scholarly journals Contagion Processes on Time-Varying Networks with Homophily-Driven Group Interactions

Complexity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Ding ◽  
Ping Hu
Keyword(s):  
Simplicial Complex ◽  
Connectivity Pattern ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Interaction Patterns ◽  
Epidemic Threshold ◽  
Group Interactions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Many Body Interactions ◽  
Contagion Process

The complicated interaction patterns among heterogeneous individuals have a profound impact on the contagion process in the networks. In recent years, there has been increasing evidence for the emergence of many-body interactions between two or more nodes in a wide range of biological and social networks. To encode these multinode interactions explicitly, the simplicial complex is now a popular alternative to simple networks. Meanwhile, the time-varying network has been acknowledged as a key ingredient of the contagion process. In this paper, we consider the connectivity pattern of networks affected by the homophily effect associated with individual attributes and investigate the impact of homophily-driven group interactions on the contagion process in temporal networks. The simplicial complex modeling framework is adopted to capture stochastic interactions between passively selected nodes in the paradigm of activity-driven networks. We study the evolution of infection and the epidemic threshold of the contagion process by both analytical and numerical methods. Our results on statistical topological properties of instantaneous network may shed light on accurately characterizing the evolution curve of infection. Furthermore, we show the impact of the homophily-driven interaction pattern on the epidemic threshold, which generalizes the existing results on both the paradigmatic activity-driven network and the simplicial activity-driven network.

scholarly journals The importance of mentorship and collaboration for scientific capacity-building and capacity-sharing: perspectives of African scientists

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Heather E. Burgess ◽  
Joanna Chataway
Keyword(s):  
Capacity Building ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Interaction Patterns ◽  
Capacity Sharing ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Modes Of Interaction ◽  
The Impact

Long-term goals for capacity-building in Africa centres around building a self-sufficient scientific community, however there is a lack of research on the interactions that are needed to make up a thriving academic community or the steps needed to realise such a goal. Through interviews with researchers supported by a capacity-building initiative, we have characterised their interactions with other scientists and the impact that these have on capacity-building. This has revealed a wide range of interactions that have not been captured by traditional bibliometric studies of collaboration and shown that a substantial amount of intra-African collaboration is taking place. This collaboration allowed the researchers to share capacity with their colleagues and this could provide an alternative to, or supplement, traditional North-South capacity-building. We have shown that this capacity-sharing can enable capacity to spill over from capacity-building programmes to the broader scientific community. Furthermore, researchers are deliberately hastening this capacity-sharing through training or mentoring others outside of their capacity-building initiative, including those from more resource-poor groups. To understand how capacity-building initiatives can harness the power of these interactions, we investigated how interactions between researchers originated, and found that collaborations tended to be formed around pre-existing networks, with researchers collaborating with previous colleagues, or contacts formed through their mentors or consortium activities. Capacity-building organisations could capitalise on this through actions such as expanding mentorship schemes but should also ensure that researchers are not limited to pre-established networks but have exposure to a changing and growing pool of expertise. As interactions continue to move online since the appearance of COVID-19 this will present opportunities for new interaction patterns to develop. This study highlights the need to develop new metrics for collaboration that will take into account these new modes of interaction and the full range of interactions that make up a scientific community.

scholarly journals A systematic framework of modelling epidemics on temporal networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rory Humphries ◽  
Kieran Mulchrone ◽  
Jamie Tratalos ◽  
Simon J. More ◽  
Philipp Hövel
Keyword(s):  
Sir Model ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Temporal Networks ◽  
Epidemic Threshold ◽  
Modelling Framework ◽  
Initial Stability ◽  
Increase In Accuracy ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Systematic Framework ◽  
Contagion Process

AbstractWe present a modelling framework for the spreading of epidemics on temporal networks from which both the individual-based and pair-based models can be recovered. The proposed temporal pair-based model that is systematically derived from this framework offers an improvement over existing pair-based models by moving away from edge-centric descriptions while keeping the description concise and relatively simple. For the contagion process, we consider the susceptible–infected–recovered (SIR) model, which is realized on a network with time-varying edges. We show that the shift in perspective from individual-based to pair-based quantities enables exact modelling of Markovian epidemic processes on temporal tree networks. On arbitrary networks, the proposed pair-based model provides a substantial increase in accuracy at a low computational and conceptual cost compared to the individual-based model. From the pair-based model, we analytically find the condition necessary for an epidemic to occur, otherwise known as the epidemic threshold. Due to the fact that the SIR model has only one stable fixed point, which is the global non-infected state, we identify an epidemic by looking at the initial stability of the model.

