scholarly journals Effects of Twin Inclined Plane Device on Adaptation and Ultrastructure Variations in Condyle of Growing Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Shuo Wang ◽  
Yuhong Sun ◽  
Lulu Xia ◽  
Hanyue Li ◽  
Yan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Type Ii Collagen ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Inclined Plane ◽  
Growing Rats ◽  
Osteoclastic Activity ◽  
Experimental Group

Objective. This study investigates the effects of using a twin inclined plane device (TIPD) on the remolding and ultrastructure variation of mandibular condyle in growing rats. Materials and Methods. Forty-eight male Wistar rats (six weeks old, body weight of approximately 190–210 g) were divided into experimental group (wearing appliance, n = 32) and control group (no appliance, n = 16). Samples were collected on days 3, 14, 30, and 60. The immunohistochemical analysis for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and type II collagen was carried out. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) reaction was performed to evaluate the osteoclastic activity. Three-dimensional morphometric images were reconstructed for morphometric analysis by microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). The ultrastructure of the condylar surface was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results. The expression of VEGF significantly increased, while the expression of type II collagen decreased in the experimental group at days 30 and 60. Furthermore, the enhanced osteoclast activity was observed under the subchondral bone, which was highest at day 30, and decreased to the lowest at day 60 in the experimental group. In addition, adaptive subchondral bone remolding in the posterior part of the condyle was observed at day 60 in the experimental group, and the SEM revealed the ultrastructure variations after installation of the TIPD. However, these changes began to reverse after 30 days. Conclusion. Condylar tissue changes point to the osteoclastic activity in the posterior region of the condyle. These adaptive changes point to bone resorption in the posterior condyle. Type II collagen and VEGF contribute to the MCC remolding induced by the TIPD. The ultrastructural changes in the posterior condylar area in response to mechanical stresses are recoverable at the initial stage.

scholarly journals Effects of low occlusal loading on the neuromuscular behavioral development of cortically-elicited jaw movements in growing rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phyo Thura Aung ◽  
Chiho Kato ◽  
Akiyo Fujita ◽  
Yasunori Abe ◽  
Takuya Ogawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Part ◽  
Movement Pattern ◽  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Jaw Movements ◽  
Growing Rats ◽  
Gape Size ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract The effect of altered occlusal force on masticatory-related neuromuscular control, which projects from the anterior part of the cortical masticatory area (A-CMA), during growth remains unclear. This study sought to evaluate the effect of occlusal hypofunction on neuromuscular development of jaw muscle activities and cortically-induced rhythmic jaw movements (RJMs) in growing rats. Sixty-four two-week-old male albino Wistar rats were divided into the control (fed normal diet) and experimental (fed soft diet) groups soon after weaning. Electromyographic activity was recorded at 5, 7, 9, and 11 weeks from the right masseter and anterior digastric along with RJMs. We found a significantly longer onset latency and smaller peak-to-peak amplitude in the experimental group than that in the control group. The RJMs showed an increase in gape size and lateral excursion until up to 9 weeks in both groups. However, both the average gape size and lateral excursion were significantly smaller in the experimental group than that in the control group after 9 weeks. The jaw movement pattern also showed a significant decrease at the maximum opening period in the experimental group. Our findings indicate that inadequate occlusal function during growth alters neuromuscular control of masticatory behaviors and impairs the pattern of RJMs.

scholarly journals EFFECTIVENESS OF AMLA JUICE IN REDUCING BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL AMONG PATIENTS WITH TYPE II DIABETES IN A SELECTED AREA OF KANYAKUMARI DISTRICT

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mrs. Vanitha. S s ◽  
Dr. Pramjit kaur
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Experimental Group

