scholarly journals Effect of Prebiotics-Enhanced Probiotics on the Growth ofStreptococcus mutans

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santichai Nunpan ◽  
Chatrudee Suwannachart ◽  
Kornchanok Wayakanon
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Acidic Environment ◽  
Beneficial Microorganisms ◽  
Carious Lesions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stimulation Of

Streptococcus mutanspredominantly creates an acidic environment in an oral cavity. This results in dental demineralization and carious lesions. The probiotics are beneficial microorganisms that modulate the bacterial balance in the digestive system. Prebiotics are defined as nondigestible oligosaccharides that are utilized for the selective stimulation of the beneficial microorganisms. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the prebiotics, galactooligosaccharides (GOS) and fructooligosaccharides (FOS), for enhancing the probioticLactobacillus acidophilusATCC 4356, for inhibitingStreptococcus mutans(A32-2) for the prevention of dental caries. The growth rate of theS. mutanssignificantly decreased when cocultured withL. acidophilusin the GOS-supplemented medium at 3%, 4%, and 5%. In the FOS-supplemented medium, the growth rate ofS. mutanssignificantly decreased in all concentrations when cocultured withL. acidophilus. There was no significant difference in the growth rate ofL. acidophilusin all concentrations of either GOS or FOS. It can be concluded that the growth rate ofS. mutanswas significantly retarded when cocultured withL. acidophilusand the proper concentration of prebiotics. These prebiotics have potential for a clinical application to activate the function of the naturally intraoralL. acidophilusto inhibitS. mutans.

scholarly journals The distribution of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus in children with dental caries severity level

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Dianawati ◽  
Wahyu Setyarini ◽  
Ira Widjiastuti ◽  
Rini Devijanti Ridwan ◽  
K. Kuntaman
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Streptococcus Sobrinus ◽  
Bacterial Colonisation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Carious Lesions ◽  
Pcr Multiplex ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: The prevalence of dental caries is high worldwide and specifically in Indonesia, especially in children. Cariogenic bacteria are the major cause of dental caries. Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is one of the bacteria often associated with caries, due to its ability in producing acid and forming the biofilm for bacterial colonisation on the surface of oral cavities. In addition to S. mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus (S. sobrinus) bacteria are also thought to play an important role in the process of caries. Purpose: This study aims to analyse the distribution of S. mutans and S. sobrinus in children with seriously high dental caries levels. Methods: This study was an observational analytical study. Bacterial isolation was conducted in carious lesions of 50 paediatric patients 6-12 years old with superficial dental caries. Samples of caries lesions were put directly into a tube containing the Brain Heart Infusion Broth (BHI-B) and incubated at 37o C for 24 hours. The samples were sub-cultured on selective tryptone yeast cystine sucrose bacitracin (TYCSBHimedia) agar, and then incubated for two days. Bacterial identification was then performed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Multiplex method. Statistical analysis with Chi-square. Results: The total number of children with dental caries included in this study was 50. Among these, 94% showed positive for S. mutans and 30% positive for S. sobrinus. The analysis of the prevalence of bacterial colonisation (S. mutans and S. sobrinus) based on caries severity and the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S), showed there was no significant difference (p> 0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that among 50 caries noted in the children, 94% were colonised S. mutans and 30% S. sobrinus. There was no significant difference between the colonisation of S. mutans and S. sobrinus among children from the severe to mild decayed exfoliated filling teeth (DEFT) category, and between bad and good OHI-S.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of Cymbopogon citratus (Poaceae) essential oil on Streptococcus mutans biofilm and cytotoxic effect on keratinocytes and fibroblasts

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 1519
Author(s):  
Mailen Ortega Cuadros ◽  
Adriana Patricia Tofiño Rivera ◽  
Luciano Jose Merini ◽  
Maria Cecilia Martinez Pabon
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Efficient Alternative

