scholarly journals Associations of Oxidative Stress and Postoperative Outcome in Liver Surgery with an Outlook to Future Potential Therapeutic Options

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Senoner ◽  
Sophie Schindler ◽  
Stefan Stättner ◽  
Dietmar Öfner ◽  
Jakob Troppmair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Liver Resection ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Liver Surgery ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Hepatic Diseases

Several types of surgical procedures have shown to elicit an inflammatory stress response, leading to substantial cytokine production and formation of oxygen-based or nitrogen-based free radicals. Chronic liver diseases including cancers are almost always characterized by increased oxidative stress, in which hepatic surgery is likely to potentiate at least in the short term and hereby furthermore impair the hepatic redox state. During liver resection, intermittent inflow occlusion is commonly applied to prevent excessive blood loss but resulting ischemia and reperfusion of the liver have been linked to increased oxidative stress, leading to impairment of cell functions and subsequent cell death. In the field of liver transplantation, ischemia/reperfusion injury has extensively been investigated in the last decades and has recently been in the scientific focus again due to increased use of marginal donor organs and new machine perfusion concepts. Therefore, given the intriguing role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases and in the perioperative setting, the interest for a therapeutic antioxidative agent has been present for several years. This review is aimed at giving an introduction to oxidative stress in surgical procedures in general and then examines the role of oxidative stress in liver surgery in particular, discussing both transplantation and resection. Results from studies in the animal and human settings are included. Finally, potential therapeutic agents that might be beneficial in reducing the burden of oxidative stress in hepatic diseases and during surgery are presented. While there is compelling evidence from animal models and a limited number of clinical studies showing that oxidative stress plays a major role in both liver resection and transplantation and several recent studies have suggested a potential for antioxidative treatment in chronic liver disease (e.g., steatosis), the search for effective antioxidants in the field of liver surgery is still ongoing.

scholarly journals Impact of Ischemic Preconditioning on Outcome in Clinical Liver Surgery: A Systematic Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. J. Chu ◽  
Ryash Vather ◽  
Anthony J. R. Hickey ◽  
Anthony R. J. Phillips ◽  
Adam S. J. R. Bartlett
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Liver Resection ◽  
Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemic Preconditioning ◽  
Liver Surgery ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Hepatocellular Damage

Background. Ischemia-reperfusion injury is a major cause of post-liver-surgery complications. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) has been demonstrated to protect against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Clinical studies have examined IPC in liver surgery but with conflicting results. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effects of IPC on outcome in clinical liver surgery.Methods. An electronic search of OVID Medline and Embase databases was performed to identify studies that reported outcomes in patients undergoing liver surgery subjected to IPC. Basic descriptive statistics were used to summarise data from individual clinical studies.Results. 1093 articles were identified, of which 24 met the inclusion criteria. Seven topics were selected and analysed by subgroup. There were 10 studies in cadaveric liver transplantation, 2 in living-related liver transplantation, and 12 in liver resection. IPC decreases hepatocellular damage in liver surgery as determined by transaminases but does not translate to any significant clinical benefit in orthotopic liver transplant or liver resection.Conclusions. Available clinical evidence does not support routine use of IPC in liver surgery as it does not offer any apparent benefit in perioperative outcome. Further clinical studies will need to be carried out to determine the subset of patients that will benefit from IPC.

scholarly journals Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) Protects against H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress by Preventing Mitochondrial Dysfunction in H9c2 Cardiomyoblasts

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Kwon Yang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Hepatic Diseases ◽  
Mitochondrial Functions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
H9c2 Cardiomyoblasts ◽  
Cabbage Extract

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the progression of cardiac diseases, including ischemia/reperfusion injury, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. Growing evidence indicates that cabbage has various pharmacological properties against a wide range of diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, hepatic diseases, and cancer. However, little is known about its effects on oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes or the underlying mechanisms. Therefore, the present study examined the effects of cabbage extract on oxidative stress in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. Cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, apoptosis, mitochondrial functions, and expression levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) proteins were analyzed to elucidate the antioxidant effects of this extract. Cabbage extract protected against H2O2-induced cell death and did not elicit any cytotoxic effects. In addition, cabbage extract suppressed ROS production and increased expression of antioxidant proteins (SOD-1, catalase, and GPx). Cabbage extract also inhibited apoptotic responses and activation of MAPK proteins (ERK1/2, JNK, and p-38) in oxidative stress-exposed H9c2 cells. Notably, cabbage extract preserved mitochondrial functions upon oxidative stress. These findings reveal that cabbage extract protects against oxidative stress and suggest that it can be used as an alternative therapeutic strategy to prevent the oxidative stress in the heart.

scholarly journals Heat Shock Proteins in Oxidative Stress and Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury and Benefits from Physical Exercises: A Review to the Current Knowledge

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Jakub Szyller ◽  
Iwona Bil-Lula
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Proteins ◽  
Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Physical Exercises ◽  
Shock Proteins

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones produced in response to oxidative stress (OS). These proteins are involved in the folding of newly synthesized proteins and refolding of damaged or misfolded proteins. Recent studies have been focused on the regulatory role of HSPs in OS and ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R) where reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a major role. ROS perform many functions, including cell signaling. Unfortunately, they are also the cause of pathological processes leading to various diseases. Biological pathways such as p38 MAPK, HSP70 and Akt/GSK-3β/eNOS, HSP70, JAK2/STAT3 or PI3K/Akt/HSP70, and HSF1/Nrf2-Keap1 are considered in the relationship between HSP and OS. New pathophysiological mechanisms involving ROS are being discovered and described the protein network of HSP interactions. Understanding of the mechanisms involved, e.g., in I/R, is important to the development of treatment methods. HSPs are multifunctional proteins because they closely interact with the antioxidant and the nitric oxide generation systems, such as HSP70/HSP90/NOS. A deficiency or excess of antioxidants modulates the activation of HSF and subsequent HSP biosynthesis. It is well known that HSPs are involved in the regulation of several redox processes and play an important role in protein-protein interactions. The latest research focuses on determining the role of HSPs in OS, their antioxidant activity, and the possibility of using HSPs in the treatment of I/R consequences. Physical exercises are important in patients with cardiovascular diseases, as they affect the expression of HSPs and the development of OS.

Naringenin improves mitochondrial function and reduces cardiac damage following ischemia-reperfusion injury: the role of the AMPK-SIRT3 signaling pathway

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 2752-2765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Ming Yu ◽  
Xue Dong ◽  
Xiao-Dong Xue ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Zhi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Mitochondrial Biogenesis ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Cardiac Damage ◽  
Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stress Damage

Naringenin directly inhibits mitochondrial oxidative stress damage and preserves mitochondrial biogenesisviaAMPK-SIRT3 signaling, thus attenuating MI/R injury.

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