scholarly journals The Influence of FTO Polymorphism rs9939609 on Obesity, Some Clinical Features, and Disturbance of Carbohydrate Metabolism in Patients with Psoriasis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Tupikowska-Marzec ◽  
Katarzyna Kolačkov ◽  
Aleksandra Zdrojowy-Wełna ◽  
Natalia K. Słoka ◽  
Jacek C. Szepietowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Risk Allele ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Rs9939609 Variant ◽  
Lower Silesia ◽  
Variant Identification

Background. Psoriasis is often accompanied by obesity, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome as risk factors of cardiovascular conditions and premature mortality. Objective. The study was aimed at investigating whether psoriatic patients, who carry risk allele of obesity-related FTO gene, are more predisposed to obesity and metabolic disturbances and whether it influences the severity of psoriasis. Methods. 197 patients with psoriasis, representing Lower Silesia region of Poland, underwent physical examination and anthropometric measurements. Blood samples for biochemical and genetic analysis were collected. All patients were genotyped for FTO gene rs9939609 variant. Identification of SNP was conducted with the use of minisequencing method. Results. Around 63% of patients were carriers of at least one risk allele A and 20% were AA homozygotes. The A allele was associated with increased BMI and hip and waist circumferences. The carriers of risk allele had increased PASI and CRP values and tended to have an increased insulin concentration. Conclusion. Psoriatic patients, carriers of risk allele of FTO gene rs9939609, have an increased risk for more severe psoriasis and obesity and may develop obesity-induced insulin resistance.

scholarly journals Is Vitamin D Deficiency Related to Increased Cancer Risk in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6444
Author(s):  
Anna Gabryanczyk ◽  
Sylwia Klimczak ◽  
Izabela Szymczak-Pajor ◽  
Agnieszka Śliwińska
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Increased Risk

There is mounting evidence that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is related with increased risk for the development of cancer. Apart from shared common risk factors typical for both diseases, diabetes driven factors including hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and low grade chronic inflammation are of great importance. Recently, vitamin D deficiency was reported to be associated with the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, including T2DM and cancer. However, little is known whether vitamin D deficiency may be responsible for elevated cancer risk development in T2DM patients. Therefore, the aim of the current review is to identify the molecular mechanisms by which vitamin D deficiency may contribute to cancer development in T2DM patients. Vitamin D via alleviation of insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, oxidative stress and inflammation reduces diabetes driven cancer risk factors. Moreover, vitamin D strengthens the DNA repair process, and regulates apoptosis and autophagy of cancer cells as well as signaling pathways involved in tumorigenesis i.e., tumor growth factor β (TGFβ), insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and Wnt-β-Cathenin. It should also be underlined that many types of cancer cells present alterations in vitamin D metabolism and action as a result of Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) and CYP27B1 expression dysregulation. Although, numerous studies revealed that adequate vitamin D concentration prevents or delays T2DM and cancer development, little is known how the vitamin affects cancer risk among T2DM patients. There is a pressing need for randomized clinical trials to clarify whether vitamin D deficiency may be a factor responsible for increased risk of cancer in T2DM patients, and whether the use of the vitamin by patients with diabetes and cancer may improve cancer prognosis and metabolic control of diabetes.

scholarly journals Influence of methyltestosterone postmenopausal therapy on plasma lipids, inflammatory factors, glucose metabolism and visceral fat: a randomized study

2006 ◽  
Vol 154 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenora M Camarate S M Leão ◽  
Mônica Peres C Duarte ◽  
Dalva Margareth B Silva ◽  
Paulo Roberto V Bahia ◽  
Cláudia Medina Coeli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: There has been a growing interest in treating postmenopausal women with androgens. However, hyperandrogenemia in females has been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Objective: We aimed to assess the effects of androgen replacement on cardiovascular risk factors. Design: Thirty-seven postmenopausal women aged 42–62 years that had undergone hysterectomy were prospectively enrolled in a double-blind protocol to receive, for 12 months, percutaneous estradiol (E2) (1 mg/day) combined with either methyltestosterone (MT) (1.25 mg/day) or placebo. Methods: Along with treatment, we evaluated serum E2, testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), free androgen index, lipids, fibrinogen, and C-reactive protein; glucose tolerance; insulin resistance; blood pressure; body-mass index; and visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat mass as assessed by computed tomography. Results: A significant reduction in SHBG (P < 0.001) and increase in free testosterone index (P < 0.05; Repeated measures analysis of variance) were seen in the MT group. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, fibrinogen, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly lowered to a similar extent by both regimens, but high-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased only in the androgen group. MT-treated women showed a modest rise in body weight and gained visceral fat mass relative to the other group (P < 0.05), but there were no significant detrimental effects on fasting insulin levels and insulin resistance. Conclusion: This study suggests that the combination of low-dose oral MT and percutaneous E2, for 1 year, does not result in expressive increase of cardiovascular risk factors. This regimen can be recommended for symptomatic postmenopausal women, although it seems prudent to perform baseline and follow-up lipid profile and assessment of body composition, especially in those at high risk of cardiovascular disease.

Cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. S4-S8
Author(s):  
Erland Erdmann
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Increased Risk

Diabetes is a common risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Coronary heart disease and left ventricular dysfunction are more common in diabetic patients than in non-diabetic patients, and diabetic patients benefit less from revascularisation procedures. This increased risk can only partly be explained by the adverse effects of diabetes on established risk factors; hence, a substantial part of the excess risk must be attributable to direct effects of hyperglycaemia and diabetes. In type 2 diabetes, hyperinsulinaemia, insulin resistance and hyperglycaemia have a number of potential adverse effects, including effects on endothelial function and coagulation. Risk factor modification has been shown to reduce the occurrence of cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes; indeed, diabetic patients appear to benefit more in absolute terms than non-diabetic patients. There is thus a strong case for intensive treatment of risk factors, including insulin resistance and hyperglycaemia, in patients with type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals High BMI and Insulin Resistance Are Risk Factors for Spontaneous Abortion in Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Undergoing Assisted Reproductive Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Fei Sun ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Yue-Ming Xu ◽  
Zi-Yu Cao ◽  
Yi-Zhuo Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Spontaneous Abortion ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Abortion Rate ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Treatment ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Bmi

BackgroundThe risk of spontaneous abortion in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) undergoing assisted reproductive treatment (ART) is higher than that in patients without PCOS, however, no definitive risk factors have been confirmed to associate with the high spontaneous abortion rate in PCOS patients undergoing ART. This study was performed to assess the impact of relevant risk factors on spontaneous abortion in patients with PCOS. Clinical questions were formulated and organized according to the PICOS principle.MethodsA systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted on all published studies on PCOS and spontaneous abortion in Embase, PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library. Related risk factors included body mass index (BMI), age, insulin resistance (IR), hyperandrogenism, and chromosome aberrations. All patients were diagnosed as PCOS using the Rotterdam criteria. The primary endpoint was miscarriage and live birth rate. Fixed-effect models were used to analyze homogeneous data, and subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed on heterogeneous data. The source of heterogeneity was evaluated, and the random effect model was used to summarize the heterogeneity.ResultsAmong 1836 retrieved articles, 22 were eligible and included in the analysis with 11182 patients. High BMI (OR = 1.48, 95% CI [1.32, 1.67], MD = 1.35, 95% CI [0.58,2.12]) and insulin resistance (MD = 0.32, 95% CI [0.15, 0.49]) were associated with an increased risk of spontaneous abortion in PCOS patients undergoing ART. Older age (OR = 0.29, 95% CI [0.29, 0.44], MD = 2.01, 95% CI [0.04, 4.18]), embryonic chromosomal aberrations (OR = 0.75, 95%CI [0.31,1.77]), and hyperandrogenism (MD = 0.10, 95% CI [- 0.02, 0.22]) were not associated with the high spontaneous abortion rate in patients with PCOS. A subgroup analysis of BMI showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the effect between overweight and obesity on spontaneous abortion in PCOS patients undergoing ART (OR = 1.34, 95% [0.97, 1.85]).ConclusionHigh BMI and insulin resistance are two risk factors for an increased risk of spontaneous abortion in PCOS patients undergoing ART, and losing weight and mitigating insulin resistance may decrease the spontaneous abortion rate in these patients undergoing ART.

scholarly journals Influence of 5-HT2C receptor and leptin gene polymorphisms, smoking and drug treatment on metabolic disturbances in patients with schizophrenia