Dental caries is a pathology of multifactorial origin and currently natural products are an efficient alternative treatment; The work sought to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the Cymbopogon citratus essential oil and the citral and myrcene components against Streptococcus mutans ATCC UA159, as well as their cytotoxicity on keratinocytes and human fibroblasts. The viability effect against Streptococcus mutans on biofilms was evaluated through exposure to the three substances by using the MBEC technique-high-throughput at concentrations of 1, 0.1, and 0.01 µg/mL and chlorhexidine as positive control. The cytotoxicity of the compounds was evaluated on keratinocytes and fibroblasts through the MTT reduction technique, using 0.5 mM H2O2 as cell-death control (negative control) and ethanol 1% as vehicle control (positive control). The three substances evaluated had effects on the viability of Streptococcus mutans with mortality between 74% and 96%, without significant difference among them (p > 0.393); additionally, no cytotoxicity was evident on keratinocytes and fibroblasts in a 24-h treatment. The substances evaluated showed significant antimicrobial effects; hence, these should be studied further as potential co-adjuvants to prevent dental caries that cause minor adverse effects

scholarly journals Antibiofilm Activity of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) Flavonoids against Streptococcus mutans Bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Sri Kunarti ◽  
Aulia Ramadhani ◽  
Laskmiari Setyowati
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Dental caries is one of the most common infectious diseases and often occurs in the community caused by bacteria. Attached bacteria in the tooth surface for a long time will form a biofilm and will lead to demineralization characterized by damage in the structure of the tooth enamel. The bacteria that cause dental caries and can form biofilms is Streptococcus mutans. The bacteria inside biofilms are more resistant to antibacterial agents. Flavonoids in mangosteen pericarp extract can be a cleaner alternative for the anti-biofilm cavity that has properties against Streptococcus mutans. Purpose: To determine the activity of flavonoids in mangosteen pericarp extract at a certain concentration against Streptococcus mutans bacteria. Methods: This study was a laboratory experimental study with a post-test only control group design. Streptococcus mutans were diluted according to the Mc Farland dilution standard 106 in Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) medium and put in a flexible U-bottom microtiter plate. Then it was incubated for 5x24 hours and checked using crystal violet simple staining to see the formation of biofilms. Flavonoid extract of mangosteen pericarp performed serial dilution in a concentration of 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.125%, 1.56%, and 0.78% was added, and the incubation process were conducted for 1x24 hours. OD (Optical Density) readings were done with a wavelength of 595 nm. Results: There was a significant difference between the test groups and the positive control group. The concentration of 100% had the anti-biofilm activity and showed the value of the highest percentage of inhibition, whilst the concentration of 0.78% showed a minimum biofilm inhibition concentration. The results were demonstrated by a statistical analysis test. Conclusion: Flavonoid extract of mangosteen pericarp at a certain concentration has anti-biofilm activity against Streptococcus mutans biofilm.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF ASTHMAAND ITS MEDICATIONS ON DENTAL CARIES STATUS AND STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS COUNT IN CHILDREN: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
Sneha Upadhyay ◽  
Jyoti Bhavthankar ◽  
Mandakini Mandale ◽  
Nivedita Kaorey
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Asthmatic Children ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Background: Asthma and its medications have been linked to oral diseases in asthmatic children. Aim: Assessment of the dental caries status, salivary Streptococcus mutans count and S. mutans colony score in children receiving inhaled anti asthmatic medications and their comparison in healthy children Material and Method: A cross-sectional study was performed on 40 asthmatic children and 40 healthy children in the age group of 6-14 years. DMFT/deft indices were calculated and saliva samples were collected. Diluted saliva was inoculated on MSB agar plates. S. mutans count and colony score were analysed after 24-48 hours of inoculation. Results: Statistically significant difference was observed in the mean DMFT/deft index, salivary S. mutans load and S. mutans colony score in children of the asthmatic group and control group. Conclusion: Prevalence of dental caries and cariogenic bacteria is higher in asthmatic children.

scholarly journals Synergism of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans Reinforces Biofilm Maturation and Acidogenicity in Saliva: An In Vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye-Eun Kim ◽  
Yuan Liu ◽  
Atul Dhall ◽  
Marwa Bawazir ◽  
Hyun Koo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Acidic Ph ◽  
Acidic Environment ◽  
Symbiotic Interaction ◽  
Biofilm Development