Challenges in lifestyle, such as increasesin energy intake and decreasesin physical activity are causing overweight and obesity leading to epidemic increases in type II Diabetes Mellitus. The research approach used for this study was evaluative approach and the research design was true experimental design. 60 patients with type II diabetes, 30 in experimental group and 30 in control group were selected for this study by using purposive sampling technique. Data was collected with the help of self-structured interview schedule. Descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (chi-square, paired ‘t’ test) were used to analyse the data and to test the hypotheses. In the experimental group,the pre-test mean score was 2.966, mean percentage was 59% and standard deviation was 1.129 and in post-testmean score was 2.533, mean percentage was 50.66% and standard deviation was 1.074 with effectiveness of 8.34% and paired‘t’ test value of t=3.971,which was statistically significant (p<0.05) which is an evidence ofthe effectiveness of Amla juice in reducing blood glucose level. Comparison of blood glucose levels in experimental and control groups, shows that the value is statistically highly significant, as was observed from the unpaired ‘t’ test value of 13.39 with P value of <0.05, which is an evidence indicatingthe effect of Amla juice in reducing postprandial blood glucose levels. The resultsfound that the administration of Amla juice did have aneffect in reducing blood glucose level in the experimental group. By comparing the findings of pre-test and post test between the experimental group and the control group,the effect was identified (assessed). The study concluded that the Amlajuice is effective in reducing blood glucose level.

scholarly journals Implications of Aerobic Exercises and Walking Parallel to Diabetes Medications on Diabetic Sportspersons

2021 ◽  
pp. 197-204
Author(s):  
Fehmida Ayub ◽  
Abida Naseer ◽  
Saeed Javed ◽  
Adnan Asghar ◽  
Abd Rahim Mohd Shariff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Blood Glucose Control ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Spare Time ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

Objective: Diabetes have a central contribution with type I or type II towards the healthy lifestyles of sportspersons. Aerobic exercise and daily walking stay them fit and control their glucose levels in their bloodstream. The aim of this study was to find out the effects of aerobic exercises and walk on the sportspersons of type I and II diabetes. Methodology: The existing research has experimental design itself wherein pre-tests and post-tests were employed to make sure the novelty of results. The data was collected from the diabetic sportspersons dividing them equally into control group (N-20) and experimental group (N-20). Both groups had type I (N-20) and type II (N-20) diabetic individuals. Aerobic exercise and walk protocol was applied for six weeks on experimental group, whereas, control group continued their routine activities. Afterwards, the data was collected through pre and post treatments and edited into SPSS (v-26). The collected data was analyzed through descriptive statistics using frequencies and percentages, whereas, T-test was applied to make the differences of pre and post treatments. Results: The findings has shown that aerobic exercises and walk decrease the higher levels of glucose in blood and enable to stable glycemic balance, weight loss maintenance, decrease insulin resistance, blood pressure decrease, and blood glucose control. Conclusion: The prominent differences were observed between control and experimental groups either type I or type II. It was concluded that the sportspersons may reduce the excessive glucose engaging in aerobic exercises and walk on daily basis rather than using medications. They should spend their happy lives and get rid of medications and insulin through spending their spare time using light exercises and maintain their glucose levels in blood as well.

Experimental Study on Construction of Tissue Engineered Bone by Autologous Oxygen Release Nano-Bionic Scaffold Combined with Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Induced Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1254-1260
Author(s):  
Fei Wang ◽  
Hongfang Wei ◽  
Chengdong Hu ◽  
Dongfeng Li ◽  
Xiwei Huo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Type Ii Collagen ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Oxygen Release ◽  
Fracture Group ◽  
Bionic Scaffold ◽  
Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are used for bone tissue engineering. BMP-2 and autologous oxygen-releasing nano-bionic scaffolds promote bone differentiation of BMSCs. Our study intends to evaluate the role of autologous oxygen-releasing nano-bionic scaffolds combined with BMP-2-induced BMSCs in the construction of tissue engineered bone. Rat BMSCs were isolated and transfected with NC (negative control group) and BMP-2 (BMP-2 plasmid group), respectively. Healthy male SD rats were randomly and equally divided into fracture group, negative control group and the BMP-2 group which was implanted with autologous oxygen-releasing nano-bionic scaffolds to synthesize BMSCs and transfected with BMP-2 plasmids respectively followed by analysis of osteophytes growth, ALP activity, expression of BMP-2, type II collagen, Runx2 and OC by real time PCR, TGF-β1 secretion by ELISA and BMP-2 protein expression by western blot. BMSCs induced by autologous oxygen release nano-bionic scaffold combined with BMP-2 can significantly promote the increase of bone mineral density, increase the expression of Runx2 and OC, promote ALP activity, upregulate type II collagen, BMP-2 mRNA and protein, and TGF-β1 secretion compared to fracture group (P < 0.05). The BMSCs induced by autologous oxygen-releasing nanobionic scaffolds transfected with BMP-2 had a more significant effect on bone repair. Autologous oxygen-releasing nano-bionic scaffolds combined with BMP-2-induced BMSCs can promote bone healing by regulating BMP-2 and increasing osteogenesis at the bone defect.

