scholarly journals A Survey on Vehicular Edge Computing: Architecture, Applications, Technical Issues, and Future Directions

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salman Raza ◽  
Shangguang Wang ◽  
Manzoor Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Rizwan Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Edge Computing ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Smart Vehicles ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Technical Issues ◽  
Smart Vehicle

A new networking paradigm, Vehicular Edge Computing (VEC), has been introduced in recent years to the vehicular network to augment its computing capacity. The ultimate challenge to fulfill the requirements of both communication and computation is increasingly prominent, with the advent of ever-growing modern vehicular applications. With the breakthrough of VEC, service providers directly host services in close proximity to smart vehicles for reducing latency and improving quality of service (QoS). This paper illustrates the VEC architecture, coupled with the concept of the smart vehicle, its services, communication, and applications. Moreover, we categorized all the technical issues in the VEC architecture and reviewed all the relevant and latest solutions. We also shed some light and pinpoint future research challenges. This article not only enables naive readers to get a better understanding of this latest research field but also gives new directions in the field of VEC to the other researchers.

scholarly journals Software-Defined Optimal Computation Task Scheduling in Vehicular Edge Networking

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 955
Author(s):  
Zhiyuan Li ◽  
Ershuai Peng
Keyword(s):  
Task Scheduling ◽  
Scheduling Algorithm ◽  
Dynamic Network ◽  
Parameter Tuning ◽  
Global Optimum ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Edge Computing ◽  
Transmission Delay ◽  
Smart Vehicles ◽  
Network Bandwidth

With the development of smart vehicles and various vehicular applications, Vehicular Edge Computing (VEC) paradigm has attracted from academic and industry. Compared with the cloud computing platform, VEC has several new features, such as the higher network bandwidth and the lower transmission delay. Recently, vehicular computation-intensive task offloading has become a new research field for the vehicular edge computing networks. However, dynamic network topology and the bursty computation tasks offloading, which causes to the computation load unbalancing for the VEC networking. To solve this issue, this paper proposed an optimal control-based computing task scheduling algorithm. Then, we introduce software defined networking/OpenFlow framework to build a software-defined vehicular edge networking structure. The proposed algorithm can obtain global optimum results and achieve the load-balancing by the virtue of the global load status information. Besides, the proposed algorithm has strong adaptiveness in dynamic network environments by automatic parameter tuning. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively improve the utilization of computation resources and meet the requirements of computation and transmission delay for various vehicular tasks.

scholarly journals ICTs and Music in Special Learning Disabilities

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanasios Drigas ◽  
Paraskevi Theodorou
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Learning Difficulties ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Access To Knowledge

Τhis study is a critical review of published scientific literature on the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), Virtual Reality, multimedia, music and their applications in children with special learning difficulties.  Technology and music are two factors that are recognized as tools which ensure quality of life, success and access to knowledge and learning resources. In the following papers of the last decade (2006-2015) are proposed models of music therapy for students with special learning difficulties in a psycho educational setting. There are also defined future research perspectives concerning the applications of technology in this particular research field.

scholarly journals Machine Learning Interpretability: A Survey on Methods and Metrics

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diogo V. Carvalho ◽  
Eduardo M. Pereira ◽  
Jaime S. Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Learning Systems ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Black Boxes ◽  
Interpretable Models

Machine learning systems are becoming increasingly ubiquitous. These systems’s adoption has been expanding, accelerating the shift towards a more algorithmic society, meaning that algorithmically informed decisions have greater potential for significant social impact. However, most of these accurate decision support systems remain complex black boxes, meaning their internal logic and inner workings are hidden to the user and even experts cannot fully understand the rationale behind their predictions. Moreover, new regulations and highly regulated domains have made the audit and verifiability of decisions mandatory, increasing the demand for the ability to question, understand, and trust machine learning systems, for which interpretability is indispensable. The research community has recognized this interpretability problem and focused on developing both interpretable models and explanation methods over the past few years. However, the emergence of these methods shows there is no consensus on how to assess the explanation quality. Which are the most suitable metrics to assess the quality of an explanation? The aim of this article is to provide a review of the current state of the research field on machine learning interpretability while focusing on the societal impact and on the developed methods and metrics. Furthermore, a complete literature review is presented in order to identify future directions of work on this field.

Policy Recommendations for Multi-Actor Implementation: An Assessment of the Field

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence J O'Toole
Keyword(s):  
Policy Process ◽  
Research Field ◽  
The State ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Empirical Theory

ABSTRACTOne goal frequently professed in the research field of multi-actor implementation is to assist those actually involved in the policy process by developing good, empirically-based recommendations. The primary objectives in this article are to investigate the degree of progress attained thus far toward this aim and, as a consequence, to suggest an agenda for future research. The literature is found to impose a number of restrictions on the quality of advice available to practitioners. The field is complex, without much cumulation or convergence. Few well-developed recommendations have been put forward by researchers and a number of proposals are contradictory. Almost no evidence or analysis of utilization in this field has been produced. Two reasons for the lack of development are analyzed: normative disagreement and the state of the field's empirical theory. Yet there remain numerous possibilities for increasing the quality of the latter. Efforts in this direction are a necessary condition of further practical advance.

scholarly journals Commentary: Race and Ethnicity in Biomedical Research – Classifications, Challenges, and Future Directions

