scholarly journals Urinary Metabolomics Study of the Intervention Effect of Hypoglycemic Decoction on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Rats Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin-Lin Pan ◽  
Qi-Hui Sun ◽  
Gui-Rong Liu ◽  
Jia-Yin Guo
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Lipid Level ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Model Assessment

The hypoglycemic decoction (HD) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparation for the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM), with a remarkable therapeutic effect. However, its mechanism of action is still unclear at the metabolic level. In this study, the biochemical markers from type 2 DM (T2DM) rats, induced by a high-sugar and high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin (STZ), were detected. The metabolomics-based analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was conducted to evaluate urine samples from control, model, metformin, and HD groups. After oral administration of HD for 28 days, the general state, weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood lipid level, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), fasting insulin (FINS), insulin sensitivity index (ISI), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were significantly improved (P<0.01). The western blotting showed that HD can enhance the protein expression of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). The metabolomics results revealed that after treatment with HD, the levels of L-carnitine, 1-methyladenosine, 1-methylhistamine, and 3-indoleacrylic acid were upregulated and the levels of riboflavin, phenylalanine, atrolactic acid, 2-oxoglutarate, citrate, isocitrate, cortisol, and glucose were downregulated. The main mechanism may be closely related to the regulation of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, phenylalanine metabolism, glyoxylate metabolism, and dicarboxylate metabolism. Additionally, it was also found that HD can regulate the protein expression of GLUT4 and AMPK to interfere with TCA cycle and carbohydrate metabolism to treat T2DM.

scholarly journals Relevance of Plasma Obestatin and Early Arteriosclerosis in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng-ying Gu ◽  
Dong-mei Kang ◽  
Wei-dong Wang ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Zhi-hong Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Media Thickness

We investigated the correlation between obestatin and metabolic parameters and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in plasma of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We collected 103 patients aged from 60 to 83 years (69.26 ± 5.83 years) form January, 2007 to May, 2009. All patients were divided into normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and T2DM according to the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). We found that higher levels of fasting insulin (Fins), fasting blood glucose, 2 h OGTT glucose, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), low density lipoprotein cholesterol, glycated haemoglobin, and C-reactive protein (CRP), as well as lower obestatin level and higher intima-media thickness level (IMT), existed in T2DM group compared with NGT group and IGT group (P<0.01). Also, obestatin level was independently associated with HOMA-IR and CRP, while IMT level was independently associated with HOMA-IR, triglyceride, Fins, and obestatin (P<0.01), based on stepwise multiple regression analysis. Therefore, we deduced that the low level of plasma obestatin might be related to early arteriosclerosis in patients with T2DM via increasing IMT level, and elevated plasma obestatin levels might protect T2DM patients against carotid atherosclerosis to some extent.

Cinammon (Cinnamomum Spp.) and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-255
Author(s):  
Sierra-Puente D. ◽  
Abadi-Alfie S. ◽  
Arakanchi-Altaled K. ◽  
Bogard-Brondo M. ◽  
García-Lascurain M. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Key Aspects

Spices such as cinnamon (Cinnamomum Spp.) have been of interest due to their phytochemical composition that exert hypoglycemic effects with potential for management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We summarize data from 27 manuscripts that include, one book chapter, 3 review articles, 10 randomized controlled trials, 4 systematic reviews with meta-analysis, and 9 preclinical studies. The most frequently used cinnamon variety was Cinnamomum cassia rather than the Cinnamomum zeylanicum, whereas outcomes were defined as fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and oral glucose tolerance test. A great variability in methodology such as different doses (from 120 mg to 6 g), duration of intervention, data retrieved and use of different concomitant medication, were found to be key aspects of most of trials and systematic reviews with meta-analysis available to date. Low quality studies have been made in most cases with a lot of heterogeneity clouding significance of results. More research needs to be done in order to yield accurate evidence for evidence-based recommendations. Its use is not currently a reliable nor advisable option for the treatment of T2DM.

scholarly journals Are the metabolic benefits of resistance training in type 2 diabetes linked to improvements in adipose tissue microvascular blood flow?

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (6) ◽  
pp. E1242-E1250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donghua Hu ◽  
Ryan D. Russell ◽  
Devika Remash ◽  
Timothy Greenaway ◽  
Stephen Rattigan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Microvascular Blood Flow ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Model Assessment

