scholarly journals The Characteristics of Metaheuristic Method in Selection of Path Pairs on Multicriteria Ad Hoc Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nyoman Gunantara ◽  
I Dewa Nyoman Nurweda Putra
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Computing Time ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Swarm Optimization ◽  
Metaheuristic Methods ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Selection Of

This research analyzes the metaheuristic methods, that is, ant colony optimization (ACO), genetic algorithm (GA), and particle swarm optimization (PSO), in the selection of path pairs on multicriteria ad hoc network. Multicriteria used are signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), load variance, and power consumption. Analysis of the simulation result is done as follows: first, in terms of computing time, the ACO method takes the most time compared with GA and PSO methods. Second, in terms of multicriteria performance, i.e., the performance of SNR, load variance, and power consumption, the GA method shows the same value in each repetition. It is different from ACO and PSO that show varying values. Finally, the selection of the path pairs by the GA method indicates the pairs of the path that are always the same as by the ACO and PSO methods indicate those that vary.

scholarly journals Multi-Objective Cross-Layer Optimization for Selection of Cooperative Path Pairs in Multihop Wireless Ad hoc Networks

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nyoman Gunantara ◽  
Gamantyo Hendrantoro
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Wireless Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Cross Layer ◽  
Multihop Wireless ◽  
Cross Layer Optimization ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Pareto Method ◽  
Selection Of

This paper focuses in the selection of an optimal path pair for cooperative diversity based on cross-layer optimization in multihop wireless ad hoc networks. Cross-layer performance indicators, including power consumption, signal-to-noise ratio, and load variance are optimized using multi-objective optimization (MOO) with Pareto method. Consequently, optimization can be performed simultaneously to obtain a compromise among three resources over all possible path pairs. The Pareto method is further compared to the scalarization method in achieving fairness to each resource. We examine the statistics of power consumption, SNR, and load variance for both methods through simulations. In addition, the complexity of the optimization of both methods is evaluated based on the required computing time.

Study of Ad hoc Networks with Reference to MANET, VANET, FANET

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bodhy Krishna .S
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Wireless Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Autonomous Nodes ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Network Administration

A wireless ad hoc network is a decentralized type of wireless network. It is a type of temporary computer-to-computer connection. It is a spontaneous network which includes mobile ad-hoc networks (MANET), vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANET) and Flying ad-hoc networks (FANET). A MANET is a network that has many free or autonomous nodes often composed of mobile devices that can operate without strict top-down network administration [1]. A VANET is a sub form of MANET. It is a technology that uses vehicles as nodes in a network to create a mobile network. FANET is an ad-hoc network of flying nodes. They can fly independently or can be operated distantly. This paper discusses the characteristics of these three ad-hoc networks.

An Improved Ad Hoc Network Communication Based on Cluster

2013 ◽  
Vol 660 ◽  
pp. 184-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhai ◽  
Xing Wei ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
Liao Yuan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Directional Antennas ◽  
Directional Antenna ◽  
Gateway Node ◽  
Adaptive Clustering ◽  
Communication Method ◽  
Hoc Networks

In order to tackle the data transmission bottlenecks of the gateway node in clustering Ad hoc Networks, the paper proposes a communication method. Firstly, DMAC (Distributed and Mobility-Adaptive Clustering) algorithm and Omni-directional antenna is well introduced and discussed. Then the ICMMDA (The Inter-cluster Communication Method based on Directional Antennas) policy building virtual channels between two hops away cluster-head and using directional antenna is brought about. Lastly, the simulation shows that the method can reduce the end-to-end delay between two clusters and improve the network throughput.

scholarly journals METRICS FOR PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF SAFETY APPLICATIONS IN VEHICULAR AD HOC NETWORKS

Transport ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saleh Yousefi ◽  
Mahmood Fathy
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Message Exchange ◽  
To Come ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Safety Applications

In the recent years, direct message exchange between vehicles in order to improve the safety of road traffic has been attracting lots of interest in both networking and road safety communities. While travelling on a road, vehicles form an ad hoc network called Vehicular Ad hoc NETwork (VANET) and deploy life safety applications. Evaluating the performance of these applications is primordial for realizing VANETs in real life. Current literature lacks efficient ways to evaluate the performance of safety applications and mostly leverages on classical networking metrics like delay, delivery rate etc. In this paper, we consider both networking and safety concerns simultaneously to come up with more efficient methods. In particular, we first point out the significance of fairness and coverage from safety viewpoint. Then, we introduce two new metrics called beaconing rate and effective range aiming at providing more facilities for safety performance evaluation in VANET s research. Furthermore, realizing special characteristics of safety applications while disseminating beacon messages, we study the way that beacon dissemination protocols affect the performance of safety applications. We then conduct extensive simulation study to show the usefulness of the introduced metrics and derive some insights on the feasibility of driver‐assistant safety applications. Our evaluation also shows that sending the aggregated status of neighbouring vehicles in addition to vehicle's own status, and instead, increasing beacon transmission interval may be invoked in order to assist safety applications in providing satisfactory services to drivers.

