scholarly journals Association of Smoking-Related Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) with Nutritional Status and Diet Quality: A Cross-Sectional Study in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ijaz ul Haq ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Min Liu ◽  
Haifeng Xu ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Good Plan

Background. Smoking is the second leading cause of death. Limited studies are available about smoking and overall diet quality. The current study was aimed at finding an association of s-KAP (smoking-related knowledge, attitude, and practices) with nutritional status and diet quality. Methodology. The current study was a cross-sectional community-based study conducted in Jurong city, China. Validated questionnaires were used for the collection of data regarding s-KAP and dietary intake. Correlation and multivariate linear regression analysis were used for the association of s-KAP scores with diet quality scores and nutritional status. Results. The total numbers of participants were 7998 with a mean age of 59.3±11.4 years, including 38.5% males and 41.5% females. s-KAP scores were categorized into two groups, i.e., High s-KAP group and low s-KAP group. The High s-KAP group had significantly higher (P<0.05) diet scores and BMI but lower (P<0.05) WC (waist circumference) and WHR (waist to hip ratio) than the Low s-KAP group. Independent positive association (P<0.05) of s-KAP scores with diet scores was observed after the adjustment for age, gender, physical activity, alcohol consumptions, monthly income, and anthropometric measures (BMI, WC, and WHR). Similarly, smoking was positively associated (P<0.05) with diet scores after adjustment for covariates. Conclusion. In conclusion, the higher s-KAP scores indicated more knowledge regarding the harmful consequences of the smoking outcomes, positive attitude, less smoking practices, and having a good plan to quit smoking. Individuals with high s-KAP scores had good diet quality and lower adiposity measures. Furthermore, s-KAP scores and smoking status were having an independent positive association with diet scores.

scholarly journals The relationship between the atherogenic index of plasma and arterial stiffness in essential hypertensive patients from China: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Yin ◽  
Minghui Li ◽  
Lingling Yu ◽  
Feng Hu ◽  
Yu Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Atherogenic Index Of Plasma

Abstract Background The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) always remains in a potential association with arterial stiffness, however, this association has not been fully discovered and needs to be studied in depth in large hypertensive patient populations. The present analysis thus sought to further explore the association that exists between AIP and arterial stiffness in Chinese patients diagnosed with arterial hypertension. Methods This cross-sectional study analyzed 4744 Chinese individuals with essential hypertension. AIP was defined as the base 10 logarithm of the ratio of plasma of triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels indicated in molar concentrations. Measurement of arterial stiffness was carried out via brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). Results Data were adjusted for potential confounding variables, and multivariate linear regression analysis revealed AIP to be positively correlated with baPWV (β = 1.34, 95% CI: 0.96 to 1.72, P < 0.001). When AIP was instead treated as a categorical variable divided into quartiles, the same relationship was observed (P for trend < 0.001). We additionally found AIP and baPWV had a stronger positive association in individuals with a body mass index (BMI) < 24 kg/m2 (P for interaction < 0.05). Conclusion AIP and arterial stiffness were positively correlated in essential hypertension patients in China, especially in those with a BMI < 24 kg/m2. Clinical trial registration ChiCTR1800017274.

scholarly journals Food Waste and Its Association with Diet Quality of Foods Purchased in South Florida

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2535
Author(s):  
Vanessa Mijares ◽  
Jair Alcivar ◽  
Cristina Palacios
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Grocery Purchase

The objective of this study was to explore the associations between food waste and the diet quality of foods purchased and with grocery purchasing behaviors. This was a cross-sectional study among 109 primary household food providers conducting primary shopping. Participants were recruited outside of local grocery stores and were asked to complete a survey assessing amounts of avoidable food waste and grocery purchasing behaviors. The diet quality of the foods purchased was assessed from grocery receipts using the Grocery Purchase Quality Index-2016 (GPQI-2016). Variables were associated using linear regression, analysis of covariance, and point biserial correlations. We found that fresh fruits (63%) and leafy greens (70%) were the foods that were the most wasted. The GPQI-2016 total score was significantly inversely associated with the total amount of food wasted (β  =  −0.63; 95% CI: −1.14,−0.12) after adjusting for important confounders. The reason “food past the date printed on the package” was directly correlated with food wasted (r = 0.40; p < 0.01) but inversely correlated with GPQI-2016 score (r = −0.21; p = 0.04). Food wasted, but not the GPQI-2016 score, was significantly higher among those who grocery shop 2–4 times per week compared to 1 time every 1–2 weeks (p = 0.02). In conclusion, food waste is inversely associated with diet quality and directly associated with grocery purchasing frequency.

