scholarly journals Determinants of Open Defecation in the Wa Municipality of Ghana: Empirical Findings Highlighting Sociocultural and Economic Dynamics among Households

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Issaka Kanton Osumanu ◽  
Enoch Akwasi Kosoe ◽  
Frank Ategeeng
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Logit ◽  
Open Defecation ◽  
Toilet Facility ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Credit Financing ◽  
Traditional Norms ◽  
Wa Municipality ◽  
Public Toilets ◽  
Method Approach ◽  
At Home

This study examined sociocultural and economic factors determining open defecation in the Wa Municipality, Ghana. The study employed a mixed method approach involving questionnaire administration to 367 households systematically selected from 21 communities, observation, and eight key informant interviews. The mixed logit model was used to determine the factors that significantly influence open defecation. The findings revealed that 49.8% of households had no form of toilet facility at home and were either using communal/public toilets or practicing open defecation. Several sociocultural and economic reasons account for this. But for these households, having a toilet facility at home does not seem to be a priority. Six factors (education, household size, occupation, income, traditional norms, and beliefs and ownership of a toilet facility) were positively significant in determining open defecation. Fundamental to many of the significant factors is households’ capacity to finance construction of home toilets. In addition to finding new and innovative approaches to public education, the principle of credit financing, that incorporates community-led initiatives, may be considered in assisting households to construct home toilets.

Faecal sludge management in low income areas: a case study of three districts in the Ashanti region of Ghana

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Appiah-Effah ◽  
Kwabena Biritwum Nyarko ◽  
Samuel Fosu Gyasi ◽  
Esi Awuah
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sludge Management ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ashanti Region ◽  
Toilet Facility ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Public Toilets ◽  
Faecal Sludge

The challenge of faecal sludge management (FSM) in most developing countries is acute, particularly in low income areas. This study examined the management of faecal sludge (FS) from household latrines and public toilets in three districts in the Ashanti region of Ghana based on household surveys, key informant interviews and field observations. Communities did not have designated locations for the disposal and treatment of FS. For household toilets, about 31 and 42% of peri-urban and rural respondents, respectively, with their toilets full reported that they did not consider manual or mechanical desludging as an immediate remedy, although pits were accessible. Households rather preferred to close and abandon their toilets and use public toilets at a fee or practise open defecation. For the public toilets, desludging was manually carried out at a fee of GHC 800–1,800 and the process usually lasted 8–14 days per toilet facility. The study showed that FSM has not been adequately catered for in both peri-urban and rural areas. However, respondents from the peri-urban areas relatively manage their FS better than their rural counterparts. To address the poor FSM in the study communities, a decentralized FS composting is a potential technology that could be used.

scholarly journals Examining citizens’ trust in local government institutions: a focus on upazila parishads (sub-district councils) in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 136-145
Author(s):  
Niaz Ahmed Khan ◽  
Jannatul Ferdous ◽  
Md Imran Hossain Bhuiyan
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Official Document ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Method Approach ◽  
Government Institution ◽  
Modern Technologies ◽  
Limited Scope

Against a backdrop of strikingly limited research on the subject, this article examines citizens’ trust in upazila parishads (UzPs) – a historically significant form of local government institution (LGI) in Bangladesh. A set of indicators has been developed that help to evaluate citizens’ trust in these LGIs. Alongside secondary literature and official document reviews, a mixed-method approach was adopted for empirical data collection combining quantitative (a questionnaire targeting a cross-section of service recipients) and qualitative ( key informant interviews with LGI service providers) methods. The results revealed a poor level of citizen trust in UzPs, as the majority of respondents expressed dissatisfaction with their performance. This low level of citizens’ trust was attributable to such reasons as delays in service delivery, dishonest and unfair practices, and disrespectful treatment by service providers. From a ‘supply-side’ perspective, service providers mentioned many constraints to good performance including the challenge of meeting growing demand with inadequate resources, frequent staff transfers, limited scope for training on modern technologies, and pressure and interference from influential elites.

scholarly journals PENGENTASAN SURABAYA BEBAS ODF DENGAN MEMBERIKAN PERCONTOHAN WC ANTI BAU DAN ANTI PENUH DI KELURAHAN JAGIR WONOKROMO