2008 ◽  
Vol 192 (6) ◽  
pp. 424-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga O. Yevtushenko ◽  
Stephen J. Cooper ◽  
Ryan O'Neill ◽  
Jennifer K. Doherty ◽  
Jayne V. Woodside ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Genetic Polymorphisms ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Antipsychotic Drugs ◽  
Genetic Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Genotype Combination ◽  
Increased Risk

BackgroundObesity and metabolic syndrome are significant problems for patients taking antipsychotic drugs. Evidence is emerging of genetic risk factors.AimsTo investigate the influence of two candidate genes, smoking and drug treatment on obesity and metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia.MethodPatients (n=134) were assessed for measures of obesity, other factors contributing to metabolic syndrome, and two genetic polymorphisms (5-HT2C receptor −759C/T and leptin −2548A/G).ResultsNeither genotype nor smoking was significantly associated with measures of obesity. However, both leptin genotype and smoking were significantly associated with metabolic syndrome. Significant interaction occurred between the genetic polymorphisms for effects on obesity, whereby a genotype combination increased risk. Drug treatment showed significant effects on measures of obesity and triglyceride concentrations; risperidone was associated with lower values than olanzapine or clozapine.ConclusionsThe findings suggest interacting genetic risk factors and smoking influence development of metabolic syndrome in patients on antipsychotic drugs.

scholarly journals Metabolic syndrome risk factors are associated with white rice intake in Korean adolescent girls and boys

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
SuJin Song ◽  
Hee Young Paik ◽  
Won O. Song ◽  
YoonJu Song
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Carbohydrate Intake ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
White Rice ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk

In the present study, we examined the associations of total carbohydrate intake, dietary glycaemic load (DGL) and white rice intake with metabolic syndrome risk factors by sex in Korean adolescents. For the present cross-sectional study, data from the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007–9) were used. A total of 2209 adolescents (n 1164 boys and n 1045 girls) aged 10–18 years with complete anthropometric, biochemical and dietary intake data were included in the study. Dietary intake data were obtained using the 24 h recall method, and total carbohydrate intake, DGL and white rice intake were divided into quartiles by sex. The metabolic syndrome and its risk factors were defined using the International Diabetes Federation criteria for children and adolescents. Fasting insulin levels and insulin resistance were included as the metabolic syndrome risk factors. All statistical analyses considered the complex sampling design effect and appropriate sampling weights. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to estimate means with their standard errors of the mean for the metabolic syndrome risk factors across the quartiles of total carbohydrate intake, DGL and white rice intake. While high DGL was significantly associated with increased fasting glucose levels in boys, high total carbohydrate intake, DGL and white rice intake were consistently associated with reduced HDL-cholesterol levels in girls. High white rice intake was significantly associated with an increased risk of insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome in girls but not in boys. Optimising dietary carbohydrate intake with respect to the source or amount is fundamental to preventing and managing metabolic diseases in Asian adolescents.

scholarly journals Inflammation and Insulin Resistance as Risk Factors and Potential Therapeutic Targets for Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angeles Vinuesa ◽  
Carlos Pomilio ◽  
Amal Gregosa ◽  
Melisa Bentivegna ◽  
Jessica Presa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Overnutrition and modern diets containing high proportions of saturated fat are among the major factors contributing to a low-grade state of inflammation, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. In the last decades, the global rise of type 2 diabetes and obesity prevalence has elicited a great interest in understanding how changes in metabolic function lead to an increased risk for premature brain aging and the development of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Cognitive impairment and decreased neurogenic capacity could be a consequence of metabolic disturbances. In these scenarios, the interplay between inflammation and insulin resistance could represent a potential therapeutic target to prevent or ameliorate neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. The present review aims to provide an update on the impact of metabolic stress pathways on AD with a focus on inflammation and insulin resistance as risk factors and therapeutic targets.

scholarly journals Gonadotropins and Their Association with the Risk of Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes in Middle-Aged Postmenopausal Women

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Stefanska ◽  
Paulina Cembrowska ◽  
Justyna Kubacka ◽  
Magdalena Kuligowska –Prusinska ◽  
Grazyna Sypniewska
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Group 1 ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