Health and nutrition literacy in adults: Links with lifestyle factors and obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-370
Author(s):  
Maria Michou ◽  
Demosthenes B. Panagiotakos ◽  
Christos Lionis ◽  
Vassiliki Costarelli
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional

BACKGROUND: Low Health Literacy (HL) and Nutrition Literacy (NL) are associated with serious negative health outcomes. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate certain lifestyle factors and obesity, in relation to HL and NL. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the urban area of the Attica region, in Greece. The sample consisted of 1281 individuals, aged ≥18 years. HL, NL sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle factors (physical activity, smoking status, alcohol consumption,) were assessed. Mann-Whitney U, the Kruskall Wallis, Pearson chi-square tests and multiple linear regression models were used. RESULTS: Linear regression analysis has shown that smoking, alcohol consumption and physical activity, were associated with HL levels (–1.573 points for ex-smokers in comparison to smokers, p = 0.035, –1.349 points for alcohol consumers in comparison to non-consumers, p = 0.006 and 1.544 points for physically active individuals to non-active, p = 0.001). With respect to NL levels, it was also not associated with any of these factors. Obesity was not associated with HL and NL levels. CONCLUSIONS: Certain lifestyle factors, including physical activity, are predicting factors of HL levels, in Greek adults. The results contribute to the understanding of the relationship between lifestyle factors and HL and should be taken into account when HL policies are designed.

Sex Dependent Association of Vitamin D with Insulin Resistance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Chen ◽  
Chang Chu ◽  
Cornelia Doebis ◽  
Volker von Baehr ◽  
Berthold Hocher
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Entire Study

Abstract Background Animal studies suggested that vitamin D might decrease insulin resistance. Estrogen increased insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in rodents. However, sex-specific association of vitamin D with insulin resistance in humans remains unclear. Objectives To investigate the sex-dependency of the association of insulin resistance and 25(OH)D in a large Caucasian population. Methods Cross-sectional study from out-patients’ blood samples with measurements of 25(OH)D and HOMA-IR drawn at exactly the same day (N=1887). This cohort was divided into three groups: i) group with vitamin D deficiency (n=1190), ii) group with vitamin D sufficiency (N=686)), iii) vitamin D excess groups (n=11), the vitamin D excess group was excluded from further analysis due to the small size. Results Analysis of the entire study population showed that serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was inversely associated with HOMA-IR (rs=-0.19, P&lt;0.0001). When considering the vitamin D status, this association was only seen in the vitamin D deficiency group, but not in the vitamin D sufficient group. The correlation was sex-dependent: HOMA-IR was inversely correlated with vitamin D in women with vitamin D deficiency (rs=-0.26, P&lt;0.0001) but not in men with vitamin D deficiency (rs=0.01, P=0.714). After multivariate linear regression analysis considering confounding factors, this relationship was again only seen in women. Conclusion Vitamin D was inversely and independently associated with insulin resistance only in women with vitamin D deficiency. Based on our data, we suggest that in particular vitamin D deficient women might benefit from vitamin D substitution by improving insulin resistance. This, however, needs to be proven in adequately designed double-blind placebo-controlled clinical studies.

scholarly journals Sources of psychological distress among primary care physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic’s first wave in Spain: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Cebrián-Cuenca ◽  
José Joaquín Mira ◽  
Elena Caride-Miana ◽  
Antonio Fernández-Jiménez ◽  
Domingo Orozco-Beltrán
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protective Measures

Abstract Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is affecting people worldwide. In Spain, the first wave was especially severe. Objectives: This study aimed to identify sources and levels of distress among Spanish primary care physicians (PCPs) during the first wave of the pandemic (April 2020). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a survey that included sociodemographic data, a description of working conditions related to distress [such as gaps in training in protective measures, cleaning, and hygiene procedures in work setting, unavailability of personal protective equipments (PPEs) and COVID-19 RT-PCR test, and lack of staff due to be infected] and a validated scale, the ‘Self-applied Acute Stress Scale’ (EASE). The survey was answered by a non-probability sampling of PCPs working in family healthcare centres from different regions of Spain. Analysis of variance and multivariate linear regression analysis were performed. Results: In all, out of 518 PCP participants, 123 (23.7%) obtained high psychological distress scores. Only half of them had received information about the appropriate use of PPE. PCP characteristics associated with higher levels of distress include female gender [1.69; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.54, 2.84]; lack of training in protective measures (1.96; 95% CI 0.94, 2.99); unavailable COVID-19 RT-PCR for health care workers after quarantine or COVID-19 treatment (−0.77 (−1.52, −0.02). Reinforcing disinfection of the work environment (P < 0.05), availability of PPEs (P < 0.05), and no healthcare professional was infected (P < 0.05) were related to the lowest distress score. Conclusions: A better understanding of the sources of distress among PCPs could prevent its effect on future outbreaks.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between the Atherogenic Index of Plasma and Arterial Stiffness in Essential Hypertensive Patients from China: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Yin ◽  
Minghui Li ◽  
Lingling Yu ◽  
Feng Hu ◽  
Yu Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Atherogenic Index Of Plasma

