scholarly journals Photobiomodulation by a 635nm Diode Laser on Peri-Implant Bone: Primary and Secondary Stability and Bone Density Analysis—A Randomized Clinical Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Matys ◽  
Katarzyna Świder ◽  
Kinga Grzech-Leśniak ◽  
Marzena Dominiak ◽  
Umberto Romeo
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Laser Irradiation ◽  
Diode Laser ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Implant Stability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Secondary Stability

Introduction. Various procedures in dental implantology are performed to enhance the bone healing process and implant stability. One of these methods can be a low-level laser therapy (LLLT).Objectives. The aim of our study was to evaluate the stabilization (primary and secondary) and bone density in peri-implant zone after LLLT protocol using a 635 nm diode laser.Material and Methods. The research included 40 implants placed in the posterior region of a mandible in 24 patients (8 women and 16 man; age: 46.7 ± 8.7 years). The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups G1 (n=12, 18 implants) and G2 (n=12, 22 implants) according to the treatment procedure; G1 (test): 635 nm laser, with handpiece diameter: 8mm, output power: 100mW, spot area: 0.5024cm2, average power density: 199.04mW/cm2, continuous mode, dose: 4J per point (8J/cm2), time: 40 sec per point, 2 points (irradiation on a buccal and a lingual side of the alveolus/implant), and total energy per session 8J; G2 (control): no laser irradiation. The G1 (test) group’s implants were irradiated according to the following protocol: 1 day before surgery, immediately after the surgery and 2, 4, 7, and 14 days after. The total energy after all therapeutic sessions was 48J. The implants stability was measured employing a Periotest device (Periotest Test Value: PTV) (measured immediately after the surgery, 7 days, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 2 and 3 months after the surgery) and the bone density using cone-beam computed tomography (grayscale value) (measured immediately after the surgery, 4 weeks and 12 weeks after the treatment).Results. The average implant stability at different time points showed lower PTV value (higher stability) at2ndand4thweek after 635 nm laser irradiation (G1) compared with a control (G2) group (p<0.01). The secondary stability of the implants after 12 weeks observation was not significantly higher for the laser group in contrast to none-irradiated implants (p>0.05). The mean grayscale value at the apical, middle, and cervical level of the titanium implants showed the reduction of pixel grayscale value after 2 weeks and was lower for the G1 group in contrast to the G2 group (p<0.01). The value of grayscale after 12 weeks was significantly higher at the middle and apical level of the implants in the G1group in contrast to the G2 group (p<0.01).Conclusion. The application of the 635 nm diode laser enhanced secondary implant stability and bone density. However, to assess the impact of the LLLT on peri-implant bone with different bone densities, further well-controlled long-term trials on larger study groups are needed.

scholarly journals Low-Level Laser Therapy with a 635 nm Diode Laser Affects Orthodontic Mini-Implants Stability: A Randomized Clinical Split-Mouth Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafał Flieger ◽  
Tomasz Gedrange ◽  
Kinga Grzech-Leśniak ◽  
Marzena Dominiak ◽  
Jacek Matys
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Laser Irradiation ◽  
Diode Laser ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Laser Application ◽  
Pain Level ◽  
Mini Implants ◽  
Attached Gingiva ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Secondary Stability

