scholarly journals Imaging of Internal Defects of Polymer-Modified Wood Using Total Focusing Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Liping Sun ◽  
Hongju Zhou ◽  
Hongwei Zhou ◽  
Guizhong Jiao ◽  
Ling Ma
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Scattering ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Polymer Modification ◽  
Internal Defects ◽  
Data Simulation ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
Scattering Wave ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Modified Wood

Polymer modification can improve the stability and corrosion resistance of wood, but it could create defects inside wood during the modification processing. Detection of defects inside polymer-modified wood can reduce wood losses and prevent the occurring of defects. Data simulation and tomographic imaging of polymer-modified wood internal defects were carried out using electromagnetic waves with nondestructive testing. This study constructed the polymer-modified wood models, simulated the electromagnetic scattering wave, and used the total focusing method to perform tomography of the defects in the polymer-modified wood. By analyzing the imaging characteristics of different types of defects, the effectiveness of electromagnetic waves in the detection of internal defects of polymer-modified wood was proved. This method can be extended to test internal defects of other high molecular polymers.

scholarly journals Smart Sensing Using Electromagnetic Waves for Inspection of Defects in Rock Bolts

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Doung Yu ◽  
Jong-Sub Lee
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Concrete Block ◽  
Rock Slopes ◽  
Rock Bolts ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Smart Sensing ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometer ◽  
Good Agreement

The stability of tunnels and rock slopes is adversely affected by defects in rock bolts. This study investigates the suitability of the smart sensing method using electromagnetic waves for inspecting defects in rock bolts. Experiments were performed with one fully grouted and eight defective rock bolts, out of which five have non-grouted parts at the ends with different non-grouted ratios, and three have different types of voids. Electromagnetic waves were generated and detected using a time domain reflectometer by configuring two-conductor transmission lines in the rock bolts. Results show that electromagnetic waves are reflected both at defects and ends of rock bolts. The electromagnetic wave velocity increases with an increase in the non-grouted ratio and decreases when rock bolts are embedded in a concrete block simulating rock mass. The estimated locations of defects found by electromagnetic waves are in good agreement with actual defect locations. This study demonstrates that smart sensing using electromagnetic waves is an effective method for inspecting and determining defect locations and the non-grouted ratio of rock bolts.

ASSESSMENT OF PINE CROPS GROWTH IN BAIMAK FORESTRY

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
T.Z. Mutallapov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Distribution Curve ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Tree Distribution ◽  
Entire Structure ◽  
Structure Changes ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Stability

The article presents the results of evaluating the growth of Scots pine in the Baymak forest area. The analysis of forestry and taxation indicators of Scots pine crops on the studied sample areas is carried out, and a comparative assessment of the growth of forest crops growing in different types of forest is given. Increased competition in plantings leads to the natural decline of stunted trees, which is the result of differentiation in the stand. As a result, its structure changes, the number of large trees increases, and, accordingly, the stability of the forest ecosystem increases. In this regard, the appearance of the tree distribution curve by thickness levels also changes. It becomes more "flat", and its competitive load is more evenly distributed over the entire structure of the stand, and competition is weakened.

A Survey on Computational Methods for Essential Proteins and Genes Prediction

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Fang ◽  
Xiujuan Lei ◽  
Ling Guo
Keyword(s):  
Computational Methods ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Disease Genes ◽  
Essential Proteins ◽  
Experimental Identification ◽  
Cellular Life ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Human Disease Genes ◽  
Biology Research

Background: Essential proteins play important roles in the survival or reproduction of an organism and support the stability of the system. Essential proteins are the minimum set of proteins absolutely required to maintain a living cell. The identification of essential proteins is a very important topic not only for a better comprehension of the minimal requirements for cellular life, but also for a more efficient discovery of the human disease genes and drug targets. Traditionally, as the experimental identification of essential proteins is complex, it usually requires great time and expense. With the cumulation of high-throughput experimental data, many computational methods that make useful complements to experimental methods have been proposed to identify essential proteins. In addition, the ability to rapidly and precisely identify essential proteins is of great significance for discovering disease genes and drug design, and has great potential for applications in basic and synthetic biology research. Objective: The aim of this paper is to provide a review on the identification of essential proteins and genes focusing on the current developments of different types of computational methods, point out some progress and limitations of existing methods, and the challenges and directions for further research are discussed.