Abstract Background: The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) always remains in a potential association with the arterial stiffness, however, in large hypertensive patient populations, this relation is not fully discovered and needs to be studied in depth. The present analysis thus sought to further explore the association that exists between AIP and arterial stiffness in patients diagnosed with arterial hypertension in China.Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed 4744 Chinese individuals with essential hypertension. AIP was defined as the base 10 logarithm of the ratio of plasma of triglycerides (TG) to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) levels indicates as in molar concentrations. Measurement of arterial stiffness was carried out via brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV).Results: Data were adjusted for potential confounding variables, after which a multivariate linear regression analysis revealed AIP to be positively correlated with baPWV (β = 1.34, 95% CI: 0.96 to 1.72, P < 0.001). When AIP was instead treated as a categorical variable divided into quartiles, this same relationship was observed (P for trend < 0.001). We additionally found AIP and baPWV had a stronger positive association in individuals with a body mass index (BMI) < 24 kg/m2 (P for interaction < 0.05).Conclusion: AIP and arterial stiffness were positively correlated in essential hypertension patients in China, especially in those with a BMI < 24 kg/m2.

scholarly journals Nutritional status and haemoglobin levels of pregnant adolescent girls in the city of Yaoundé, Cameroon

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-110
Author(s):  
Tihnje Abena Mbah ◽  
Agatha K.N. Tanya ◽  
Julius Oben
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Adolescent Pregnancy ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hemoglobin Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Taux D’Hémoglobine ◽  
Pour Cent ◽  
The City

Recently, there has been so much attention on adolescent health issues such as adolescent pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections, and Human Immune Virus infections but adolescent pregnancy and nutrition have aroused very little interest. This cross-sectional study was carried out to evaluate the nutritional status of adolescents aged 15 to 19 years in the city of Yaoundé, Cameroon. Three referral hospitals were selected at random for the recruitment of subjects in Yaoundé. Body Mass Index (BMI), hemoglobin level, a 24-hour recall, food frequency and socio–demographic data were collected using a pretested questionnaire. Hemoglobin level and BMI were used as dependent variables to evaluate nutritional status. The data were analyzed using SPSS 17.0 (ANOVA and student (t) test) with p <0.05. Sixty-two percent (62%) of subjects had a normal BMI, 28 % were overweight, and 10% were obese. Based on ANOVA analysis, Meal frequency, diet quality and the term of pregnancy had significant effect on BMI (p = 0.003<0.05). Diet quality had a significant effect on hemoglobin levels (p = 0.003<0.05). The term of pregnancy, especially at the third trimester, significantly affected BMI due to foetus additional weight. Thus, nutritional status depends on the quantity and quality of food intake. RésuméRécemment, on a accordé tant d’attention aux problèmes de santé des adolescents tels que la grossesse chez les adolescentes, les infections sexuellement transmissibles et les infections à virus immunitaire humain, mais la grossesse et la nutrition des adolescentes ont suscité très peu d’intérêt. Cette étude transversale a été réalisée pour évaluer l’état nutritionnel des adolescents âgés de 15 à 19 ans dans la ville de Yaoundé, au Cameroun. Trois hôpitaux de référence ont été sélectionnés au hasard pour le recrutement des sujets à Yaoundé. L’indice de masse corporelle (IMC), le taux d’hémoglobine, un rappel de 24 heures, la fréquence d’alimentations et les données sociodémographiques ont été recueillis à l’aide d’un questionnaire prétesté. Les taux d’hémoglobine et l’IMC ont été utilisés comme variables dépendantes pour évaluer l’état nutritionnel. Les données ont été analysées en utilisant SPSS 17,0 (ANOVA et test de Student (t)) avec p <0,05. Soixante-deux pour cent (62%) des sujets avaient un IMC normal, 28% étaient en surpoids et 10% étaient obèses. Sur la base d’une analyse ANOVA, la fréquence des repas, la qualité du régime alimentaire et la durée de la grossesse ont eu un effet significatif sur l’IMC (p = 0,003 <0,05). La qualité de l’alimentation avait un effet significatif sur les taux d’hémoglobine (p = 0,003 <0,05). La durée de la grossesse, en particulier au troisième trimestre, a considérablement affecté l’IMC en raison du poids supplémentaire du foetus. Ainsi, l’état nutritionnel dépend de la quantité et de la qualité de l’apport alimentaire.