Background: The study aimed to clinically estimate an influence of a 635 nm diode laser on the stability of orthodontic mini-implants, to assess mini-implants loss, and to evaluate a pain level after the treatment. Materials and Methods: The randomized clinical split-mouth trial included 20 subjects (13 women and 7 men; age: 32.5 ± 6.1 years), 40 implants (RMO, West Colfax Ave., Denver, CO, USA) with a diameter 1.4 mm and length of 10 mm. Mini-implants were placed in the area of the attached gingiva between the second premolar and first molar teeth, 2 mm below the mucogingival junction of both sides of the maxilla. Each implant on the right side (G1, n = 20) of the maxilla was irradiated with a diode laser, and the implants on the opposite side (left, G2, n = 20) were a control group (without laser irradiation). The 635-nm laser parameters; dose: 10 J per point (20 J/cm2), time: 100 s per point, two points (irradiation on a buccal, and a palatal side of the alveolus/implant), the total energy per session 20 J. Laser application protocol: immediately and 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 30 days after surgery. The total energy after all therapeutic sessions was 140 J. The implants’ stability was measured employing a Periotest device (Periotest Test Value—PTV) immediately and 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 30, and 60 days after the insertion of the mini-implants. Results: We found significantly higher secondary stability, lower mean PTV (6.18 ± 5.30) and (1.51 ± 2.25), for self-drilling mini-implants (G1, test group) in contrast to the control, G2 group (9.17 ± 8.25) and (5.00 ± 3.24), after 30 (p = 0.0003) and 60 days (p = 0.0000). Moreover, the analysis of the mini-implants stability after 635-nm diode laser application revealed significant higher stability in comparison with none irradiated implants (G2 group) after 3 days. (p = 0.0000) There was no significant difference in pain level measured on the NRS-11 scale on both sides of the maxilla. (p = 0.3665) An important finding was that all inserted mini-implants survived during a two-month observation period. Conclusions: 635-nm diode laser at laser irradiation increases the secondary stability of orthodontic mini-implants.

Developing Stability of Posterior Mandibular Implants Placed With Osteotome Expansion Technique Compared With Conventional Drilling Techniques

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yen-Ting Lin ◽  
Adrienne Hong ◽  
Ying-Chin Peng ◽  
Hsiang-Hsi Hong
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Primary Stability ◽  
Conventional Technique ◽  
Implant Stability ◽  
Implant Stability Quotient ◽  
Expansion Technique ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Conventional Drilling ◽  
Secondary Stability

Clinical decisions regarding the stability and osseointegration of mandibular implants positioned using the bone expansion techniques are conflicting and limited. The objective was to evaluate the stability of implants placed using 2 surgical techniques, selected according to the initial width of the mandibular posterior edentulous ridge, with D3 bone density, during a 12-week period. Fifty-eight implants in 33 patients were evaluated. Thirty-two implants in 24 patients were positioned using the osteotome expansion technique, and 26 fixtures in 17 patients were installed using the conventional drilling technique. The implant stability quotient values were recorded at weeks 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 postsurgery and evaluated using analysis of variance, independent, and paired t tests. Calibrated according to the stability reading of a 3.3-mm diameter implant, the osteotome expansion group was associated with a lower bone density than the conventional group (64.96 ± 6.25 vs 68.98 ± 5.06, P = .011). The osteotome expansion group achieved a comparable primary stability (ISQb-0, P = .124) and greater increases in secondary stability (ISQb-12, P = .07) than did the conventional technique. A D3 quality ridge with mild horizontal deficiency is expandable by using the osteotome expansion technique. Although the 2 groups presented similar implant stability quotient readings during the study period, the osteotome expansion technique showed significant improvement in secondary stability. The healing patterns for these techniques are therefore inconsistent.

scholarly journals The Efficacy of a Diode Laser on Titanium Implants for the Reduction of Microorganisms That Cause Periimplantitis

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 7215
Author(s):  
Anna Wawrzyk ◽  
Michał Łobacz ◽  
Agnieszka Adamczuk ◽  
Weronika Sofińska-Chmiel ◽  
Mansur Rahnama
Keyword(s):  
Laser Irradiation ◽  
Diode Laser ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Laser Wavelength ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Streptococcus Constellatus ◽  
Surface Optical ◽  
Irradiation Process

The paper presents the optimisation of a safe diode laser irradiation process applied to the surface of titanium implants in order to reduce microbial numbers in the treatment of inflammation classified as periimplantitis. The study comprised isolation and identification of microorganisms inhabiting surfaces of dental implants, crowns, teeth and saliva from patients with fully symptomatic periimplantitis. Microorganisms were detected by a culture-dependent method and identified with the use of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The isolated microorganisms were inoculated on the surface of a new implant and then irradiated by a diode laser (wavelength of 810 ± 10 nm) in one, two or three repetitions and biocidal efficacy was assessed. To evaluate impact of laser irradiation on roughness, morphology and structure of the implant surface, optical profilometry, scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy were used. Examination of the tested surfaces and saliva revealed the presence of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and one fungal species. In all patients, cultures from the endosseous part of the implant revealed the presence of the pathogenic and pyogenic bacterium Streptococcus constellatus. In 13 out of 20 samples laser-irradiated in duplicate and triplicate, all microorganisms were eliminated. The irradiation used did not cause any changes in the properties of the implant surface.