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dame Idossa ◽  
Narjust Duma ◽  
Katerina Chekhovskiy ◽  
Ronald Go ◽  
Sikander Ailawadhi
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Data Collection Process ◽  
Large Databases ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Racial Ethnic

The use of race and ethnicity in biomedical research has been a subject of debate for the past three decades. Initially the two ma­jor race categories were: White and Black, leaving other minorities uncounted or inap­propriately misclassified. As the science of health disparities evolves, more sophisticat­ed and detailed information has been add­ed to large databases. Despite the addition of new racial classifications, including multi-racial denominations, the quality of the data is limited to the data collection process and other social misconceptions. Although race is viewed as an imposed or ascribed status, ethnicity is an achieved status, making it a more challenging variable to include in biomedical research. Ambiguity between race and ethnicity often exists, ultimately affecting the value of both variables. To bet­ter understand specific health outcomes or disparities of groups, it is necessary to col­lect subgroup-specific data. Cultural percep­tions and practices, health experiences, and susceptibility to disease vary greatly among broad racial-ethnic groups and requires the collection of nuanced data to understand. Here, we provide an overview of the clas­sification of race and ethnicity in the United States over time, the existing challenges in using race and ethnicity in biomedical re­search and future research directions. Ethn Dis. 2018;28(4):561-564; doi:10.18865/ed.28.4.561.

Transformational Tourism Experiences

2021 ◽  
pp. 210-233
Author(s):  
Carla Melo ◽  
Greg Richards ◽  
Melanie Kay Smith
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Self Development ◽  
Future Research Directions

Transformational tourism is an emergent research field, reflecting a broader paradigm shift that encompasses changes in tourist profiles that challenge tourism businesses to deliver experiences that meet the expectations of tourists seeking opportunities for self-development and inner transformation. This chapter presents the outcomes of a computer-assisted qualitative data analysis (CAQDAS) exploring how service providers are communicating transformational tourism experiences online. The findings reveal that the place where the experiences are delivered and the experience characteristics are frequently emphasised, which reinforces their relevance in the process of tourist transformation. Contents addressing the transformation process and the needs of the tourist can also be found. Based on these findings and the literature review, research implications are discussed, and future research directions are presented.

IT outsourcing in the public sector: a conceptual model

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francois Duhamel ◽  
Isis Gutiérrez-Martínez ◽  
Sergio Picazo-Vela ◽  
Luis Luna-Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
It Outsourcing ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Technology Enactment

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to propose a theoretical model explaining information technology outsourcing performance in the public sector as well as a set of empirically testable propositions to improve the understanding of key determinants of success. Design/methodology/approach – Based on Fountain ' s technology enactment framework, the authors integrated inter-organizational factors, such as trust, knowledge sharing, and quality of outsourcing interfaces, in the model and added organizational culture alignment between service providers and public administration to enhance Fountain ' s original framework. Findings – The authors proposed 17 empirically testable propositions to establish the relationships between key variables in IT outsourcing projects in the public sector. Research limitations/implications – The proposed model provides guidance for future research aimed at advancing knowledge of IT outsourcing. Originality/value – The contribution lies in the development of specific variables, such as trust, knowledge, and organizational culture, which are related to building an outsourcing relationship and are used as determinants of the quality of organizational interfaces between public bureaucracies and IT outsourcing providers.

scholarly journals Future Directions in Precipitation Science

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1074
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Tapiador ◽  
Anahí Villalba-Pradas ◽  
Andrés Navarro ◽  
Eduardo García-Ortega ◽  
Kyo-Sun Sunny Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Terrain ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Broad Perspective ◽  
Solid Precipitation ◽  
Future Research Directions

Precipitation science is a growing research field. It is concerned with the study of the water cycle from a broad perspective, from tropical to polar research and from solid precipitation to humidity and microphysics. It includes both modeling and observations. Drawing on the results of several meetings within the International Collaborative Experiments for the PyeongChang 2018 Olympics and Paralympic Winter Games (ICE-POP 2018), and on two Special Issues hosted by Remote Sensing starting with “Winter weather research in complex terrain during ICE-POP 2018”, this paper completes the “Precipitation and Water Cycle” Special Issue by providing a perspective on the future research directions in the field.

scholarly journals Trusted Service Evaluation for Mobile Edge Users: Challenges and Reviews

Complexity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Tingting Shao ◽  
Xuan Yang ◽  
Fan Wang ◽  
Chao Yan ◽  
Ashish Kr. Luhach
Keyword(s):  
Web Services ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Service Selection ◽  
Service Evaluation ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Quality Of Services ◽  
Typical Application

With the increasing growth of web services shared in various mobile edge platforms, it becomes necessary to evaluate all the candidates based on their quality of services to reduce the users’ service selection cost. However, the service quality data released by service providers cannot be simply deemed as trusted due to various subjective or objective reasons, which further produce a series of serious trust-aware service evaluation problems, including service quality data sparsity and lack of feedback incentive. In view of this, we summarize the challenging issues existing in the current research field of trusted mobile edge service evaluation. Afterward, we review the current research status of the trusted service evaluation in the mobile edge environment and discuss one of the typical application scenarios based on trusted service evaluation, that is, recommender systems, as well as their diverse categories. We believe this research could be helpful in assisting a mobile edge platform to build a trusted reputation system for various smart applications hosted in the mobile edge platform.

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