scholarly journals Contribution of Computed Tomography Scan to the Diagnosis of Spinal Tuberculosis in 14 Cases in Assaba, Mauritania

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Boushab Mohamed Boushab ◽  
Noukhoum Kone ◽  
Leonardo K. Basco
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Spinal Tuberculosis ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Disc Disease ◽  
Osteoarticular Tuberculosis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Clinical Records

Background. The incidence of tuberculosis has increased in recent years in both developed and developing countries. Objective. This retrospective study aimed to review all cases of spinal tuberculosis diagnosed at the Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases in Kiffa Regional Hospital and assess the role of computed tomography (CT) scan in establishing definite diagnosis. Patients and Methods. Data were collected from clinical records of patients admitted to the hospital for rachialgia between August 2016 and July 2018. Results. Fourteen (12.2%) adults with spinal tuberculosis were found among 115 patients with all forms of tuberculosis during the study period. The mean (± standard deviation) age of our patients was 47.5 ± 22.0 years old with male:female (8/6) sex ratio of 1.3. The mean duration of evolution of the disease was 15 months. The presenting signs and symptoms included rachialgia in most patients (93%), associated with segmental spinal stiffness (50%) and/or neurological complications (50%). Diagnosis was established on the basis of clinical history, clinical examination, standard vertebral column radiography, and CT scan. Vertebral imaging showed a clear predominance of lumbar lesions (57%), followed by dorsal (36%) and cervical (7%) involvement. The evolution under treatment was favorable, with the exception of two cases of medullary compression. Conclusion. Spinal tuberculosis is the most common form of osteoarticular tuberculosis. It affects predominantly lumbar and dorsal vertebrae. In the absence of histological confirmation, the presence of back pain associated with major radiological signs of spondylosis disc disease seems to justify the use of CT scan to confirm the diagnosis of this pathology.

scholarly journals A rare case of right-sided varicocele in right renal tumor in the absence of venous thrombosis and IVC compression

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyabrata Adhikari ◽  
Siddalingeshwar I. Neeli ◽  
Shyam Mohan
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Renal Vein ◽  
Renal Tumor ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Spermatic Vein ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
Rare Presentation ◽  
Grade 3

Abstract Background The presence of unilateral right-sided varicocele hints at a serious retroperitoneal disease such as renal cell neoplasm. Such tumors are usually associated with a thrombus in renal vein or spermatic vein. We report a rare presentation of right-sided renal tumor causing right-sided varicocele in the absence of thrombus in renal vein and spermatic vein but due to an anomalous vein draining from the tumor into the spermatic vein as demonstrated by computed tomography angiogram. Case presentation A 54-yr-old hypertensive male presented with unilateral grade 3 right-sided varicocele and no other signs and symptoms. Ultrasound examination of his abdomen showed the presence of a mass lesion in the lower pole of right kidney. Computed tomography confirmed the presence of right renal mass, absence of thrombus in right renal vein or inferior vena cava. The angiographic phase of CT scan showed an anomalous vein from the tumor draining into the pampiniform plexus causing varicocele. Conclusion The presence of right-sided varicocele should raise a suspicion hidden serious pathological retroperitoneal condition, renal malignancy in particular, and should prompt the treating physician to carry out imaging studies of the retroperitoneum and careful study of the angiographic phase of the CT scan can ascertain the pathogenesis of the varicocele.

Isolated Inflammatory Sphenoid Sinus Disease: A Revisitation of Computed Tomography Indications based on Presenting Findings

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 627-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young H. An ◽  
Giridhar Venkatraman ◽  
John M. DelGaudio
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Sphenoid Sinus ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Sinus Disease ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Ct Evaluation

Background Isolated inflammatory sphenoid sinus disease (IISSD) can be difficult to diagnose. Frequently, history and physical are inadequate in establishing a diagnosis. Computed tomography (CT) is an excellent screening tool; however, it often is obtained late in the disease process because of vague symptoms at presentation. Identifying the most common presenting symptoms of IISSD may allow earlier detection and avoidance of more severe sequelae by determining earlier indications for CT. Presently, headache is not an indication for sinus CT. Methods A retrospective chart review of IISSD presentation was performed at our institution. A literature review was performed also to quantitatively document trends in presentation of IISSD, including characterization of headache symptoms by location. Cumulative findings were then compared with current CT indications to determine if presentation patterns warrant a change in indications for CT. Results A total of 361 cases were evaluated by our inclusion criteria. Headache was the most common finding (81.7%), particularly peri/retro-orbital, vertex, and frontal headache. Ocular changes (17.5%) and cranial nerve involvement (16.1%) were common also, but headache frequently was a solitary finding (42.6%). Twenty-six IISSD cases were reviewed at our institution over 7 years, with similar results. Under current guidelines, the only IISSD findings that are indications for CT scan are the ophthalmologic and neurological complications. Conclusion Not every headache necessitates a CT scan. However, the deep-seated vertex, frontal, and, particularly, peri/ retro-orbital headaches, especially when aggravated by head movement and refractory to analgesics, as is often seen in IISSD, should be an indication for CT evaluation. (American Journal of Rhinology 19, 627–632, 2005)

scholarly journals Application of Computed Tomography (CT) Attenuation Values in Diagnosis of Transudate and Exudate in Patients with Pleural Effusion