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Herry Agoes Hermadi ◽  
Sunaryo Hadi Warsito
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Closed Channel ◽  
Service Program ◽  
Open Defecation ◽  
Septic Tanks ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Public Toilets ◽  
Sense Of Shame

The aim of the 2019 KKN BBM Community Service Program is to overcome the problems found in the Surabaya Urban area Jagir Wonokromo, namely the low capacity of the people's economic income, low knowledge and understanding of environmental management, environmental hygiene, especially health, defecation, which deserves to be called ODF. (open defecation free) which only uses public toilets in a small closed channel this seems the same as ODF. The solution is for the residents to be able to overcome ODF problems. Training and mentoring are conducted by KKN students in how the methods and methods carried out in communities that have been developed are used for deodorizing and at the same time destroying human excrement as a biofermentor that will be inserted into septic tanks containing feces so that the process of crushing the stool quickly and immediately eliminating pungent odors and circulating septic tanks into groundwater and not polluting the environment. With the pilot of Anti-Odor and Anti-Fully WC in Jagir Wonokromo Kelurahan, it is expected that there will be a change in the low level of knowledge and understanding of environmental management and environmental cleanliness, especially the health of defecation methods that are worth mentioning as not yet ODF which only uses closed public lavatories. As a solution is the Citizens to be able to overcome the ODF problem by building a toilet independently later and will have a sense of shame and obedience to environmental cleanliness.AbstrakTujuan Program Pengabdian Masyarakat KKN BBM 2019 ini adalah untuk mengatasi masalah yang dijumpai di daerah Perkotaan Surabaya Kelurahan Jagir Wonokromo, yaitu rendahnya kapasitas pendapatan ekonomi warga, rendahnya akan pengetahuan dan pemahaman tentang pengelolaan lingkungan kebersihan lingkungan terutama kesehatan cara buang air besar yang layak disebut belum ODF (open defecation free) yang hanya menggunakan wc umum secara tertutup kesaluran kecil hal ini nampaknya sama saja dengan ODF. Sebagai solusinya adalah Warga untuk dapat mengatasi masalah ODF. Dilakukan pelatihan dan pendampingan oleh mahaswiswa KKN bagamana cara dan metoda yang dilakukan di masyarakat yang sudah berkembang digunakkan penghilang bau dan sekaligus penghancur kotoran Manusia sebagai biofermentor yang akan dimasukkan kedalam septic tank yang berisi tinja agar terjadi proses penghancuran tinja secara cepat dan langsung menghilangkan bau yang menyengat dan mengalirkkan septik tank ke dalam air tanah dan tidak mencemari lingkungan. Dengan adanya percontohan WC Anti Bau Dan Anti Penuh Di Kelurahan Jagir Wonokromo di harapkan terjadi perubahan rendahnya akan pengetahuan dan pemahaman tentang pengelolaan lingkungan k3ebersihan lingkungan terutama kesehatan cara buang air besar yang layak disebut belum ODF yang hanya menggunakan wc umum secara tertutup. Sebagai solusinya adalah Warga untuk dapat  mengatasi masalah odf dengan melakukan pembangunan wc secra mandiri kelak dan akan mempunyai rasa malu dan patuh terhadap kebersihan lingkungan.

scholarly journals Destinations of Male Outmigration and their Drivers in Indian Sundarbans

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-142
Author(s):  
Shatabdi Saha ◽  
Rupak Goswami
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Stage ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Support Networks ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Fixed Condition ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Migration Chronology ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Method Approach

Economic liberalisation has created opportunities for semi-skilled labours within and outside India. This study investigates the male out-migration from the Sundarbans region of India with special reference to the choice of their destinations. Following a mixed-method approach, we collected data through a questionnaire survey, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, key-informant interviews, and Participatory Rural Appraisal. Analyses revealed that migrants tended to travel to diverse inland and even to overseas destinations on a fixed condition, facilitated by pre-existing support networks. The decision on choosing a destination is regulated by several micro-level determinants such as migration chronology, education, and acquired skill, life cycle stage of the migrants, the expected amount of remittance, the reason for migration, and nature of the job at the destination. The destinations abroad are often preceded by migration to inland destinations leading to higher acquired skill and savings. Joint families, having the ability to support international travel and access to support networks, were more prone to reach international destinations.

