scholarly journals Abundance of Gut Microbiota, Concentration of Short-Chain Fatty Acids, and Inflammatory Markers Associated with Elevated Body Fat, Overweight, and Obesity in Female Adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valter Paulo Neves Miranda ◽  
Paulo Roberto dos Santos Amorim ◽  
Ronaldo Rocha Bastos ◽  
Eliane Rodrigues de Faria ◽  
Maria Eliza de Castro Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Visceral Adiposity ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Hs Crp

Background and Aims. Overweight is ever more prevalent in the pediatric population, and this cardiometabolic factor can be associated with inflammatory markers, gut microbiota composition, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations. The aim of this study is to evaluate to what extent the abundance of gut microbiota phyla, SCFA concentrations, and inflammatory markers are associated with elevated body fat percentage (BF%), overweight, and obesity in female adolescents. Methods. An experimental and comparative study was conducted with 96 girls 14 to 19 years old. They were divided into 3 groups: G1—eutrophic (EUT) and adequate BF%; G2—EUT and high BF%; and G3—overweight (OW) or obese (OB) and high BF%. Waist circumference (WC), waist to height ratio (WtHR), and neck circumference (NC) were analyzed as indicators of central visceral adiposity. The BF% was evaluated by DEXA equipment. A food frequency questionnaire was used to evaluate the main types of food consumed in a week. The abundance of the Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria phyla was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and the SFCA concentrations (acetic, butyric, and propionic) were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The inflammatory markers leptin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were assessed. Results. Female adolescents in groups G2 and G3 had greater central visceral adiposity and leptin concentration than those in group G1. No association was found between gut microbiota phyla abundance and SFCA concentrations in any of the groups. WC and frequency of consumption of oily and fatty foods were associated with Firmicutes abundance and SFCA concentrations. Girls with high WC also had the greatest leptin (p<0.001) and hs-CRP (p=0.035) concentrations. Conclusions. Inflammatory markers showed association with increased BMI and high BF% in female adolescents. The abundance of Firmicutes was associated with WC and NC, but not with BMI classification or BF%. Specifically, WC and the consumption of oils and fats showed correlation with SCFA concentrations. Different anthropometric indicators, such as NC and WC, should be incorporated into the clinical evaluation of the nutritional status of individuals in the adolescent population.

scholarly journals Peripheral expression of inflammatory markers in overweight female adolescents and eutrophic female adolescents with a high percentage of body fat

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 464-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisele Queiroz Carvalho ◽  
Patrícia Feliciano Pereira ◽  
Hiara Miguel Stancioli Serrano ◽  
Sylvia do Carmo Castro Franceschini ◽  
Sérgio Oliveira de Paula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Group A ◽  
Overweight Adolescents

The objective of this study was to evaluate the peripheral expression of inflammatory markers in adolescents with different nutritional status and its correlation with parameters of the metabolic syndrome. Seventy-two female postpubescent adolescents were divided into 3 groups: eutrophic (Co), eutrophic with a high body fat percentage (HBF), and overweight (OW). Data related to the parameters of the metabolic syndrome and the peripheral expression of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 were evaluated. Higher values of glycemia and insulin resistance were found in the HBF group than in the Co group. No differences related to the peripheral expression of the cytokines were found among the groups. In the HBF group, a positive correlation was observed between TNF-α and IL-6, IL-10 and the proinflammatory cytokines, and IL-6 and glycemia. In the OW group, a positive correlation was found between IL-6 and triglycerides. Adolescents with normal weight but body fat excess present a metabolic profile and body composition similar to those of overweight adolescents. This suggests that these adolescents have a risk of developing cardiovascular diseases similar to that of overweight adolescents. The positive correlation between IL-10 and TNF-α and IL-6 suggests an attempt to inhibit the production of these cytokines by IL-10.

scholarly journals Body fat percentage in adolescents from Curitiba-PR metropolitan region: reference data using LMS method

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 373-380
Author(s):  
Wagner Luis Ripka ◽  
Eduardo Esmanhoto ◽  
Leandra Ulbricht
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Lms Method