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Keshab Sharma ◽  
PS Lamichhane ◽  
BK Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Pleural Fluid ◽  
Pleural Effusions ◽  
Hounsfield Units ◽  
Fluid Analysis ◽  
Ct Attenuation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Attenuation Values

Background: Pleural effusion is the pathologic accumulation of fluid in the pleural space. The fluid analysis yields important diagnostic information, and in certain cases, fluid analysis alone is enough for diagnosis. Analysis of pleural fluid by thoracentesis with imaging guidance helps to determine the cause of pleural effusion. The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of computed tomography (CT) in characterizing pleural fluid based on attenuation values and CT appearance. Materials and Methods: This prospective study included 100 patients admitted to Gandaki Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal between January 1, 2017 and February 28, 2018. Patients who were diagnosed with pleural effusion and had a chest CT followed by diagnostic thoracentesis within 48 hours were included in the study. Effusions were classified as exudates or transudates using laboratory biochemistry markers on the basis of Light’s criteria. The mean attenuation values of the pleural effusions were measured in Hounsfield units in all patients using a region of interest with the greatest quantity of fluid. Each CT scan was also reviewed for the presence of additional pleural features. Results: According to Light’s criteria, 26 of 100 patients with pleural effusions had transudates, and the remaining patients had exudates. The mean attenuation of the exudates (16.5 ±1.7 HU; 95% CI, range, -33.4 – 44 HU) was significantly higher than the mean attenuation of the transudates (11.6 ±0.57 HU; 95% CI, range, 5 - 16 HU), (P = 0.0001). None of the additional CT features accurately differentiated exudates from transudates (P = 0.70). Fluid loculation was found in 35.13% of exudates and in 19.23% of transudates. Pleural thickening was found in 29.7% of exudates and in 15.3% of transudates. Pleural nodule was found in 10.8% of exudates which all were related to the malignancy. Conclusion: CT attenuation values may be useful in differentiating exudates from transudates. Exudates had significantly higher Hounsfield units in CT scan. Additional signs, such as fluid loculation, pleural thickness, and pleural nodules were more commonly found in patients with exudative effusions and could be considered and may provide further information for the differentiation.

scholarly journals A STUDY ON CLINICO- RADIOLOGICAL PRESENTATION OF STROKE AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH OUTCOME

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Arindam Nag ◽  
Dr. Sourav Nag ◽  
Dr Suraj Mondal ◽  
Dr Yashpal Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Glasgow Coma Scale ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Cerebrovascular Accident ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Modified Rankin Scale ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean

BACKGROUND:  Cerebrovascular diseases include some of the most common and devastating disorders: ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, and cerebrovascular anomalies such as intracranial aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations. A stroke, or cerebrovascular accident, is defined by this abrupt onset of a neurologic deficit that is attributable to a focal vascular cause. Thus, the definition of stroke is clinical, and laboratory studies including brain imaging are used to support the diagnosis. AIMS:  1.To correlate clincoradiological findings in terms of prognosis, 2. To know different types of stroke along with its area of involvement and vascular distribution and its relation with outcome, 3. Role of CT SCAN brain as an early diagnostic modality to say clinical outcome. METHODS: This descriptive epidemiological study with a cross sectional study design is to be conducted in the department of medicine (indoor), R.G.KAR Medical College and Hospital. 1st June 2017 to 31st may 2018. 100 cases to be selected during study period based on following criteria. Detailed clinical history, clinical examinations with Radiological imaging like computed tomography of brain is done. We use scoring system like Intracerebral haemorrhage score, Glasgow coma scale, Modified rankin scale. Based on clinical examination proforma all the study population had been examined including recording of blood pressure and Glasgow coma score at the time of admission. Analysed by Modified Rankin scale till the 5th day post-hospital admission after stroke. RESULT: Among the total 100 study population 59 cases were of Infarction and 41 cases were of Haemorrhagic type of stroke. Within the 59 Cases of Infarction 39 (i.e. 66%) were male cases and 20 (i.e 34%) were female cases. Within the 41 cases of Haemorrhage 29 (i.e. 71%) were male and 12 (i.e. 29%) were female.  The mean age of the study population of Infarction cases was 55.55 years ±12.84 SD. The mean age of the study population of Haemorrhage cases was 57.48years±13.46SD. Infraction cases show increased mortality among the group having systolic blood & diastolic pressure ≥ 180 mm of Hg, ≥ 110 mm of Hg respectively. Hemorrhagic cases show increased mortality among the group having systolic blood pressure, diastolic pressure ≥ 180 mm of Hg, ≥ 110 mm of Hg respectively. CONCLUSION: Incidence of haemorrhage is much higher in India (41% as per our study). The study population between 51- 60 years is most predominant age group in both the types of stroke. Most of the infarction cases presents with unconsciousness followed by slurring of speech.  Most common presenting symptoms of Haemorrhagic stroke are unconsciousness, present at about 56% of cases. The most prominent risk factor in our study population is undetected and/or uncontrolled hypertension.  Study population with SBP ≥180 and/or DBP ≥110 mm of Hg group have increased rate of mortality from stroke. The major type of ischemic stroke in our study population is partial anterior circulation stroke (PACI) 47.4%. Most of the study population having  Infarction has developed severe disability at the end of 5 days of observation, comprising of 40.5% of the total observation. Keywords:  CVA (cerebrovascular accident), CT Scan (computed tomography), MRI (Magnetic resonance imaging), GCS Scale (Glasgow coma scale)

scholarly journals A rare case report of psoas abscess in pregnancy in a tertiary centre

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 272
Author(s):  
Niranjan N. Chavan ◽  
Umme Ammara ◽  
Zaneta Dias ◽  
Manan Boob
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Psoas Abscess ◽  
Spinal Tuberculosis ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Tertiary Centre ◽  
Rare Case Report ◽  
Uncommon Condition ◽  
In Pregnancy

A psoas abscess in pregnancy is a relatively uncommon condition with nonspecific signs and symptoms. It may lead to serious complications if not diagnosed and treated promptly. Although spinal tuberculosis affects nearly half of skeletal tuberculosis patients, psoas abscess develops in only 5% of spinal tuberculosis cases. A clinical history and examination are used to make a diagnosis, which is then confirmed by microbiology and radiological findings. Here is an interesting case report on psoas abscess in pregnancy managed by pigtail catheter insertion and drainage.

scholarly journals Anatomic Variations of the Nose in Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Correlation between Nasal Endoscopic and Computerized Tomography Scan Findings and a Review of Literature

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Priyanko Chakraborty ◽  
Rajiv K Jain ◽  
Purnima Joshi ◽  
Rakhi Kumari ◽  
Sidharth Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
Anatomic Variations ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Computed Tomography Scan ◽  
Diagnostic Endoscopy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tomography Scan

ABSTRACT Background Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) refers to a group of disorders characterized by inflammation of the mucosa of the paranasal sinuses. Nasal endoscopy and computed tomography (CT) scans are successfully used as diagnostic modalities of nose and paranasal sinus diseases. There have been many studies regarding the anatomic variations leading to pathogenesis of paranasal sinus diseases. Considerable progress has been made in the medical and surgical control of these conditions; however, a large number of questions relating to the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of the diseases remain unanswered. Materials and methods The study included 82 clinically diagnosed cases of CRS who underwent CT scan and were advised to undergo diagnostic endoscopy. The anatomical findings of the nose were compared to see correlation between nasal endoscopy and CT scan. Results The mean age (±standard error of the mean) of presentation was 34.11 (±1.42) years, while most patients were from the age group of 18 to 30 years. Males were predominating the study group with 62.2%, while 37.8% were females. The most common anatomic variation was deviated nasal septum with 92.68% CT reported patients. This was followed by inferior turbinate hypertrophy, septal spur, concha bullosa, and agger nasi cells. Conclusion Computed tomography scan is considered the gold standard for sinonasal imaging. Diagnostic endoscopy and CT scan are a must prior to any functional endoscopic sinus surgery. They help in assessing the extent of sinus disease and to know the variations and vital relations of the paranasal sinuses. Computed tomography scan assists the surgeon as a “road map” during endoscopic sinus surgery. How to cite this article Chakraborty P, Jain RK, Joshi P, Kumari R, Pradhan S. Anatomic Variations of the Nose in Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Correlation between Nasal Endoscopic and Computerized Tomography Scan Findings and a Review of Literature. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2016;9(1):13-17.

scholarly journals Revision of failed Latarjet procedure by arthroscopy-assisted Eden-Hybbinette with endobutton fixation