Sensitivity and Specificity of Maternal Anthropometric Measures Relative to Infant Nutritional Status

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
Nugroho Abikusno ◽  
Rachel Novotny
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Poor Nutritional Status ◽  
Weight For Age

This cross-sectional study was done in July 1990 at health posts of two subdistricts in Cilandak, South Jakarta, Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to assess the sensitivity and specificity of maternal anthropometric measures against the functional outcome of infant nutritional status (weight-for-age). The study population consisted of 175 mother-infant pairs, who were between 14-45 years old, and their infants, who were 0-6 months old. The indicators that identified women at risk of their infant being poor nutritional status (weight-for-age less than −1 SD) were maternal weight (sensitivity 33%, specificity 89%, and positive predictive value 26%), height (sensitivity 39%, specificity 83% and positive predictive value 21%), and calf circumference (sensitivity 50%, specificity 85% and positive predictive value 28%).

scholarly journals Longer shared parental leave is associated with longer duration of breastfeeding: a cross-sectional study among Swedish mothers and their partners

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Grandahl ◽  
Jenny Stern ◽  
Eva-Lotta Funkquist
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vaginal Birth ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Duration Of Breastfeeding

Abstract Background Breastfeeding is associated with health benefits for both the mother and infant and is therefore important to support; moreover, parental leave is a beneficial factor for breastfeeding. The Swedish parental leave is generous, allowing each parent to take 90 days; additionally, a further 300 days can be taken by either parent. Generally, mothers take 70% of the parental leave days, mainly during the first year. However, breastfeeding duration has declined in the last decade, and it is not known how shared parental leave is associated with the duration of breastfeeding. Aim To investigate how parental leave is associated with the duration of exclusive and partial breastfeeding of the infant during the first 12 months after birth. An additional aim was to describe infants’ and parents’ characteristics and mode of birth in association with the duration of exclusive and partial breastfeeding. Methods This cross-sectional study was part of the Swedish Pregnancy Planning Study, conducted in Sweden in 2012–2015. The parents were recruited at 153 antenatal clinics in nine counties. In total, 813 couples completed a follow-up questionnaire 1 year after birth. Linear regression models were used to analyse the association between parental leave and the duration of breastfeeding. Results Infants were exclusively breastfed for, on average, 2.5 months (range 0–12 months) and partially breastfed, on average, 7 months (range 0–12 months). Most of the parental leave was taken by the mother (mean = 10.9 months) during the infant’s first 12 months, while the partner took 3 months, on average. The parental leave (used and planned) during the infant’s first 24 months were, on average, 21 months. In the multivariate linear regression analysis, mothers’ and partners’ high level of education (p < 0.001, p = 0.044, respectively), mothers’ higher age (p = 0.049), non-instrumental vaginal birth (p = 0.004) and longer parental leave for the first 24 months (p < 0.001) were associated with longer duration of partial breastfeeding. Conclusion The duration of partial breastfeeding was associated with higher parental educational level, higher age, non-instrumental vaginal birth and longer parental leave.

scholarly journals Structural and Biomechanical Corneal Differences between Type 2 Diabetic and Nondiabetic Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
João N. Beato ◽  
João Esteves-Leandro ◽  
David Reis ◽  
Manuel Falcão ◽  
Vítor Rosas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Applanation Tonometry ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional

Purpose. To analyze and compare corneal structural and biomechanical properties, characterized by corneal hysteresis (CH) and resistance factor (CRF), between patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), and determine the main ocular variables that influence them. Methods. Sixty diabetic and 48 age- and sex-matched non-DM patients were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. The DM group was analyzed according to DM duration (<or ≥ 10 years), HbA1c levels (<or ≥ 7%), and presence of retinopathy. CH and CRF were evaluated using the Ocular Response Analyzer® (ORA). Central corneal thickness (CCT) was determined by Scheimpflug tomography (Pentacam® HR). Intraocular pressure was obtained with ORA (IOPcc) and Goldmann applanation tonometry (IOP-GAT). Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship between demographical, clinical, and ocular variables with the biomechanical properties. Results. There were no statistically significant differences in the CH and the CRF between DM and non-DM groups (p=0.637 and p=0.439, respectively). Also, there was no statistical difference between groups for the CCT, IOPcc, or IOP-GAT. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that CH was positively associated with CCT (p<0.001) and negatively associated with IOPcc (p<0.001), while CRF was positively associated with CCT (p<0.001) and IOPcc (p=0.014). Conclusion. The CCT and IOPcc were found to be the main parameters that affect corneal biomechanical properties both in diabetics and controls. In this study, there was no significant effect of DM type 2 on corneal biomechanics.

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