scholarly journals Application of Laser-Induced Bone Therapy by Carbon Dioxide Laser Irradiation in Implant Therapy

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Naka ◽  
Satoshi Yokose
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Laser Irradiation ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Rat Tibia ◽  
Implant Therapy ◽  
Laser Group

This study evaluated the application of laser-induced bone therapy (LIBT) to reduce implant healing time in rat tibia. Twenty 10-week-old female Sprague-Dawlay rats were used. The rats received laser irradiation (laser group) or sham operation (control group) on either side of the tibia. Five days after invasion, titanium implants were inserted in proximal tibia. Five, 10, and 20 days after implant placement, tibiae were collected. After taking micro-CT and performing a torque test, the tibiae were decalcified and 8-μm-thick sections were prepared. Specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin.Results. Micro-CT images, removal torque values, and histomorphometric analysis data demonstrated a significantly accelerated bone formation in the laser group earlier in the healing process.Conclusion. The use of laser irradiation was effective in promoting bone formation and acquiring osseointegration of titanium implants inserted in rat tibia. LIBT may be suitable for use in implant therapy.

Biochemical indicators of renal functional state under the conditions of bisphenol A administration and low-level laser irradiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-186
Author(s):  
Vira Borschovetska ◽  
Valeriia Mamiienko
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Laser Irradiation ◽  
Diode Laser ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Hepatic Function ◽  
Secondary Products ◽  
Corrective Effect ◽  
Level Laser ◽  
The Impact

Nowadays, due to the mass production of plastic products, the question of the negative impact of bisphenol A on the functioning of organs and systems is acute. However, the question of the effect of this xenobiotic on the functional state of the kidneys remains open. Currently, laser irradiation of various powers is intensively used to correct pathologies. However, its biochemical feathers of the impact on biological objects require detailed research. The work is aimed at the study of nephrotoxic effects of bisphenol A under the conditions of irradiation of animals with a diode laser. ВРА was administered per os daily for 3 days at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight, which corresponded with LOAEL dose. Irradiation was performed for 2 min with a low-diode laser λ = 650 nm (50 mW, 1.5 J/cm2 and 12.5 mW/cm2). The functional state of the kidneys was performed based on the determination of urea and creatinine content in urine and serum. The content of primary and secondary products of the LP was determined in the kidneys. It is shown, that the administration of bisphenol A is accompanied by a decrease in urea in serum and urine, an increase in serum creatinine and a decrease in this metabolite in urine, which may indicate impaired renal and hepatic function due to the damage of this organ by contaminants due to induction lipid oxidation. This is expressed by an increase in the content of conjugated diene and TBA-active compounds in the kidneys. At the same time, under the irradiation of animals, the concentration of urea and creatinine in the serum decreases compared with the BPA group, and in the urine, these indicators increase. Such results may indicate the normalization of kidney function due to the corrective action of the laser. Thus, the introduction of BPA is accompanied by the induction of LPS processes, which leads to renal dysfunction, and irradiation of animals has a corrective effect of nephrotoxic effects of BPA.

scholarly journals Correlation between Primary, Secondary Stability, Bone Density, Percentage of Vital Bone Formation and Implant Size

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6994
Author(s):  
Vasilena Ivanova ◽  
Ivan Chenchev ◽  
Stefan Zlatev ◽  
Eitan Mijiritsky
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Linear Correlation ◽  
Bone Biopsy ◽  
Primary Stability ◽  
Implant Stability ◽  
Socket Preservation ◽  
Implant Placement ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Secondary Stability