scholarly journals Polymer-Drug Conjugates as Nanotheranostic Agents

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-81
Author(s):  
Sajana Manandhar ◽  
Erica Sjöholm ◽  
Johan Bobacka ◽  
Jessica M. Rosenholm ◽  
Kuldeep K. Bansal
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
The Body ◽  
Drug Conjugates ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Systemic Side Effects ◽  
Theranostic Agents ◽  
The Stability

Since the last decade, the polymer-drug conjugate (PDC) approach has emerged as one of the most promising drug-delivery technologies owing to several benefits like circumventing premature drug release, offering controlled and targeted drug delivery, improving the stability, safety, and kinetics of conjugated drugs, and so forth. In recent years, PDC technology has advanced with the objective to further enhance the treatment outcomes by integrating nanotechnology and multifunctional characteristics into these systems. One such development is the ability of PDCs to act as theranostic agents, permitting simultaneous diagnosis and treatment options. Theranostic nanocarriers offer the opportunity to track the distribution of PDCs within the body and help to localize the diseased site. This characteristic is of particular interest, especially among those therapeutic approaches where external stimuli are supposed to be applied for abrupt drug release at the target site for localized delivery to avoid systemic side effects (e.g., Visudyne®). Thus, with the help of this review article, we are presenting the most recent updates in the domain of PDCs as nanotheranostic agents. Different methodologies utilized to design PDCs along with imaging characteristics and their applicability in a wide range of diseases, have been summarized in this article.

scholarly journals Multi-sensor data fusion based on consistency test and sliding window variance weighted algorithm in sensor networks

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Shu ◽  
Ming Hong ◽  
Wei Zheng ◽  
Li-Min Sun ◽  
Xu Ge
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Internal Noise ◽  
Sliding Window ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Data Simulation ◽  
Consistency Test ◽  
Multi Sensor Data Fusion ◽  
Weighted Algorithm ◽  
The Stability

In order to solve the problem that the accuracy of sensor data is reducing due to zero offset and the stability is decreasing in wireless sensor networks, a novel algorithm is proposed based on consistency test and sliding-windowed variance weighted. The internal noise is considered to be the main factor of the problem in this paper. And we can use consistency test method to diagnose whether the mean of sensor data is offset. So the abnormal data is amended or removed. Then, the result of fused data can be calculated by using sliding window variance weighted algorithm according to normal and amended data. Simulation results show that the misdiagnosis rate of the abnormal data can be reduced to 3% by using improved consistency test with the threshold set to [0.05, 0.15], so the abnormal sensor data can be diagnosed more accurately and the stability can be increased. The accuracy of the fused data can be improved effectively when the window length is set to 2. Under the condition that the abnormal sensor data has been amended or removed, the proposed algorithm has better performances on precision compared with other existing algorithms.

scholarly journals Novel thick brane solutions with U(1) symmetry breaking

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzieh Peyravi ◽  
Nematollah Riazi ◽  
Francisco S. N. Lobo
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Scalar Fields ◽  
Einstein Tensor ◽  
Vacuum Structure ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Dimensional Gravity ◽  
Breaking Parameter ◽  
Symmetry Breaking Term ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Breaking Term

AbstractIn this work, using two scalar fields ($$\phi $$ ϕ , $$\psi $$ ψ ) coupled to 4 + 1 dimensional gravity, we construct novel topological brane solutions through an explicit U(1) symmetry breaking term. The potential of this model is constructed so that two distinct degenerate vacua in the $$\phi $$ ϕ field exist, in analogy to the $$\phi ^{4}$$ ϕ 4 potential. Therefore, brane solutions appear due to the vacuum structure of the $$\phi $$ ϕ field. However, the topology and vacuum structure in the $$\psi $$ ψ direction depends on the symmetry breaking parameter $$\beta ^{2}$$ β 2 , which leads to different types of branes. As a result, one can interpret the present model as a combination of a $$\phi ^{4}$$ ϕ 4 brane with an auxiliary field, which leads to deviations from the $$\phi ^{4}$$ ϕ 4 system with the brane achieving a richer internal structure. Furthermore, we analyse in detail the behaviour of the superpotentials, the warp factors, the Ricci and Kretschmann scalars and the Einstein tensor components. In addition to this, we explore the stability of the brane in terms of the free parameters of the model. The analysis presented here complements previous work and is sufficiently novel to be interesting.

