on recycled mixtures produced with those binders showed that polymer modified binders could be used as rejuvenators to improve their performance significantly. The recycled asphalt mixture produced with the commercial PMB presented the best mechanical performance. The polymer-modified binders revealed an ageing resistance equivalent to that of the control rejuvenated binder, or slightly better in the case of the final binder with SBS polymer.

Performance Characterization of Stone Mastic Asphalt using Steel Fiber

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekarizan Shaffie ◽  
◽  
H.A. Rashid ◽  
Fiona Shiong ◽  
Ahmad Kamil Arshad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steel Fiber ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Moisture Susceptibility ◽  
Mastic Asphalt ◽  
Bitumen Content ◽  
Stone Mastic Asphalt ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Marshall Stability

Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) is a gap-graded hot mixture designed to provide higher resistance towards permanent deformation and rutting potential by 30% to 40% more than dense-graded asphalt, due to its stable aggregate skeleton structure. However, compared to other types of hot mix asphalt, SMA unfortunately has some shortcomings in term of its susceptibility towards moisture-induced damage due to its structure and excessive bitumen content in the composition. This research aims to assess the performance of a SMA mixture with steel fiber by enhancing overall stability, abrasion resistance, and, most importantly, moisture susceptibility. This study involved the incorporation of various steel fiber proportions of 0%, 0.3%, 0.5% and 0.7% by the total weight of mixture. The steel fiber modified SMA was made up of 6.0% PEN 60/70 bitumen content. The performance of SMA were evaluated through Marshall stability and flow test, Cantabro loss test and indirect tensile strength test. The results obtained from the testing showed that the incorporation of steel fiber is significantly effective to enhance the resistance towards moisture damage, while increasing the stability and reducing the abrasion loss of SMA mixture, compared to conventional mixture. Overall, it can be concluded that the addition of steel fiber in asphalt mixture specifically SMA, has improved the mechanical performance in the application of asphalt pavement with the optimum steel fiber proportion of 0.3% by the weight of mixture. The developed models between the independent variables and responses demonstrated high levels of correlation. The study found that Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is an effective statistical method for providing an appropriate empirical model for relating parameters and predicting the optimum performance of an asphaltic mixture to reduce flexible pavement failure.

scholarly journals Functional and environmental performance of plant-produced crumb rubber asphalt mixtures using the dry process

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bueno ◽  
R. Haag ◽  
N. Heeb ◽  
P. Mikhailenko ◽  
L. Boesiger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Performance ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Dry Process

AbstractIncorporating crumb rubber (CR) using the dry process, directly in the asphalt mixture rather than into the bituminous binder requires no plant retrofitting, and therefore is the most practical industrial method for CR incorporation into asphalt mixtures. Nevertheless, very few large scale studies have been conducted. This work uses a holistic approach and reports on the functional and environmental performance of asphalt mixtures with different concentrations of CR fabricated employing the dry process in asphalt plants. Gaseous emissions were monitored during the production and laboratory leaching tests simulating the release of pollutants during rain, was conducted to evaluate the toxicology of both the CR material alone and the modified asphalt mixtures. In addition, laboratory compacted samples were tested to assess their fatigue behavior. Furthermore, noise relevant surface properties of large roller compacted slabs were evaluated before and after being subjected to a load simulator (MMLS3) to evaluate their resistance to permanent deformation. The results confirm that comparable performance can be achieved with the incorporation of CR using the dry process for high performance surfaces such as semi-dense asphalt, which usually require the use of polymer modified binders. Environmental performance improvement can be achieved by a washing step of the CR material that could remove polar CR additives which have commonly been used as vulcanization accelerator during rubber production.

scholarly journals Viscoelastic Parameters of Asphalt Mixtures Identified in Static and Dynamic Tests

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 2084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Mackiewicz ◽  
Antoni Szydło
Keyword(s):  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Dynamic Test ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Rheological Parameters ◽  
Dynamic Tests ◽  
Static Test ◽  
Viscoelastic Parameters ◽  
Static Creep ◽  
Asphalt Content

We present two methods used in the identification of viscoelastic parameters of asphalt mixtures used in pavements. The static creep test and the dynamic test, with a frequency of 10 Hz, were carried out based on the four-point bending beam (4BP). In the method identifying viscoelastic parameters for the Brugers’ model, we included the course of a creeping curve (for static creep) and fatigue hysteresis (for dynamic test). It was shown that these parameters depend significantly on the load time, method used, and temperature and asphalt content. A similar variation of parameters depending on temperature was found for the two tests, but different absolute values were obtained. Additionally, the share of viscous deformations in relation to total deformations is presented, on the basis of back calculations and finite element methods. We obtained a significant contribution of viscous deformations (about 93% for the static test and 25% for the dynamic test) for the temperature 25 °C. The received rheological parameters from both methods appeared to be sensitive to a change in asphalt content, which means that these methods can be used to design an optimal asphalt mixture composition—e.g., due to the permanent deformation of pavement. We also found that the parameters should be determined using the creep curve for the static analyses with persistent load, whereas in the case of the dynamic studies, the hysteresis is more appropriate. The 4BP static creep and dynamic tests are sufficient methods for determining the rheological parameters for materials designed for flexible pavements. In the 4BP dynamic test, we determined relationships between damping and viscosity coefficients, showing material variability depending on the test temperature.