Recent studies have suggested that a low concentration of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is associated with a higher prevalence of metabolic disturbances in postmenopausal women. In this study, we aim to evaluate the association between FSH, luteinizing hormone (LH), and LH/FSH ratio values and the risk of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR >2.0), prediabetes (IFG), and type 2 diabetes in a 5-year prospective study in postmenopausal women. 114 postmenopausal women were divided into 4 groups: group 1 (baseline and follow-up normoglycemic women), group 2 (normoglycemic women at baseline progressing to IFG), group 3 (women with baseline and follow-up IFG), and group 4 (women with baseline IFG progressing to diabetes). Baseline and follow-up anthropometric measurements and blood collections were performed. Serum/plasma was assayed for glucose, HDL-C, TG, C-reactive protein (CRP), 17beta-estradiol, estrone, insulin, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), FSH, and LH. Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and LH/FSH ratios were calculated. The baseline concentrations of FSH and LH statistically decreased across all four groups (the highest concentrations in group 1 and the lowest in group 4; p<0.001). A logistic regression analysis showed that a 1 SD decrease in the z-score of FSH concentration is associated with a threefold increased risk of IFG and a fivefold increased risk of HOMA-IR of >2.0 and diabetes. The LH concentration had odds ratio (OR) values about two times lower than the FSH concentration. The ORs of the LH/FSH ratio were only significant for IFG. In conclusion, FSH concentration is strongly associated with insulin resistance, prediabetes, and diabetes in postmenopausal women with normal or impaired fasting glucose. LH and the LH/FSH ratio are also related to metabolic disturbances after menopause, yet to a lesser extent.

scholarly journals The counterintuitive role of exercise in the prevention and cause of atrial fibrillation

2020 ◽  
Vol 319 (5) ◽  
pp. H1051-H1058
Author(s):  
Benjamin J. R. Buckley ◽  
Gregory Y. H. Lip ◽  
Dick H. J. Thijssen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Increased Risk

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia, characterized by irregular atrial activity. AF is related to increased risk of thromboembolic events, heart failure, and premature mortality. Recent advances in our understanding of its pathophysiology include a potentially central role for inflammation and presence of cardiovascular risk factors. The role of physical activity and exercise in the development and progression of AF, however, are not yet fully understood. Physical activity is protective for modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, including those associated with AF. Indeed, emerging research has demonstrated beneficial effects of exercise on AF-specific outcomes, including AF recurrence postablation. Counterintuitively, the prevalence of AF in veteran endurance athletes seems higher compared with the general population. In this review, we discuss the novel evidence and underlying mechanisms underpinning the role of exercise as medicine in the development and management of AF but also the counterintuitive detrimental role of excessive endurance exercise. Finally, we advocate regular (but not long-term high-intensity endurance) exercise training as a safe and effective strategy to reduce the risk of incident AF and to minimize the associated risk of secondary cardiovascular events.

scholarly journals Deletion of Shp2 Tyrosine Phosphatase in Muscle Leads to Dilated Cardiomyopathy, Insulin Resistance, and Premature Death

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 378-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederic Princen ◽  
Emilie Bard ◽  
Farah Sheikh ◽  
Sharon S. Zhang ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Dilated Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Tyrosine Phosphatase ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances

ABSTRACT The intracellular signaling mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of cardiac diseases are not fully understood. We report here that selective deletion of Shp2, an SH2-containing cytoplasmic tyrosine phosphatase, in striated muscle results in severe dilated cardiomyopathy in mice, leading to heart failure and premature mortality. Development of cardiomyopathy in this mouse model is coupled with insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and impaired glucose uptake in striated muscle cells. Shp2 deficiency leads to upregulation of leukemia inhibitory factor-stimulated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt, Erk5, and Stat3 pathways in cardiomyocytes. Insulin resistance and impaired glucose uptake in Shp2-deficient mice are at least in part due to impaired protein kinase C-ζ/λ and AMP-kinase activities in striated muscle. Thus, we have generated a mouse line modeling human patients suffering from cardiomyopathy and insulin resistance. This study reinforces a concept that a compound disease with multiple cardiovascular and metabolic disturbances can be caused by a defect in a single molecule such as Shp2, which modulates multiple signaling pathways initiated by cytokines and hormones.

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