Early childhood caries, a virulent-form of dental caries, is painful, difficult, and costly to treat that has been associated with high levels of Streptococcus mutans (Sm) and Candida albicans (Ca) in plaque-biofilms on teeth. These microorganisms appear to develop a symbiotic cross-kingdom interaction that amplifies the virulence of plaque-biofilms. Although biofilm studies reveal synergistic bacterial-fungal association, how these organisms modulate cross-kingdom biofilm formation and enhance its virulence in the presence of saliva remain largely unknown. Here, we compared the properties of Sm and Sm-Ca biofilms cultured in saliva by examining the biofilm structural organization and capability to sustain an acidic pH environment conducive to enamel demineralization. Intriguingly, Sm-Ca biofilm is rapidly matured and maintained acidic pH-values (~4.3), while Sm biofilm development was retarded and failed to create an acidic environment when cultured in saliva. In turn, the human enamel slab surface was severely demineralized by Sm-Ca biofilms, while there was minimal damage to the enamel surface by Sm biofilm. Interestingly, Sm-Ca biofilms exhibited an acidic environment regardless of their hyphal formation ability. Our data reveal the critical role of symbiotic interaction between S. mutans and C. albicans in human saliva in the context of pathogenesis of dental caries, which may explain how the cross-kingdom interaction contributes to enhanced virulence of plaque-biofilm in the oral cavity.

scholarly journals Dental caries in children participating in a Dentistry for infants Program

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-507
Author(s):  
Letícia Vargas Freire Martins Lemos ◽  
Angela Cristina Cilense Zuanon ◽  
Silvio Issáo Myaki ◽  
Luiz Reynaldo de Figueiredo Walter
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Care Program ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Carious Lesions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Student’S T Test

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the impact of the “Dentistry for Infants” early dental care program run by Jacareí County (SP) by comparing the caries of individuals participating and not participating in this program. Methods: In total, 300 children between 0 and 48 months old were assessed in the following two groups: infants not participating in the program (G1, n = 100) and infants participating in the program (G2, n = 200). Each group was further divided according to age in subgroups of 0 to 24 months and 25 to 48 months. All children were clinically assessed for carious lesions using the visual-tactile method. The data were statistically analyzed using a paired Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney test, and χ2 test at a 5% significance level. Results: There was a significant difference in the prevalence (P) and mean index of deciduous teeth (deft) (C) that were decayed, indicated for extraction and filled, and the highest values were observed in G1 (p < 0.0001). The values were as follows: PG1, 73%; PG2, 22%; CG1, 3.45 ± 3.84; and CG2, 0.66 ± 1.57. Conclusion: Participating in the program positively impacted the infants’ oral health.

Inhibitory Effect of Oral Thin Films (OTFs) Containing Xylitol Against Streptococcus mutans

2022 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Yi Ern Teng ◽  
Hee Xixian ◽  
Muhamad Fareez Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Poor Patient Compliance ◽  
Significant Difference

Dental Caries is a chronic disease affecting half of the global population, causing pain and discomfort due to progressive damage to the teeth. Whilst xylitol has been studied for its effect on dental caries prevention, current practices present few limitations for its successful oral delivery, including short residence time in the mouth and poor patient compliance. Recently, oral thin films (OTFs) emerged as an alternative to delivering xylitol in the oral cavity. This research aims to develop novel OTFs containing xylitol with extended-release properties (as determined by the disintegration time) and to investigate its effect on a cariogenic bacterial strain, Streptococcus mutans. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of xylitol was determined. Employing the microdilution broth method, the antibacterial activity of the oral thin films containing xylitol for oral S. mutans was performed with simulated salivary fluid, incubated at 1, 4, and 10 h. The MIC of xylitol was found at 10%. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference in the inhibition of S. mutans (p > 0.05) between the control, OTFs (10 h), and xylitol-OTF (1 h), with the latter, demonstrated only 16.58% inhibition. Interestingly, when compared to xylitol-OTF (1 h), xylitol-OTF showed significant inhibition (p < 0.05) to S. mutans after four h (+53.24 %) and almost a complete inhibition after ten h (-92.58 %). These results suggest that the OTFs demonstrated a gradual release of xylitol and inhibited oral biofilm formation by decreasing the growth of S. mutans in a time-dependent manner. Most importantly, the study indicated the successful development of a novel xylitol-OTF with potential as an oral health biotherapeutic agent.