The Effect of Internal Temperature Gradients on Regenerator Matrix Performance

2006 ◽  
Vol 128 (10) ◽  
pp. 1060-1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Engelbrecht ◽  
G. F. Nellis ◽  
S. A. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Correction Factor ◽  
Temperature Gradients ◽  
Fluid Temperature ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Internal Temperature ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Degradation Factor ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Background. One-dimensional regenerator models treat the solid material as a lumped capacitance with negligible temperature gradients. Advanced regenerator geometries operating at low temperatures or active magnetic regenerators which use a liquid heat transfer fluid may have temperature gradients in the solid regenerator that significantly affect performance. It is advantageous to utilize a one-dimensional, or lumped, model of the regenerator that is coupled with a correction factor in order to account for the impact of the internal temperature gradients. Previous work relative to developing such a correction factor is shown here to be inadequate or only valid over a limited range of dimensionless conditions. Method of Approach. This paper describes a numerical model of a sphere subjected to a time varying fluid temperature (representing a passive process) or time varying internal heat generation induced by a magnetic field (representing an active magnetic process). The governing equations are nondimensionalized and the efficiency of the sphere is presented as a function of the Fourier number and Biot number. Results. An approximate correction (or degradation) factor is obtained based on these results that is valid over a wide range of dimensionless conditions and therefore useful to regenerator designers. The degradation factor correlation was developed for a sinusoidal variation in the fluid temperature, however, the same results can be applied to different functional forms of the time variation using the concept of an effective cycle time that is weighted by the magnitude of the driving temperature difference. Conclusions. The heat transfer degradation factor presented here can be applied to one-dimensional regenerator models in order to accurately account for the transient performance of a matrix with finite thermal conductivity. This degradation factor allows regenerator models to approximately account for internal temperature gradients without explicitly modeling them and therefore remain computationally efficient while improving the range of applicability and accuracy.

THE IMPACT OF LEADERSHIP PRACTICES TO TEAM MEMBERS’ SATISFACTION

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chalimah .
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Leadership Practices ◽  
Hotel Industry ◽  
Leader Behavior ◽  
Team Leader ◽  
Shop Floor ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Top Executives ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

eamwork is becoming increasingly important to wide range of operations. It applies to all levels of the company. It is just as important for top executives as it is to middle management, supervisors and shop floor workers. Poor teamwork at any level or between levels can seriously damage organizational effectiveness. The focus of this paper was therefore to examine whether leadership practices consist of team leader behavior, conflict resolution style and openness in communication significantly influenced the team member’s satisfaction in hotel industry. Result indicates that team leader behavior and the conflict resolution style significantly influenced team member satisfaction. It was surprising that openness in communication did not affect significantly to the team members’ satisfaction.

Stress, anxiety, depression and burnout in frontline health care workers during COVID-19 pandemic: a brief systematic review and new data from Russia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Mosolova ◽  
Dmitry Sosin ◽  
Sergey Mosolov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
The Impact

During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers (HCWs) have been subject to increased workload while also exposed to many psychosocial stressors. In a systematic review we analyze the impact that the pandemic has had on HCWs mental state and associated risk factors. Most studies reported high levels of depression and anxiety among HCWs worldwide, however, due to a wide range of assessment tools, cut-off scores, and number of frontline participants in the studies, results were difficult to compare. Our study is based on two online surveys of 2195 HCWs from different regions of Russia during spring and autumn epidemic outbreaks revealed the rates of anxiety, stress, depression, emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and perceived stress as 32.3%, 31.1%, 45.5%, 74.2%, 37.7% ,67.8%, respectively. Moreover, 2.4% of HCWs reported suicidal thoughts. The most common risk factors include: female gender, nurse as an occupation, younger age, working for over 6 months, chronic diseases, smoking, high working demands, lack of personal protective equipment, low salary, lack of social support, isolation from families, the fear of relatives getting infected. These results demonstrate the need for urgent supportive programs for HCWs fighting COVID-19 that fall into higher risk factors groups.