scholarly journals Performance and Durability of Porous Asphalt Mixtures Manufactured Exclusively with Electric Steel Slags

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 3306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Skaf ◽  
Emiliano Pasquini ◽  
Víctor Revilla-Cuesta ◽  
Vanesa Ortega-López
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Electric Steelmaking ◽  
Porous Asphalt ◽  
Bituminous Mixtures ◽  
Abrasion Loss ◽  
Water Sensitivity ◽  
Electric Arc Furnace Slag ◽  
Furnace Slag

Electric arc furnace slag (EAFS) and ladle furnace slag (LFS) are by-products of the electric steelmaking sector with suitable properties for use in bituminous mixtures as both coarse and fine aggregates, respectively. In this research, the production of a porous asphalt mixture with an aggregate skeleton consisting exclusively of electric steelmaking slags (using neither natural aggregates nor fillers) is explored. The test program examines the asphalt mixtures in terms of their mechanical performance (abrasion loss and indirect tensile strength), durability (cold abrasion loss, aging, and long-term behavior), water sensitivity, skid and rutting resistance, and permeability. The results of the slag-mixes are compared with a standard mix, manufactured with siliceous aggregates and cement as filler. The porous mixes manufactured with the slags provided similar results to the conventional standard mixtures. Some issues were noted in relation to compaction difficulties and the higher void contents of the slag mixtures, which reduced their resistance to raveling. Other features linked to permeability and skid resistance were largely improved, suggesting that these mixtures are especially suitable for permeable pavements in rainy regions. In conclusion, a porous asphalt mixture was produced with 100% slag aggregates that met current standards for long-lasting and environmentally friendly mixtures.

Superpave Models: Predicting Performance during Design and Construction

1996 ◽  
Vol 1545 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
Gerald A. Huber ◽  
Xishun Zhang ◽  
Robin Fontaine
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Models ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Design System ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Premature Failure ◽  
The Impact

The Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP) spent $50 million researching asphalt binders and asphalt mixtures and provided three main products: an asphalt binder specification, an asphalt mixture specification, and Superpave, an asphalt mixture design system that encompasses both the binder and mixture specification. SHRP researchers have provided tools that promise more robust asphalt mixtures with reduced risk of premature failure. Implementation of the specifications and mix design system will require overcoming several obstacles. Superpave must be demonstrated to be practical and easy to use. The impact of Superpave aggregate requirements on aggregate availability must be determined. The Superpave gyratory compaction procedure has been uniquely defined and then calibrated to traffic volume. The reasonableness of this approach must be tested in widespread application. Perhaps the largest implementation hurdle exists in the performance models. Expensive test equipment is necessary to do the performance-based tests. The performance predictions must be established as reasonable to justify the cost. A highway reconstruction project containing three Superpave Level 1 mix designs is documented including quality control done with the Superpave gyratory compactor. Superpave Level 2 performance-based tests were carried out to predict permanent deformation of the design and the mixture as constructed. The performance-based engineering properties obtained from the tests are evaluated, and the reasonableness of the performance prediction models is discussed.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK PENGGUNAAN ABU SERBUK KAYU SEBAGAI SUBTITUSI FILLER PADA CAMPURAN LASTON LAPIS AUS

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Cut Yuslinggan Cahya ◽  
Sofyan M. Saleh ◽  
Renni Anggraini
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Filler Material ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Saw Dust ◽  
Alternative Materials ◽  
The Stability

Most of the filler material is a natural product such as rock ashes that increasingly limited and possesses high economic value. The further innovations in filler substitute by using alternative materials are demanded such as waste saw dust to become economical and unlimited resources. This study aims to determine the effect of the use of sawdust and Portland cement as a filler over AC-WC aggregate mixture characteristics. Further, sawdust and the Portland cement includes as the substitution. The filler substitution sawdust and Portland cement respectively amounted to 75% ASK - 25% SP, 50% ASK - 50% SP, 25% ASK - 75% SP and 0% ASK - 100% SP. Moreover, the experiment produced Substitution of 6.1% KAO for 75% sawdust - 25% Portland cement, Substitution of 6% for 50% sawdust - 50% Portland cement, Substitution of 5.85% for 25% sawdust - 75 % Portland cement and Substitution of 5.31% for 0% sawdust - 100% Portland cement. The best resulted KAO found in 0% sawdust substitution and 100% portland cement with 5.31%. The high-grade stability value with 30 minutes of regular water immersion is 1300,38 kg within 0% ash of sawdust substitution and 100% of Portland cement. The lowest stability value with 30 minutes of regular water immersion is 1056.09 kg within 75% sawdust substitution and 25% of Portland cement. The sawdust and portland cement durability value accomplished the Bina Marga 2014 specification (≥ 90%). The ANOVA test proved the addition of sawdust and portland cement in the asphalt mixture affects the stability value of the regular water immersion.