scholarly journals The manifestation of street safety and security as spatial (in)justice in selected small rural towns of Vhembe District, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Wendy Wadzanayi Tsoriyo ◽  
◽  
Emaculate Ingwani ◽  
James Chakwizira ◽  
Peter Bikam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Spatial Justice ◽  
Local Municipalities ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Vhembe District ◽  
Method Approach

Safe and secure street spaces for pedestrians translate to spatially just urban environments. This study examined pedestrians’ safety and security elements on street spaces in three selected Small Rural Towns (SRTs) in South Africa and assessed the users’ physical perceptions of street safety and security in SRTs and their implications on spatial (in)justice. Forty-three street spaces from three SRTs in South Africa were purposively sampled and assessed in this study. The study adopted a mixed-method approach and a street safety spatial (in)justice case study survey design. Data were collected through key informant interviews, a questionnaire survey and observations. The distribution of safety and security elements across the studied 43 street spaces reflect the existence of justices and injustices concurrently. Users’ theoretical perception of the meaning of street safety differs significantly from their actual experiences. The study recommends that the design and management of streets be informed by users’ vision of street safety and security and innovative project financing strategies by local municipalities to ensure spatial justice on street spaces.

PROBLEMATIKA PENGEMBANGAN KEPRIBADIAN GURU DI SD MUHAMMADIYAH BENDO KALIBAWANG KULON PROGO, DIY

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
Rosyidatul Afifah ◽  
Heni Rahmawati ◽  
Risma Aulia Inayah ◽  
Difa’ul Husna
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Student Work ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Teacher Personality ◽  
Home And School ◽  
At Home ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

This study aims to determine the problems in the personality development of teachers at SD Muhammadiyah Bendo Kalibawang Kulon Progo. The approach used is a descriptive qualitative approach. The focus of this research is the problems faced by teachers in the development of personality competencies in schools. The subjects of this study were principals and teachers at SD Muhammadiyah Bendo Kalibawang Kulon Progo. Methods in data collection using documentation and interviews with principals and teachers at SD Muhammadiyah Bendo Kalibawang Kulon Progo. Documentation techniques are used to find data on matters in the form of transcripts, notes, newspapers, books, meeting minutes, and others. Meanwhile, interviews were conducted to explore verbal or qualitative data obtained from key informant sources. The results showed that the problems faced by teachers in personality development at SD Muhammadiyah Bendo Kalibawang Kulon Progo are because they are still carried by their personalities from birth. In addition, lack of confidence in expressing opinions, lack of time discipline, lack of appreciation for student work, and difficulty separating problems at home and school are also problems in teacher personality development. Based on this research, it can be concluded that the problematic personality development of teachers at SD Muhammadiyah Bendo Kalibawang can be improved by evaluation and coaching so that the personality competence of teachers who are responsible, authoritative, mature, stable and others can be obtained.Keywords: Personality, Education, Competence.

Performed Interventions, and Public Claims: A Study of Solid Waste Management by Khadak Municipality

Patan Pragya ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-102
Author(s):  
Abhiyan K.C.
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Baseline Assessment ◽  
Social Construct ◽  
Management Intervention ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Municipal Waste Management ◽  
Key Informant Interview ◽  
Method Approach

This paper is outcome of baseline research based on assessment of intervention performed by Khadak Municipality, and of individual/public claims. An assessment is carried out from institutional perspectives, as well as from perspective of shared social construct of reality. For the baseline assessment of municipal waste management of current situation of bio-degradable and non- bio-degradable waste management system of Khadak Municipality, mix method approach was followed. Questionnaire, key informant interview (KII), focus group discussion (FGDs) as methods were applied to generate data/information. Collected data/information was entered in database developed on MS excel, analysed, and interpreted descriptively. From the wider theoretical horizon: institutional and shared social construct, when observed empirically, the waste management intervention arranged and performed by municipality is insufficient, and ineffective, which corresponds a shared social claims in a municipality.  

scholarly journals Maranao Ethnobiology of G’nda/Chives (Allium schoenoprasum)