Percentile indicators, aided in its development by biomedical engineering, relative to body fat distribution in adolescents are able to help health professionals in better diagnosing overweight and obesity. The aim of this study was to calculate percentile values to body fat in adolescents aged between 12 and 17 years from the Curitiba-PR and its metropolitan region composed of 29 municipalities, having as reference method the dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) technology. After applying inclusion criteria for the adolescents, anthropometric measures of body fat and stature were taken, as well as evaluation of the body composition through DXA. The statistical analysis was grounded in the presentation of percentilic values developed by Cole and Green’s LMS method, where L stands for the skewness curve, M for the mean curve and S for the variance curve. In total, 390 boys were evaluated. The fat percentage values tend to show a decrease between the ages of 12 (22.8±5.1%) and 16 years (17.9±2.9%). Moreover, for the superior percentiles: 90th and 97th re-start to increase at the age of 17 after showing a decrease in the previous years. The L, M and S parameters, altogether with the percentiles created to evaluate body fat are interesting tools to tendency and evolution analyses, as well as to enable inferences to be made about the body composition of adolescents.

scholarly journals Comparison of predicted body fat percentage from anthropometric methods and from impedance in university students

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 827-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Arroyo ◽  
Ana M. Rocandio ◽  
Laura Ansotegui ◽  
Hector Herrera ◽  
Itziar Salces ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage

The objective of the present study was to compare different methods for evaluating body fat percentage (BF%) (anthropometric methods and bioelectrical impedance analysis) in university students. Subjects were 653 healthy students whose mean age, body height, body weight and BMI were 21·1 (SD 2·5) years, 166·0 (SD 8·4) cm, 62·8 (SD 11·0) kg and 22·7 (SD 3·1) kg/m2, respectively. Results showed that BMI is a poor predictor of body fatness since the sensitivity was low in comparison with the reference method (Siri equation). The lowest values of BF% were obtained using the reference method (Siri equation) (21·8 (SD 6·8)%). The two methods with the highest agreement were Siri and Lean (mean difference, −0·5), followed by Brozek (mean difference, −1·4) and Deurenberg (mean difference, −1·5). The largest mean difference for BF% was between Siri and impedance (−4·5). Although the methods and/or equations used in the present study have been commonly utilised to estimate BF% in young adults, the results must be interpreted with caution in the diagnosis and monitoring of overweight and obesity.

scholarly journals L Score as a Novel Anthropometric Measure for Obesity Screening in Adult Individuals: An Exploratory Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (E) ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
Devi Prasad Mohapatra ◽  
Jaya Prakash Sahoo ◽  
Madhusmita Mohanty Mohaptra ◽  
Sitanshu Sekhar Kar ◽  
Sridharan Kalyani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Secondary Objective ◽  
Total Body

BACKGROUND: Obesity is one of today’s most neglected public health problems, affecting every region of the world. Early identification of increased weight gain among the population is paramount to prevent the attendant complications associated with obesity. OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this study was to measure the distribution of L score in the representative population and the secondary objective was to identify an association between L score values and other measures of obesity such as body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, neck circumference (NC), and total body fat percentage. METHODS: This study was conducted in the departments of plastic surgery and endocrinology of a tertiary care institute. The L score (a measure of fullness of the lateral retromalleolar fossa in the lower limb) was assessed in all the participating individuals. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 19.0. p < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant in statistical analysis. RESULTS: Among the 50 participants taken in this study, 24 had L score 0, 15 had score 1, and 11 had score 2. The participants with L score 1 and 2 had higher obesity, higher NC, and more body fat percentage compared to those having score 0. All the participants with L score 2 were overweight and had central obesity. CONCLUSIONS: The L score measure has a potential for simple and rapid screening of at-risk population for overweight and obesity.

scholarly journals Overweight BMI (25–29) in Active Duty Military: Excess Fat or More Lean Mass? A Look at the Evidence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip G Clerc ◽  
Stéphanie B Mayer ◽  
Sky Graybill
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Active Duty ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Service Members ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Obesity Epidemic

ABSTRACT Many active duty service members and their health care providers feel that the current body mass index (BMI) standard for diagnosing obesity, BMI ≥30 kg/m2, may unfairly overclassify as obese those with higher muscle mass. Unfortunately, a closer look at the data available for service members repeatedly demonstrates the exact opposite: we are actually underestimating the rates of obesity in service members using current BMI cutoffs when compared with body fat mass as measured by either dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry or bioelectrical impedance analysis as the gold standard. Using a lower BMI threshold and refining positive results via history, exam, labs, and/or more specific measurements of body composition would more accurately estimate body fat percentage in active duty service members while remaining convenient and scalable. Given the current obesity epidemic in our nation, this suggests the critical need for new approaches to screening, as well as treatment, of overweight and obesity in our military to improve service readiness.

scholarly journals Association of Lifestyle and Body Composition on Risk Factors of Cardiometabolic Diseases and Biomarkers in Female Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valter Paulo Neves Miranda ◽  
Paulo Roberto dos Santos Amorim ◽  
Ronaldo Rocha Bastos ◽  
Karina Lúcia Ribeiro Canabrava ◽  
Márcio Vidigal Miranda Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease ◽  
Hs Crp