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 2325967120S0000
Author(s):  
Pascal Boileau ◽  
Christophe Duysens ◽  
David Saliken ◽  
Devin B. Lemmex ◽  
Nicolas Bonnevialle
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Bone Graft ◽  
Constant Score ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Fixation Method ◽  
Latarjet Procedure ◽  
Men 2 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ct Scan Analysis

Background: The literature reports recurrent instability after the Latarjet procedure in 1 to 5% of the cases. Therefore, the Eden-Hybbinette technique, which consists of harvesting bone from the iliac crest, has been proposed in case of revision surgery. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic results of a series of patients treated by an all-arthroscopic Eden-Hybbinette technique with endobutton graft fixation. Methods: Seven patients (5 men, 2 women, mean age 30.7 years (17-47)), with recurrent anterior instability after Latarjet procedure, associated with glenoid bone defect of more than 15% were treated by arthroscopic Eden-Hybbinette technique. The bone graft fixed with an endobutton (Bone-LinkTM) was introduced through the rotator cuff interval. Specific guides and a dynamometer were used to fix the graft by compression on the anterior edge of the glenoid cavity. Previous broken screws were left in place in 3 cases. Patients were clinically followed and the position of the graft and its consolidation were evaluated by CT scan. Results: At mean follow-up of 21 months (12-39), 7/6 patients had a stable shoulder and were satisfied with the result. 5/7 resumed their sporting activity. The mean Constant score increased from 32 to 81 points and the Subjective Shoulder Value from 31 to 87% (p > 0.001). The mean Walch-Duplay and Rowe scores were 85.7 points (65-100) and 86.4 points (70-100) respectively. No neurological complications were reported, and no patients required a new procedure. On the CT scan analysis, the graft did not overhang and was sub-equatorial and healed in all cases. Conclusion: The recurrence of instability after a Latarjet graft can be successfully treated by the Eden-Hybbinette technique under arthroscopy. Endobutton fixation is reliable and optimizes the position and consolidation of the bone graft. In addition, this fixation method is an appropriate option in case of broken hardware left in place.

scholarly journals Importance of Computed Tomography in Determining Displacement in Scaphoid Fractures

2017 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 038-042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Gilley ◽  
Sameer Puri ◽  
Krystle Hearns ◽  
Andrew Weiland ◽  
Michelle Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Interobserver Reliability ◽  
Scaphoid Fracture ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Radiographic Evaluation ◽  
Angular Deformity ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Scaphoid Fractures ◽  
The Mean

Background Displaced scaphoid fractures have a relatively high rate of nonunion. Detection of displacement is vital in limiting the risk of nonunion when treating scaphoid fractures. Questions/Purpose We evaluated the ability to diagnose displacement on radiographs and computed tomography (CT), hypothesizing that displacement is underestimated in assessing scaphoid fracture by radiograph compared with CT. Materials and Methods Thirty-five preoperative radiographs and CT scans of acute scaphoid fractures were evaluated by two blinded observers. Displacement and angular deformity were measured, and the fracture was judged as displaced or nondisplaced. Scapholunate, radiolunate, and intrascaphoid angles were measured. Radiograph and CT measurements between nondisplaced and displaced fractures were compared. Intraobserver reliability was measured. Results  Reader 1 identified 12 fractures as nondisplaced on radiograph, but displaced on CT (34%). Reader 2 identified 9 fractures as nondisplaced on radiograph, but displaced on CT (26%). For displaced fractures, the mean intrascaphoid angle was over three times greater when measured on CT than on radiograph (56 vs. 16 degrees). Scapholunate angle >65 degrees and radiolunate angle >16 degrees were significantly associated with displacement on CT. Interobserver reliability for diagnosing displacement was perfect on CT but less reliable on radiograph. Conclusion Scaphoid fracture displacement on CT was identified in 26 to 34% of fractures that were nondisplaced on radiograph, confirming that radiographic evaluation alone underestimates displacement. These results underscore the importance of CT scan in determining displacement and angular deformity when evaluating scaphoid fractures, as it may alter the decision on treatment and surgical approach to the fracture. We recommend considering CT scan to evaluate all scaphoid fractures. Level of Evidence Level III.

scholarly journals Abdominal CT Scan Based Estimation of Splenic Index and Splenic Volume in North Indian Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (33) ◽  
pp. 2749-2753
Author(s):  
Govind Kumar ◽  
Vinod Kumar ◽  
Manisha Kumari ◽  
Himanshu Mishra ◽  
Suruthi T.I.
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Axial Length ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Splenic Volume ◽  
Hematological Disorders ◽  
Background Exposure ◽  
Splenic Index ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Axial View