A MODELING SYSTEM FOR CLIMATE CHANGE RISK ASSESSMENT, MANAGEMENT AND HEDGING IN COASTAL AREAS

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei Soldatenko ◽  
Sergei Soldatenko ◽  
Genrikh Alekseev ◽  
Genrikh Alekseev ◽  
Alexander Danilov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
System Structure ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Risk Modeling ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
The Impact

Every aspect of human operations faces a wide range of risks, some of which can cause serious consequences. By the start of 21st century, mankind has recognized a new class of risks posed by climate change. It is obvious, that the global climate is changing, and will continue to change, in ways that affect the planning and day to day operations of businesses, government agencies and other organizations and institutions. The manifestations of climate change include but not limited to rising sea levels, increasing temperature, flooding, melting polar sea ice, adverse weather events (e.g. heatwaves, drought, and storms) and a rise in related problems (e.g. health and environmental). Assessing and managing climate risks represent one of the most challenging issues of today and for the future. The purpose of the risk modeling system discussed in this paper is to provide a framework and methodology to quantify risks caused by climate change, to facilitate estimates of the impact of climate change on various spheres of human activities and to compare eventual adaptation and risk mitigation strategies. The system integrates both physical climate system and economic models together with knowledge-based subsystem, which can help support proactive risk management. System structure and its main components are considered. Special attention is paid to climate risk assessment, management and hedging in the Arctic coastal areas.

The Management of Post-Tonsillectomy Morbidity in Patients With Sleep Apnoea

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 3738-3740
Keyword(s):  
Day Surgery ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Multicenter Studies ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Surgery Center

The Tonsillectomy in children or adults is an intervention commonly encountered in the ENT (Ear Nose and Throat) and Head and Neck surgeon practice. The current tendency is to perform this type of surgery in major ambulatory surgery centers. Two objectives are thus pursued: first of all, the increase of the patient quality of life through the reintegration into the family as quickly as possible and secondly, the expenses associated with continuous hospitalization are reduced. Any tertiary (multidisciplinary) sleep center must ensure the complete diagnosis and treatment (including surgery) of sleep respiratory disorders. Under these conditions the selection of patients and especially the implementation of the specific protocols in order to control the postoperative complications it becomes essential. The present paper describes our experience of tonsillectomy as treatment for selected patients with chronic rhonchopathy (snoring) and mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnoea. It was presented the impact of antibiotics protocols in reducing the main morbid outcomes following tonsillectomy, in our day surgery center. The obtained results can also be a prerequisite for the integrative approach of the patients with sleep apnoea who were recommended surgical treatment. Considering the wide range of therapeutic modalities used in sleep apnoea, each with its specific advantages and disadvantages, more extensive and multicenter studies are needed. Keywords: post-tonsillectomy morbidity, day surgery center, sleep disorders

Cognitive Impact of Cerebellar Damage: Is There a Future for Cognitive Rehabilitation?

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim van Dun ◽  
Frank V. Overwalle ◽  
Mario Manto ◽  
Peter Marien
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Posterior Fossa Surgery ◽  
Daily Life Activities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Affective Deficits ◽  
Cerebellar Injury ◽  
Cognitive Therapies ◽  
The Impact

Background & Objective: During the past 3 decades, numerous neurophysiological, neuroimaging, experimental and clinical studies have evidenced a crucial role for the cerebellum in cognitive, affective and behavioral functions. As a result of the acknowledged modulatory role of the cerebellum upon remote structures such as the cerebral cortex, cerebellar injury may give rise to a constellation of behavioral, affective and cognitive symptoms (Schmahmann's Syndrome). In sharp contrast to the wide range of therapeutic interventions to treat cognitive and affective disorders following cerebral cortical lesions and despite the consequences of Schmahmann’s syndrome upon daily life activities, the literature is surprisingly only scantly documented with studies investigating the impact of cognitive therapies on cerebellar induced cognitive and affective disorders. This survey aims to present an overview of the therapeutic interventions available in the literature as a possible treatment for Schmahmann’s Syndrome after cerebellar injury, after posterior fossa surgery in children, and in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Although systematical studies are clearly warranted, available evidence suggests that cerebellar-induced cognitive and affective disorders should be treated in a specific way. Approaches where the patients are explicitly made aware of their deficits and are considered to act as an “external cerebellum” are the most promising. Conclusion: The study of the anatomical connectivity of the cerebellar microcomplexes involved in cognitive/affective deficits is likely to play a major-role in the future.

Understanding Distressed Residential Transaction Discounts Across Price Segments and Market Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-182
Author(s):  
Ramya Rajajagadeesan Aroul ◽  
J. Andrew Hansz ◽  
Mauricio Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Market Segment ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
Large Market ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Market Areas

In the literature, there is a wide range of discounts associated with foreclosures. Comparisons across studies are difficult as they use different methodologies across large areas over different time periods. We employ a consistent methodology across space and time. We find modest discounts, within the range of typical transaction costs, in all but the highest priced market segment. Higher priced segments could explain prior findings of substantial discounts. We find that discounts are time-varying, with discounts increasing with market distress. A one-size-fits-all approach is not appropriate when estimating distressed transaction discounts across large market areas or under changing market conditions.

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