Background. Female adolescents are considered a risk group for cardiometabolic disease due to their lifestyle (LS). Objective. To evaluate the association between LS classes and body composition groups with cardiometabolic disease risk factors and pro- and anti-inflammatory biomarkers in female adolescents. Methods. This cross-sectional study was carried out with female adolescents aged 14 to 19 years, from Viçosa-MG, Brazil. Latent class analysis assessed LS classes. Kinanthropometric measurements were taken together with the body fat percentage (BF%), being analyzed by the Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) equipment. Blood pressure and biochemical parameters were analyzed in the Health Division of the Federal University of Viçosa. The pro- and anti-inflammatory biomarkers were analyzed using Luminex technology. Associations with biomarkers were estimated by multiple linear regression. Results. 405 female adolescents were evaluated. The majority, 82.57%, 72.90%, and 65.31%, were classified as inactive by the number of steps, with high screen and cell phone time, respectively. Furthermore, 41.55% did meet the minimum of 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and 54.69% had high values of BF% (DEXA). The “Sedentary & Inactive LS” class together with the high levels of weight and BF% were associated with increased levels of blood pressure, lipid profile, and uric acid. It was also found that “Inactive & Sedentary LS”, high BF%, insulin resistance, and ultra-sensitive C-reactive protein were associated with the concentrations of proinflammatory biomarkers of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and leptin. Conclusion. We concluded that female adolescents with overweight/obese and high BF% presented higher values of anthropometric indicators, levels of blood pressure, concentration of uric acid and hs-CRP, and lower concentration of HDL. Inactive and Sedentary lifestyle of these girls, along with excess body fat, insulin resistance, and higher concentrations of hs-CRP were associated with the higher concentration proinflammatory markers.

Validation of predictive equations against DXA for estimation of body fat composition in Vietnamese children

MedPharmRes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Thanh V. Kim ◽  
Tam M. Do ◽  
Thanh T.K. Tran ◽  
Xuan M. Ngo ◽  
Hong K. Tang
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Urban District ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Childhood overweight and obesity are becoming more pronounced in Vietnam, so an assessment tool of high efficiency in the community is warranted. This study sought to validate skinfold thickness (SFT) equations for estimation of body fatness by Goran and Slaughter against DXA to aid in assessing obesity. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 144 healthy children (ages 6-17) who were conveniently sampled from schools within an urban district. Their anthropometric measurements (height, weight, and SFT) and DXA whole-body results were taken to record body fat percentage (BF%). Bland-Altman analysis and correlation between bias and body fat were employed to understand the agreement between results from each equation and DXA whole body. Result: BF% was 32.2 ± 7.6% (mean ± SD). 52.8% of the children were overweight or obese. Bland-Altman plots showed that all four SFT equations had wide limits of agreement (LOAs) and largely underestimated the reference BF% by up to 8.90%. Goran equation predicted better when BF% decreased, whereas Slaughter equations produced less bias when there was more body fat. Conclusion: The prevalence rate of overweight and obesity has become alarming. Besides, Goran and Slaughter equations cannot be used as alternatives for DXA scanning to measure body fat due to their underestimation.

scholarly journals Somatic maturation and body composition in female healthy adolescents with or without adjustment for body fat

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valter Paulo N. Miranda ◽  
Franciane Rocha de Faria ◽  
Eliane Rodrigues de Faria ◽  
Silvia Eloiza Priore
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Peak Height Velocity

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between the stages of somatic maturation and body composition in eutrophic female adolescents with or without excessive body fat. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 118 female adolescents, from 14 to 19 years-old, in Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil. The adolescents were divided in two groups: Group 1 (G1), eutrophic with adequate body fat percentage, and Group 2 (G2), eutrophic with high body fat percentage. The somatic maturation was assessed by the formula for estimating the Peak Height Velocity (PHV). Results: The PHV had higher average score in G1 adolescents compared to G2 (0.26 versus 0.05; p=0.032). There was an association between G1, G2 and the somatic maturation (p=0.049). The female adolescents before and during PHV presented higher values of fat body BMI (p=0.034) and percentage of central fat (p=0.039) compared to the adolescents after PHV. There was a correspondence between before PHV stage and the excess of body fat (α=0.751). Conclusions: There was an association between somatic maturation and body composition in eutrophic female adolescents. Length, BMI and fat percentage were different among the somatic maturation stages. It is relevant to evaluate the somatic maturation and the changes occurring in the body composition during adolescence in order to better evaluate and manage the nutritional status and the body fat excess.

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