BACKGROUND Exposure of various tropical infections and infestations like tuberculosis, filariasis, malaria, anemia, kala-azar and poor sanitation are major health concerns in Bihar and it’s neighboring state. Spleen size increases in several other diseases e.g., metabolism or storage disorder, malignancies and hematological disorders. Determining the normal parameters of spleen is essential for assessment of splenomegaly in routine ultrasonography (USG) or in the computed tomography (CT) scan. In this study, we wanted to estimate the CT based measurement of splenic dimensions in various planes, splenic index (linear dimension) and splenic volume and also to estimate the relationship of splenic index and splenic volume with age, gender and other splenic dimensions. METHODS It was a retrospective study and data was collected from January 2019 to December 2019. A total of 154 cases (including both genders) of age range 18 - 60 years were collected from the vitrea system (Vitrea software used for the 3-D assessment of splenic volume) and clinical data was collected from the medical record section. CT scan data of only those patients were included who had the clinical history of pain in abdomen, abdominal trauma or other diseases not affecting the spleen. Various measurements including splenic length and thickness at hilum and maximum thickness in axial view and height (maximum interpolar and true vertical height) in coronal views were recorded. RESULTS 154 cases including both gender and age range of 18 - 60 years were included in our study. There were 60 males and 94 females. The average age of the male and female patients was 45.93 +/- 15.19 years and 45.87 +/- 15.12 years respectively. The mean splenic dimensions were 9.03 +/- 1.49 cm in length (axial view), 3.69 +/- 0.05 cm thickness at hilum (axial view) and 9.05 +/- 2.23 cm maximum craniocaudal length and 7.9 +/- 2.96 cm true vertical length (coronal view). Mean splenic index and mean splenic volume were 340.30 +/- 107.39 cm3 and 227.02 +/- 62.22 cm3 respectively. There was statistically significant correlation between splenic volume and maximum craniocaudal length (r2 = 0.4848, P = 0.001), maximum axial length (r2 = 0.4765, P < 0.001) and true vertical length (r2 = 0.3142, P = 0.001) with 95 % confidence interval. For all splenic measurements, there was stronger correlation with maximum craniocaudal length followed by maximum axial length. However, there was no statistically significant correlation either of splenic volume with age in either gender (r2 = 0.019, P = 0.043) or splenic index with age in either gender present (r2 = 0.016, P = 0.059). CONCLUSIONS Maximum splenic length both in coronal (craniocaudal) and axial sections are positively and strongly correlated with splenic volume and splenic index but age of the individuals doesn’t show any correlation either with the splenic volume or with splenic index. Hence, a regional reference of splenic parameters was established with a slightly different range of values reported previously. KEY WORDS Splenic Volume, Splenic Index, Computed Tomography

scholarly journals Cone-beam computed tomography analysis of degenerative changes, condylar excursions and positioning and possible correlations with temporomandibular disorder signs and symptoms

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. e225442
Author(s):  
Nayara Stefany Leite-de-Lima ◽  
Eduardo Felippe Duailibi-Neto ◽  
Israel Chilvarquer ◽  
João Gualberto Cerqueira Luz
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Temporomandibular Disorders ◽  
Temporomandibular Disorder ◽  
Mouth Opening ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Degenerative Changes ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Clinical Records

Aim: To describe cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) features in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), in terms of degenerative changes, condylar excursions and positioning as well as their possible correlations with signs and symptoms. Methods: Clinical records of patients diagnosed with TMD who were seen between January 2018 and December 2019 were retrospectively evaluated. These patients were divided into the following groups based on the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD): arthralgia, myalgia, and arthralgia and myalgia groups. The CBCT examination findings of the patients were evaluated in relation to degenerative changes, estimates of condylar excursion, and condylar positioning. The likelihood ratio test was used to verify the possible differences among the three groups, whereas the chi-square test was used to verify the possible differences among the signs and symptoms for the tomographic findings (p ≤ 0.050). Results: In this study, 65 patients with TMD were included. These patients were predominantly female (84.6%) with a mean age of 40.6 years. Tomographic findings of flattening, hyperexcursion and posterior condylar positioning were frequent. A significant correlation was noted between osteophyte and lateral capsule pain (p = 0.027), erosion and posterior capsule pain (p = 0.026), and flattening, pseudocysts (p < 0.050) and condylar excursion (p < 0.001) with mouth opening. Conclusion: Few correlations were noted between degenerative changes and signs of joint pain as well as degenerative changes and condylar hypoexcursion with mouth opening. These correlations were likely associated with division by diagnosis, whereas condylar positioning did not correlate with signs and symptoms.

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