Background: This study aims to evaluate whether there is a correlation between implant stability, bone density, vital bone formation and implant diameter and length. Methods: Ninety patients were enrolled in this study. They underwent a socket preservation procedure with allograft or PRF and after 4 months, a total of 90 implants were placed. CBCT scans were assigned prior to implant placement in order to assess the bone density. During the surgical re-entry, a bone biopsy was harvested with a trephine drill. Immediately after implant insertion, the primary stability was measured. The secondary stability was measured 4 months after implant placement. Results: Primary stability showed a significant positive linear correlation with bone density (r = 0.471, p < 0.001) as well as with percentage of new bone formation (r = 0.567, p < 0.001). An average significant association of secondary stability with bone density (rs = 0.498, p < 0.001) and percentage of newly formed bone (r = 0.477, p < 0.001) was revealed. The mean values of primary stability in all three implant sizes, regarding the diameter of the implants, were similar (narrow 67.75; standard 66.78; wide 71.21) with no significant difference (p = 0.262). The same tendency was observed for secondary stability (narrow 73.83; standard 75.25; wide 74.93), with no significant difference (p = 0.277). Conclusions: The study revealed a high correlation between primary and secondary implant stability, and bone density, as well as with the percentage of vital bone formation. Implant length and diameter revealed no linear correlation with the implant stability.

Assessing maximal allowable levels for simultaneous skin and eyes exposure to laser irradiation of various wavelengths

2019 ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
Boris N. Rakhmanov ◽  
Vladimir I. Kezik ◽  
Vladimir T. Kibovsky ◽  
Valentin M. Ponomarev
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Laser Irradiation ◽  
Customs Union ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Laser Safety ◽  
Numerical Examples ◽  
Allowable Level ◽  
Correct Formula

Introduction.Evidences prove falseness of formula determining maximal allowable level of total energy of laser irradiation in case when eyes or skin are simultaneously exposed to several irradiation sources with various wavelengths. The formula was mentioned in actual «Sanitary rules and regulations for lasers construction and exploitation» Nо 5804–91 and in SanPiN 2.2.4.3359–16, that in a part of VIII section «Laser irradiation atworkplace» are latest acting regulation document on laser safety. SanPiN 2.2.4.13–2–2006 of Belarus Republic and regulation document Nо 299 of Customs Union Commission of Eurasia Economic Community on 28/05/2010 appeared to contain other, more correct formula determining the same maximal allowable level.Objectivewas to improve regulation basis in laser safety by correcting mistakes made previously in regulation documents.Deducing formulae.The article presents thorough and consistent deducing a formula to determine total energy of laser irradiation in case when eyes or skin are simultaneously and jointly exposed to several irradiation sources with various wavelengths. The efforts resulted in the formula that agreed with formulae presented in the regulation document on laser safety of Belarus Republic and in the regulation document Nо 299 of Customs Union Commission of Eurasia Economic Community on 28/05/2010.Discussion.Correctness of the obtained formula is supported by numerical examples and by comparison with other formulae used in regulation documents on hygienic regulation of other acting factors.Conclusion.Results of the work are summarized, and emphasis is made on its value for solving problems of improving regulation basis for laser safety.

Suicide Loss Survivors: Navigating Social Stigma and Threats to Social Bonds

2021 ◽  
pp. 003022282110265
Author(s):  
Dorothy M. Goulah-Pabst
Keyword(s):  
Social Stigma ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Personal Narratives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Solidarity ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

The complicated grief experienced by suicide loss survivors leads to feelings of abandonment, rejection, intense self-blame, and depression. Stigma surrounding suicide further burdens survivors who can experience rejection by their community and social networks. Research in the field of psychology has delved into the grieving process of suicide loss survivors, however the effects of suicide require more sociological study to fully understand and support the impact of the suicidal bereavement process on the social interactions and relationships of those left behind after death. This study aims to contribute to the body of research exploring the social challenges faced after the suicide of a loved one. Based on the analysis of powerful personal narratives through qualitative interviews shared by 14 suicide loss survivors this study explores the social construction of the grieving and healing process for suicide loss survivors. Recognizing that the most reliable relief is in commiseration with like experienced people, this research points to the support group as a builder of social solidarity. The alienation caused by the shame and stigma of suicide loss can be reversed by the feelings of attachment to the group that listens, understands and accepts. Groups created by and for suicide loss survivors should be considered a necessary tool to be used toward healing those who suffer from loss by suicide.

The impact of High Fat Diet on bone: potential mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiao Jie ◽  
Yue-Zhong Ren ◽  
Yi-wen Wu
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets ◽  
The Impact

High-fat diets(HFD)are defined as lipids accounting for exceeded 30% of total energy in-take, and current research is mostly 45% and 60%. With a view of the tendency that patients who...

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