scholarly journals Viability of Using High Amounts of Steel Slag Aggregates to Improve the Circularity and Performance of Asphalt Mixtures

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 490
Author(s):  
Caroline Moura ◽  
Lucas Nascimento ◽  
Carlos Loureiro ◽  
Mafalda Rodrigues ◽  
Joel Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Water Sensitivity ◽  
Natural Aggregates ◽  
And Performance

Steel slag is a byproduct generated as waste during the steelmaking process and can be considered a cost-effective and environmentally acceptable alternative to replace natural aggregates. Using steel slag aggregates (SSA) to produce asphalt mixtures promotes sustainability and circular economy principles by using an industrial byproduct as a raw material. Thus, this work mainly aims to design more sustainable asphalt mixtures with high amounts of SSA that fit the circular economy expectations. This work developed two asphalt mixtures with SSA for surface (AC 14 surf) and binder/base (AC 20 bin/base) courses. Initially, the excellent wearing and polishing resistance of SSA and their good affinity with bitumen demonstrated the potential of this byproduct to be used in asphalt mixtures. Then, when analyzing the influence of using two different SSA incorporation rates (50% and a percentage close to 100%) in both asphalt mixtures, it was concluded that the use of SSA should be limited to 75% to avoid excessive air void contents and durability problems. The importance of considering the different particle densities of SSA and natural aggregates was highlighted during the mix design by defining a relationship between an effective and equivalent binder content. Finally, the mechanical performance of AC 14 and AC 20 with 75% SSA incorporation was compared to identical conventional mixtures produced with natural granite aggregates. The results obtained showed that the asphalt mixtures with 75% SSA have some workability problems due to the rough and porous surface of SSA. However, they present an excellent water sensitivity and permanent deformation resistance, surpassing the performance of the conventional asphalt mixtures.

scholarly journals Effects of Aggregate Mesostructure on Permanent Deformation of Asphalt Mixture Using Three-Dimensional Discrete Element Modeling

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 3601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deyu Zhang ◽  
Linhao Gu ◽  
Junqing Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Texture ◽  
Deformation Behavior ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Discrete Element ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Creep Tests

This paper investigated the effects of aggregate mesostructures on permanent deformation behavior of an asphalt mixture using the three-dimensional (3D) discrete element method (DEM). A 3D discrete element (DE) model of an asphalt mixture composed of coarse aggregates, asphalt mastic, and air voids was developed. Mesomechanical models representing the interactions among the components of asphalt mixture were assigned. Based on the mesomechanical modeling, the uniaxial static load creep tests were simulated using the prepared models, and effects of aggregate angularity, orientation, surface texture, and distribution on the permanent deformation behavior of the asphalt mixtures were analyzed. It was proven that good aggregate angularity had a positive effect on the permanent deformation performance of the asphalt mixtures, especially when approximate cubic aggregates were used. Aggregate packing was more stable when the aggregate orientations tended to be horizontal, which improved the permanent deformation performance of the asphalt mixture. The influence of orientations of 4.75 mm size aggregates on the permanent deformation behavior of the asphalt mixture was significant. Use of aggregates with good surface texture benefitted the permanent deformation performance of the asphalt mixture. Additionally, the non-uniform distribution of aggregates had a negative impact on the permanent deformation performance of the asphalt mixtures, especially when aggregates were distributed non-uniformly in the vertical direction.

A Review of the Utilisation of Recycled Waste Material as an Alternative Modifier in Asphalt Mixtures

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 42-60
Author(s):  
Abdalrhman Abrahim Milad ◽  
Ahmed Suliman B. Ali ◽  
Nur Izzi Md Yusoff
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Waste Material ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
The Road

The possibility of using waste materials in road construction is of great interest as their utilisation may contribute to reducing the problems of hazard and pollution and conserve natural resources. Thus, there is an urgent need to find a sustainable method for using waste materials as a substitute in the standard asphalt binders. There are several concerns about the physical and chemical properties and mechanical performance of asphalt pavements incorporated with waste material in the effort to reduce permanent deformation of the road surface. This review article presents a brief discussion of the asphalt mixtures modified with waste material, and the recycled materials used as a modifier in the asphalt mixture. The present paper summarises the use of crumb rubber, crushed concrete, steel slag, glass fibre and plastic waste in asphalt mixtures. The use of waste materials as a modifier in asphalt mixture resulted in improved asphalt pavement performance. Results advocate that rubberised asphalt mixture with desired properties can be designed as an additive with a friendly environmental approach in construction materials. The researches that adopted the influence of usage, recycle waste material to improve the performance of the asphalt of the road are still limited compared to other construction fields. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2020-SP(EMCE)-05 Full Text: PDF

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