2019 ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Intesar T.Aba-Conding ◽  
Annabella G. Villarino
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Knowledge ◽  
New World ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Allium Schoenoprasum ◽  
At Home

Allium schoenoprasum, commonly called chives or G’nda by the Maranaos, is a small bulbous perennial known for its culinary and ornamental utility. The herb can be easily grown in average, medium, well-drained soils in full sun to part shade and is a native to both the Old and the New World. The current study is an investigation on the Traditional Ethnobiological Knowledge (TEK) of Maranaos on the commonly used chives. Aimed at finding out the uses of Chives among Maranaos, ethnography design, participant observation and key informant interviews based on semi-structured questionnaires were then employed. A total of thirty five (35) respondents coming from MSU – Marawi City, and from the municipalities of Piagapo and Masiu, all in Lanao del Sur participated. Among the respondents, five (5) were traditional healers aged 60-90 years old and thirty (30) TEK knowledgeable woman aged 20-50 years old. There were 16.67% female participants from MSU- Marawi, 50% from municipalities of Piagapo and 33.33% from Masiu. Findings of the study showed that Maranao traditional ethnobiological knowledge is very unique and that Maranaos believed that chives are more powerful than medical practitioners during childbirth. Healers would administer chives during labor of a parturating woman and even to thwart of spirits and to cure headaches. Respondents divulged that most Maranao woman when about to give birth prefers giving birth at home in the presence of chives and its associated rituals. Other findings showed that Maranaos have rich traditional knowledge using not only plants but also animals but this knowledge is yet to be documented. In view of the aforementioned findings, it is recommended that there shall be proper exploration, documentation and conservation of the traditional ethnobiological knowledge of the Maranaos.

scholarly journals FENOMENA CASHLESS SOCIETY DALAM PANDEMI COVID-19 (KAJIAN INTERAKSI SIMBOLIK PADA GENERASI MILENIAL)

Jurnal Signal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Firman Katon ◽  
Ulfa Yuniati
Keyword(s):  
New Normal ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
At Home

Adanya resiko terinfeksi virus corona dalam bertransaksi keuangan secara langsung menjadi kekhawatiran masyarakat dalam setiap aktivitas pembelian. Sehingga masyarakat memilih menggunakan transaksi keuangan tanpa kontak dengan melakukan pembayaran melalui aplikasi dompet digital. Penggunaan aplikasi dompet digital saat pandemi Covid-19 dan adanya kebijakan di rumah saja (stay at home) mengarah kepada cashless society. Cashless society adalah sebutan yang merujuk pada masyarakat yang dalam bertransaksi, tidak lagi menggunakan uang fisik, melainkan melalui perpindahan informasi finansial secara digital. Dalam bertransaksi sehari-hari, masyarakat tidak menggunakan uang nyata, melainkan uang digital. Transaksi keuangan tanpa kontak dan jarak jauh saat pandemi tampaknya menjadi cara yang disukai untuk menyelesaikan berbagai hal. OVO merupakan salah satu cara dalam bertransaksi yang aman dan juga terbebas dari virus terutama penyakit COVID-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana motif dalam menggunakan OVO dan interaksi (termasuk mind, self, society) yang dilakukan oleh mahasiswa Universitas Muhammadiyah Bandung selama pandemi COVID-19. Jenis penelitian ini termasuk penelitian kualitatif yng menggunakan metode penelitian fenomenologi dengan pendekatan interaksi simbolik.  Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, metode observasi non-partisipan pada 15 key informant mahasiswa Universitas Muhammadiyah Bandung. Hasil penelitian menunjukan motif dalam penggunaan aplikasi OVO yaitu pada shopping dan relaxation. Interaksi yang terjadi mengacu pada konsep mind, self, society adalah generasi milenial (mahasiswa UMBandung) menggunakan transaksi OVO selama pandemi Covid-19 cenderung ke perilaku gaya hidup baru sebagai bentuk kemudahan layanan masyarakat untuk mengurangi resiko terinfeksi virus corona. Penelitian selanjutnya dapat fokus pada hubungan perilaku dan adaptasi penggunaan dompet digital di era new normal pandemic Covid-19.Kata-kata Kunci: cashless society, dompet digital, interaksi simbolik, milenial, COVID-19

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