scholarly journals Cartilage Protective and Chondrogenic Capacity of WIN-34B, a New Herbal Agent, in the Collagenase-Induced Osteoarthritis Rabbit Model and in Progenitor Cells from Subchondral Bone

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeong-Eun Huh ◽  
Yeon-Cheol Park ◽  
Byung-Kwan Seo ◽  
Jae-Dong Lee ◽  
Yong-Hyeon Baek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Cartilage Repair ◽  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Chondrogenic Differentiation ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Type Ii Collagen ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Type Ii

We sought to determine the cartilage repair capacity of WIN-34B in the collagenase-induced osteoarthritis rabbit model and in progenitor cells from subchondral bone. The cartilage protective effect of WIN-34B was measured by clinical and histological scores, cartilage area, and proteoglycan and collagen contents in the collagenase-induced osteoarthritis rabbit model. The efficacy of chondrogenic differentiation of WIN-34B was assessed by expression of CD105, CD73, type II collagen, and aggrecanin vivoand was analyzed by the surface markers of progenitor cells, the mRNA levels of chondrogenic marker genes, and the level of proteoglycan, GAG, and type II collagenin vitro. Oral administration of WIN-34B significantly increased cartilage area, and this was associated with the recovery of proteoglycan and collagen content. Moreover, WIN-34B at 200 mg/kg significantly increased the expression of CD105, CD73, type II collagen, and aggrecan compared to the vehicle group. WIN-34B markedly enhanced the chondrogenic differentiation of CD105 and type II collagen in the progenitor cells from subchondral bone. Also, we confirmed that treatment with WIN-34B strongly increased the number of SH-2(CD105) cells and expression type II collagen in subchondral progenitor cells. Moreover, WIN-34B significantly increased proteoglycan, as measured by alcian blue staining; the mRNA level of type IIα1 collagen, cartilage link protein, and aggrecan; and the inhibition of cartilage matrix molecules, such as GAG and type II collagen, in IL-1β-treated progenitor cells. These findings suggest that WIN-34B could be a potential candidate for effective anti-osteoarthritic therapy with cartilage repair as well as cartilage protection via enhancement of chondrogenic differentiation in the collagenase-induced osteoarthritis rabbit model and progenitor cells from subchondral bone.

Morphological Assessment of MACI Grafts in Patients with Revision Surgery and Total Joint Arthroplasty

Cartilage ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 194760351989075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aswin Beck ◽  
David Wood ◽  
Christopher J. Vertullo ◽  
Jay Ebert ◽  
Greg Janes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cartilage Repair ◽  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Revision Surgery ◽  
Total Joint Arthroplasty ◽  
Type Ii Collagen ◽  
Joint Arthroplasty ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Osteophyte Formation ◽  
Repair Tissue