A Route Selection Mechanism for Mobility of Node in Mobile Ad Hoc Network

2012 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 520-523
Author(s):  
Hyun Jong Cha ◽  
Jin Mook Kim ◽  
Hwang Bin Ryou
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Movement Direction ◽  
Wired Networks ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks

A mobile ad-hoc network is a method of communication between different nodes (mobile devices) without the use of base stations, which are used in wired networks. In a Mobile ad-hoc network, nodes can play the role of a receiver, sender, or a relay. As movement is flexible in Mobile ad-hoc networks and nodes have limited resources, nodes may join the communication or exit it at any time. Therefore, for Mobile ad-hoc networks, routing techniques - selecting communication routes and maintaining them – is considered important in an environment of constantly changing network topology. To overcome this problem, this paper proposes a reliable routing protocol based on MP-AOMDV, which monitors changes in signal strength not only for GPS signals but reception signals as well. Although MP-AOMDV was researched under the assumption of fixed movement direction and speed, this paper proposes a routing technique that works with changing movement direction or speed of nodes.

scholarly journals Collecting Microplastics in Gardens: Case Study (i) of Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Sobhani ◽  
Yunlong Luo ◽  
Christopher T. Gibson ◽  
Youhong Tang ◽  
Ravi Naidu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Statistical Point ◽  
Image Mapping ◽  
Noise Ratio ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Raman Image ◽  
Selection Of

As an emerging contaminant, microplastic is receiving increasing attention. However, the contamination source is not fully known, and new sources are still being identified. Herewith, we report that microplastics can be found in our gardens, either due to the wrongdoing of leaving plastic bubble wraps to be mixed with mulches or due to the use of plastic landscape fabrics in the mulch bed. In the beginning, they were of large sizes, such as > 5 mm. However, after 7 years in the garden, owing to natural degradation, weathering, or abrasion, microplastics are released. We categorize the plastic fragments into different groups, 5 mm–0.75 mm, 0.75 mm–100 μm, and 100–0.8 μm, using filters such as kitchenware, meaning we can collect microplastics in our gardens by ourselves. We then characterized the plastics using Raman image mapping and a logic-based algorithm to increase the signal-to-noise ratio and the image certainty. This is because the signal-to-noise ratio from a single Raman spectrum, or even from an individual peak, is significantly less than that from a spectrum matrix of Raman mapping (such as 1 vs. 50 × 50) that contains 2,500 spectra, from the statistical point of view. From the 10 g soil we sampled, we could detect the microplastics, including large (5 mm–100 μm) fragments and small (<100 μm) ones, suggesting the degradation fate of plastics in the gardens. Overall, these results warn us that we must be careful when we do gardening, including selection of plastic items for gardens.

scholarly journals Enhancing Reactive Ad Hoc Routing Protocols with Trust

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Yelena Trofimova ◽  
Pavel Tvrdík
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Ad Hoc Routing ◽  
Trust Mechanism ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Hoc Networks

In wireless ad hoc networks, security and communication challenges are frequently addressed by deploying a trust mechanism. A number of approaches for evaluating trust of ad hoc network nodes have been proposed, including the one that uses neural networks. We proposed to use packet delivery ratios as input to the neural network. In this article, we present a new method, called TARA (Trust-Aware Reactive Ad Hoc routing), to incorporate node trusts into reactive ad hoc routing protocols. The novelty of the TARA method is that it does not require changes to the routing protocol itself. Instead, it influences the routing choice from outside by delaying the route request messages of untrusted nodes. The performance of the method was evaluated on the use case of sensor nodes sending data to a sink node. The experiments showed that the method improves the packet delivery ratio in the network by about 70%. Performance analysis of the TARA method provided recommendations for its application in a particular ad hoc network.

scholarly journals The Use of Bluetooth Standard for Communication Between Vehicles Under Traffic

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-82
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Kasprzyk ◽  
Mariusz Rychlicki
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
Radio Communications ◽  
Audio Data ◽  
Close Range ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Voice Data

Abstract Bluetooth is a type of wireless communication used to transmit voice and data at high speeds using radio waves. It is a standard protocol for short-range radio communications between many different types of devices, including mobile phones, computers and other electronics [1]. The use of this type of data transmission standard for voice communications at close range in the vehicle is commonly known. The trend of integrating new services in vehicles increases rapidly and Bluetooth is one of the emerging communication technologies for realizing ad-hoc networks. The paper presents the possibility of using Bluetooth to build ad-hoc network suitable for the transmission of sound, in particular voice data using the modulation GSFK. We analyzed the features or problems that Bluetooth offers for transmitting audio data in an ad-hoc network. Some initial results of simulations and real-life tests give an impression of the performance and efficiency this standard for the transmission of voice data in an ad-hoc networks [2].

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