Insights into the Virulence Traits of Streptococcus mutans in Dentine Carious Lesions of Children with Early Childhood Caries

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela S. Bezerra ◽  
Rafael N. Stipp ◽  
Beatriz G. Neves ◽  
Sarah F.F. Guedes ◽  
Marcelle M. Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Bacterial Survival ◽  
Carious Lesions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Oral Bacterium ◽  
Carious Dentine ◽  
Childhood Caries

Streptococcus mutans is an oral bacterium considered to play a major role in the development of dental caries. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of S. mutans in active and arrested dentine carious lesions of children with early childhood caries and to examine the expression profile of selected S. mutans genes associated with survival and virulence, within the same carious lesions. Dentine samples were collected from 29 active and 16 arrested carious lesions that were diagnosed in preschool children aged 2-5 years. Total RNA was extracted from the dentine samples, and reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR analyses were performed for the quantification of S. mutans and for analyses of the expression of S. mutans genes associated with bacterial survival (atpD, nox, pdhA) and virulence (fabM and aguD). There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of S. mutans between active and arrested carious lesions. Expression of the tested genes was detected in both types of carious dentine. The pdhA (p = 0.04) and aguD (p = 0.05) genes were expressed at higher levels in arrested as compared to active lesions. Our findings revealed that S. mutans is part of the viable microbial community in active and arrested dentine carious lesions. The increase in expression of the pdhA and aguD genes in arrested lesions is likely due to the unfavourable environmental conditions for microbial growth, inherent to this type of lesions.

scholarly journals Effect of Herbal and Fluoride Mouth Rinses onStreptococcus mutansand Dental Caries among 12–15-Year-Old School Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinej Somaraj ◽  
Rekha P. Shenoy ◽  
Ganesh Shenoy Panchmal ◽  
Vijaya Kumar ◽  
Praveen S. Jodalli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Intention To Treat ◽  
Group I ◽  
Mouth Rinses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Glucan Synthesis

To assess and compare the effect of herbal and fluoride mouth rinses onStreptococcus mutanscount and glucan synthesis byStreptococcus mutansand dental caries, a parallel group placebo controlled randomized trial was conducted among 240 schoolchildren (12–15 years old). Participants were randomly divided and allocated into Group I (0.2% fluoride group), Group II (herbal group), and Group III (placebo group). All received 10 ml of respective mouth rinses every fortnight for a period of one year. Intergroup and intragroup comparison were done forStreptococcus mutanscount and glucan synthesis byStreptococcus mutansand dental caries.Streptococcus mutanscount showed a statistically significant difference between Group I and Group III (p=0.035) and also between Group II and Group III (p=0.039). Glucan concentration levels showed a statistically significant difference (p=0.024) between Group II and Group III at 12th month. Mean DMF scores showed no statistical difference between the three groups (p=0.139). No difference in the level of significance was seen in the intention-to-treat and per-protocol analysis. The present study showed that both herbal and fluoride mouth rinses, when used fortnightly, were equally effective and could be recommended for use in school-based health education program to control dental caries. Trial registration number isCTRI/2015/08/006070.

scholarly journals Ethanol extract of soursop leaves inhibits acid production and adhesion of Streptococcus mutans

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 279
Author(s):  
Friska Ani Rahman ◽  
Rahsunji Intan
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Herbal Remedy ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Cariogenic Bacteria ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Dental caries and dental plaque are the most popular global oral health problems. The primary step of dental caries is characterized by damage of tooth surfaces  affected by acids which are by-products of sugar metabolism by a cariogenic bacteria. One of the cariogenic bacteria is Streptococcus mutans. Annona muricata is traditionally applied as an herbal remedy for various illnesses and has been recognized in a previous study as an antimicrobial agent. The aim of this study was to investigate  acid production and adhesion of ethanol extract of Soursop on Streptococcus mutans. Methods: Soursop leaf extracted by maceration using 70% ethanol solvent. The extracts obtained were tested at various concentrations. To examine the effect of ethanol extract of Soursop on acid production by S. mutans, the pH of the culture was determined using a pH meter. Inhibition of adhesion of S. mutans to the saliva-coated hydroxyapatite (S-HA) discs was quantified using colony counting on TYS20B agar plates. Results: The pH of S. mutans cultures in the presence of ethanol extract of Soursop leaf at various concentrations was higher than negative control, but there were no differences in pH value between the various concentrations of ethanol extract of Soursop leaf. Adhesion of S. mutans to S-HA discs was inhibited by various concentrations of ethanol extract of Soursop leaf. Adhesion decreased with increasing concentrations of ethanol extract of Soursop leaf, but there was not significant difference in colony count between the various concentrations of ethanol extract of Soursop leaf. Conclusions: Ethanol extract of Soursop leaf attenuates the acid production and adhesion of S. mutans to hydroxyapatite discs. Keywords: Soursop (Annona muricata); Streptococcus mutans; acid production; adhesion

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