Objective To compare the histological and immunohistochemical characteristics of matrix-assisted chondrocyte implantation (MACI) grafts between patients with revision surgery and patients with total joint arthroplasty. Methods Biopsies of MACI grafts from patients with revision and total joint arthroplasty. The graft tissue characteristics and subchondral bone were examined by qualitative histology, ICRS (International Cartilage Repair Society) II scoring and semiquantitative immunohistochemistry using antibodies specific to type I and type II collagen. Results A total of 31 biopsies were available, 10 undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and 21 patients undergoing revision surgery. Patients in the clinically failed group were significantly older (46.3 years) than patients in the revision group (36.6 years) ( P = 0.007). Histologically, the predominant tissue in both groups was of fibrocartilaginous nature, although a higher percentage of specimens in the revision group contained a hyaline-like repair tissue. The percentages of type I collagen (52.9% and 61.0%) and type II collagen (66.3% and 42.2%) were not significantly different between clinically failed and revised MACI, respectively. The talar dome contained the best and patella the worst repair tissue. Subchondral bone pathology was present in all clinically failed patients and consisted of bone marrow lesions, including edema, necrosis and fibrosis, intralesional osteophyte formation, subchondral bone plate elevation, intralesional osteophyte formation, subchondral bone cyst formation, or combinations thereof. Conclusions MACI grafts in patients with revision and total joint arthroplasty were predominantly fibrocartilage in repair type, did not differ in composition and were histologically dissimilar to healthy cartilage. Clinically failed cases showed evidence of osteochondral unit failure, rather than merely cartilage repair tissue failure. The role of the subchondral bone in relation to pain and failure and the pathogenesis warrants further investigation.

BIOCHEMICAL PREDICTORS OF CARTILAGINOUS TISSUE METABOLIC DISORDERS FOR EARLY OSTEOARTHROSIS EVIDENCE DIAGNOSTICS

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
E. V. Gladkova
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Renal Excretion ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Hyaline Cartilage ◽  
Type Ii Collagen ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Radiological Methods ◽  
Early Oa

The complete laboratory and clinical instrumental examination was conducted, it included serum COMP test, circadian excretion of type II collagen C-terminal telopeptides Urine CartiLaps (СТХ II) and Т2 relaxometry in 29 patients of both sexes of the main group with early (0-I) X-ray osteoarthrosis stages, 30 subjects of comparison group with no X-ray osteoarthrosis evidences aged 44.7±5.9 years and 25 healthy subjects aged 26.3±2.6 years of the control group. The increase (р<0,05) of COMP and Urine CartiLaps levels as well as the increase of Т2 relaxation signal was found at early osteoarthrosis evidences. It was proven that there was (р<0.01) a connection (R=0.8) between COMP and Urine CTX II levels as well as (р<0.05) results of Т2 relaxometry (R=0.8). It was proven that collagen anisotropy and formation of chondromalacia areas as Т2 relaxometry showed in patients with early OA evidences were connected with accumulation of serum COMP and increase of type II collagen circadian renal excretion. The combination of laboratory and radiological methods of articular hyaline cartilage assessment may be used for finding early osteoarthrosis stages.

scholarly journals Condylar Degradation from Decreased Occlusal Loading following Masticatory Muscle Atrophy

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhan Shi ◽  
Jin Lv ◽  
Liu Xiaoyu ◽  
Li Wu Zheng ◽  
Xue-wen Yang
Keyword(s):  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Masticatory Muscles ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Condylar Cartilage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Soft Diet

Objective. The masticatory muscles are the most important contributor to bite force, and the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) receives direct occlusal loading. The present study aimed to investigate condylar remodeling after masseter muscle atrophy in rats.Methods. Sixty 5-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the following 3 groups: the control group, soft diet (SD) group, and botulinum toxin (BTX) group. The cross-sectional area (CSA) of the masseter muscles was investigated as well as atrogin-1/MuRF-1 expression. Changes in the condylar head were evaluated by H-E, toluidine blue staining, and contour measurements. The biomechanical sensitive factors PTHrP Ihh, Col2a1, and ColX of condylar cartilage were detected by immunohistochemical staining and western blotting. Furthermore, micro-CT and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining were performed to determine the osteopenia in subchondral bone.Results. The histological and protein analysis demonstrated muscle hypofunction in the SD and BTX groups. Condylar cartilage contour was diminished due to different treatments; the immunohistochemistry and protein examination showed that the expressions of PTHrP, Ihh, Col2a1, and ColX were suppressed in condylar cartilage. A steady osteoporosis in subchondral bone was found only in the BTX group.Conclusion. The current results suggested that a steady relationship between muscular dysfunction and condylar remodeling exists.

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