The microcirculation in adipose tissue is markedly impaired in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Resistance training (RT) often increases muscle mass and promotes a favorable metabolic profile in people with T2D, even in the absence of fat loss. Whether the metabolic benefits of RT in T2D are linked to improvements in adipose tissue microvascular blood flow is unknown. Eighteen sedentary people with T2D (7 women/11 men, 52 ± 7 yr) completed 6 wk of RT. Before and after RT, overnight-fasted participants had blood sampled for clinical chemistries (glucose, insulin, lipids, HbA1c, and proinflammatory markers) and underwent an oral glucose challenge (OGC; 50 g glucose × 2 h) and a DEXA scan to assess body composition. Adipose tissue microvascular blood volume and flow were assessed at rest and 1 h post-OGC using contrast-enhanced ultrasound. RT significantly reduced fasting blood glucose ( P = 0.006), HbA1c ( P = 0.007), 2-h glucose area under the time curve post-OGC ( P = 0.014), and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance ( P = 0.005). This was accompanied by a small reduction in total body fat ( P = 0.002), trunk fat ( P = 0.023), and fasting triglyceride levels ( P = 0.029). Lean mass ( P = 0.003), circulating TNF-α ( P = 0.006), and soluble VCAM-1 ( P < 0.001) increased post-RT. There were no significant changes in adipose tissue microvascular blood volume or flow following RT; however those who did have a higher baseline microvascular blood flow post-RT also had lower fasting triglyceride levels ( r = −0.476, P = 0.045). The anthropometric, glycemic, and insulin-sensitizing benefits of 6 wk of RT in people with T2D are not associated with an improvement in adipose tissue microvascular responses; however, there may be an adipose tissue microvascular-linked benefit to fasting triglyceride levels.

scholarly journals The Effect of Chrysin-Loaded Phytosomes on Insulin Resistance and Blood Sugar Control in Type 2 Diabetic db/db Mice

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (23) ◽  
pp. 5503
Author(s):  
Seong-min Kim ◽  
Jee-Young Imm
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Model Assessment

Although a variety of beneficial health effects of natural flavonoids, including chrysin, has been suggested, poor solubility and bioavailability limit their practical use. As a promising delivery system, chrysin-loaded phytosomes (CPs) were prepared using egg phospholipid (EPL) at a 1:3 molar ratio and its antidiabetic effects were assessed in db/db diabetic mice. Male C57BLKS/J-db/db mice were fed a normal diet (control), chrysin diet (100 mg chrysin/kg), CP diet (100 mg chrysin equivalent/kg), metformin diet (200 mg/kg) or EPL diet (vehicle, the same amount of EPL used for CP preparation) for 9 weeks. Administration of CP significantly decreased fasting blood glucose and insulin levels in db/db mice compared with the control. An oral glucose tolerance test and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance were significantly improved in the CP group (p < 0.05). CP treatment suppressed gluconeogenesis via downregulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase while it promoted glucose uptake in the skeletal muscle and liver of db/db mice (p < 0.05). The CP-mediated improved glucose utilization in the muscle was confirmed by upregulation of glucose transporter type 4, hexokinase2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ during treatment (p < 0.05). The CP-induced promotion of GLUT4 plasma translocation was confirmed in the skeletal muscle of db/db mice (p < 0.05). Based on the results, CP showed greater antidiabetic performance compared to the control by ameliorating insulin resistance in db/db mice and phytosome can be used as an effective antidiabetic agent.

scholarly journals A Chinese Herbal Decoction, Dang Gui Bu Xue Tang, Prepared from Radix Astragali and RadixAngelicae sinensis, Ameliorates Insulin Resistance Induced by A High-Fructose Diet in Rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
I-Min Liu ◽  
Thing-Fong Tzeng ◽  
Shorong-Shii Liou
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Radix Astragali

Dang Gui Bu Xue Tang (DBT), a Chinese medicinal decoction contains RadixAngelicae sinensis(Danggui) and Radix Astragali (Huangqi) at a ratio of 1 : 5, is used commonly for treating women's ailments. This study was conducted to explore the effects of this preparation on insulin resistance in rats fed with 6-week diet containing 60% fructose. Similar to the action of rosiglitazone (4 mg kg-1per day by an oral administration), repeated oral administration of DBT (2.5 g kg-1per day) for 14 days was found to significantly alleviate the hyperglycemia but made no influence on plasma lipid profiles nor weight gain in fructose chow-fed rats. Also, the higher degree of insulin resistance as measured by homeostasis model assessment of basal insulin resistance in fructose chow-fed rats was significantly decreased by repeated DBT treatment. DBT displays the characteristic of rosiglitazone by increasing the whole-body insulin sensitivity in fructose chow-fed rats after 2-week treatment, as evidenced by the marked elevation of composite whole-body insulin sensitivity index during the oral glucose tolerance test. DBT improves insulin sensitivity through increased post-receptor insulin signaling mediated by enhancements in insulin receptor substrate-1-associated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase step and glucose transporter subtype 4 translocation in soleus muscles of animals exhibiting insulin resistance. DBT is therefore proposed as potentially useful adjuvant therapy for patients with insulin resistance and/or the patients who wish to increase insulin sensitivity.

scholarly journals The single nucleotide polymorphisms rs11761556 and rs12706832 of the leptin gene are associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the iraqi population

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-5
Author(s):  
Karar Musafer ◽  
Fahrul Huyop ◽  
Mufeed Ewadh ◽  
Eko Supriyanto ◽  
Tahreer Al-Thuwaini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide

This study was conducted to assess the potential association between leptin (LEP) gene polymorphisms and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Iraqi patients. Genomic DNA was extracted from 120 diabetic subjects and 100 controls. Three specific PCR fragments were designed to flank three highly frequent single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)s within LEP, rs11761556, rs12706832 and rs2167270. The amplified loci were genotyped by PCR-single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) followed by Sanger sequencing for representative genotypes. Logistic regression analysis was performed to detect the association between the targeted genetic variants and T2DM. PCR-SSCP genotyping showed three banding patterns for all three targeted SNPs. Individuals with the AA genotype in both rs11761556 and rs12706832 SNPs showed significantly higher (P<0.05) body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), fasting blood glucose (FBG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), insulin, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) values than those with other genotypes. Association analysis revealed that individuals with the A allele exhibited a greater risk of T2DM. Data of the present investigation indicated that both rs11761556 and rs12706832 SNPs exerted a noticeable association with T2DM. The study suggests implementing both rs11761556 and rs12706832 SNPs in the early detection of T2DM.

scholarly journals PI3K-GLUT4 Signal Pathway Associated with Effects of EX-B3 Electroacupuncture on Hyperglycemia and Insulin Resistance of T2DM Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing-Yan Cao ◽  
Rui Li ◽  
Huan-Huan Tian ◽  
Yan-Jia Ma ◽  
Xiao-Gang Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose

Objectives.To explore electroacupuncture’s (EA’s) effects on fasting blood glucose (FBG) and insulin resistance of type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) model rats and give a possible explanation for the effects.Method.It takes high fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 30 mg/kg) for model preparation. Model rats were randomly divided into T2DM Model group, EA weiwanxiashu (EX-B3) group, and sham EA group (n=12/group). EA (2 Hz continuous wave, 2 mA, 20 min/day, 6 days/week, 4 weeks) was applied as intervention. FBG, area under curve (AUC) of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), pancreatic B cell function index (HOMA-B), skeletal muscle phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), and membrane GLUT4 protein expression were measured.Results.EA weiwanxiashu (EX-B3) can greatly upregulate model rat’s significantly reduced skeletal muscle PI3K (Y607) and membrane GLUT4 protein expression (P<0.01), effectively reducing model rats’ FBG and AUC of OGTT (P<0.01). The effects are far superior to sham EA group.Conclusion.EA weiwanxiashu (EX-B3) can upregulate skeletal muscle phosphorylated PI3K protein expression, to stimulate membrane translocation of GLUT4 and thereby increase skeletal muscle glucose intake to treat T2DM.

scholarly journals Antidiabetic Activity of Benzopyrone Analogues in Nicotinamide-Streptozotocin Induced Type 2 Diabetes in Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yogendra Nayak ◽  
Venkatachalam Hillemane ◽  
Vijay Kumar Daroji ◽  
B. S. Jayashree ◽  
M. K. Unnikrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Liver Homogenate ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Model Assessment

Benzopyrones are proven antidiabetic drug candidate in diabetic drug discovery. In this view novel synthetic benzopyrone analogues were selected for testing in experimental diabetes. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) was induced in Wistar rats by streptozotocin (60 mg/kg, i.p.) followed by nicotinamide (120 mg/kg i.p.). Rats having fasting blood glucose (FBG) >200 mg/dL, 7 days after T2D-induction, are selected for the study. Test compounds and standard treatment were continued for 15 days. FBG, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were determined on 21st day after induction of T2D. Plasma lipids and serum insulin were estimated. Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR) was then calculated from serum insulin. Rats were sacrificed and pancreas was isolated for histopathological observations. Oxidative stress markers were estimated in liver homogenate. Quercetin, a natural product with benzopyrone ring, showed significant hypoglycemic activity comparable to glibenclamide. Treatment with test compounds lowered the FBG and insulin resistance was significant alleviated as determined by OGTT, HOMA-IR, and ITT. There was significant normalisation of liver antioxidant enzymes compared to diabetic rats indicating that all the synthesised benzopyrone analogues are beneficial in reducing oxidative stress and are on par with the standard quercetin and glibenclamide in experimental T2D.

scholarly journals Betatrophin for diagnosis and prognosis of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 710-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruirong Pan ◽  
Haiming Zhang ◽  
Shuping Yu ◽  
Jialiang Deng ◽  
Suxian Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Diagnostic Characteristics ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives Betatrophin is a widely used diagnostic marker for type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), but its clinical utility in diagnosing gestational DM (GDM) is unclear. We evaluated the relationship between betatrophin and the risk of GDM as well as the ability of betatrophin to predict postpartum type 2 DM (PDM). Methods In total, 386 patients were categorized into those with and without PDM. All underwent the oral glucose tolerance test while pregnant. Betatrophin was assessed to examine the diagnostic characteristics of GDM. Results The betatrophin concentration was remarkably higher in patients with than without GDM. The patients were categorized into three groups; those with a betatrophin concentration of 300 to 600 pg/mL and >600 pg/mL had a higher risk of GDM after adjusting for body mass index, age, homeostatic model assessment–insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) concentration, and betatrophin concentration than those with a betatrophin concentration of <300 pg/mL. The HOMA-IR concentration tended to increase as the betatrophin concentration increased, and betatrophin was independently associated with GDM after adjusting for confounders. The betatrophin concentration was higher among pregnant patients with than without PDM. Conclusions Betatrophin has high sensitivity but low specificity for diagnosing GDM and may be a promising predictor of PDM.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document