scholarly journals A general database of hydrometeor single scattering properties at microwave and sub-millimetre wavelengths

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Eriksson ◽  
Robin Ekelund ◽  
Jana Mendrok ◽  
Manfred Brath ◽  
Oliver Lemke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Single Scattering ◽  
Particle Orientation ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Orientation Data ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Rain Drops ◽  
Cloud Ice ◽  
Random Particle

Abstract. A main limitation today in simulations and inversions of microwave observations of ice hydrometeors (cloud ice, snow, hail ...) is the lack of data describing the interaction between electromagnetic waves and the particles. To improve the situation, the development of a comprehensive dataset of such "scattering properties" has been started. The database aims at giving a broad coverage in both frequency (1 to 886 GHz) and temperature (190 to 270 K), to support both passive and active current and planned measurements, and to provide data corresponding to the full Stokes vector. This first version of the database is restricted to totally random particle orientation. Data for 34 particle sets, i.e. habits, have been generated. About 17 of the habits can be classified as single crystals, three habits can be seen as heavily rimed particles, and remaining habits are aggregates of different types, representing e.g. snow and hail. The particle sizes considered vary between the habits, but a maximum diameter of 10 and 20 mm are typical values for the largest single crystal and aggregate particles, respectively, and the number of sizes per habit is at least 30. Particles containing liquid water are also inside the scope of the database, but this phase of water is so far only represented by a liquid sphere habit. The database is built upon the netCDF4 file format. Interfaces to browse, extract and convert data for selected radiative transfer models are provided in Matlab and Python. The database and associated tools are publically available from Zenedo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1175572 and https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1175588, respectively). Planned extensions include non-spherical rain drops, melting particles and a second orientation case that can be denoted as azimuthally random.

Fading Time Study on Prepared Thymolphthalein, Phenolphthalein and their Mixture Disappearing Ink

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
S.A. Shama ◽  
M.M. El-Molla ◽  
Riad F. Basalah ◽  
S. El-Sayed Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Effect ◽  
Time Study ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Fading Time

Disappearing ink was prepared using different concentrations of thymolphthalein, phenolphthalein and their mixture, applying to different types of handwriting surfaces such as cotton, polyester and polyamide. The effects of thymolphthalein, phenolphthalein and alkali concentrations (i.e. pH) on the fading time were studied. The handwriting stability increased when the concentration of thymolphthalein or phenolphthalein was increased. At a high concentration of alkali with phenolphthalein and its mixture with thymolphthalein, the handwriting stability decreased with polyester or polyamide handwriting surfaces and the stability increased in the case of cotton. When the faded handwriting surfaces were subject to the thermal effect in a thermostatically controlled oven at 100°C for 10 minutes by hanging them with suitable hooks, there was no change in the faded handwriting. When they were at 150°C for 20 minutes, the faded phenolphthalein ink, which contained 0.5ml of 1N NaOH, was visible and shown red on the polyester and polyamide handwriting surfaces, but there was no change on the faded cotton handwriting surface.

The issue of "oil shrinkage" during the compounding of oils in the processes of production, collection, preparation and transportation of hydrocarbon raw materials

2021 ◽  
pp. 104-113
Author(s):  
O. P. Deryugina ◽  
E. A. Trapeznikov
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Colloidal System ◽  
Main Pipelines ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Mixed Oil

The article discusses the issue of industrial compounding, which improves the quality of the raw materials supplied to the main pipelines. Compounding from "to compound" (English) - to mix. When mixing different types of oil obtained, "incompatibility" is possible, which is expressed in the precipitation of a solid sediment and violation of the stability of the colloidal system and due to the differing properties of oils. Attention to this problem is due to the tightening of requirements for the quality of raw materials that must comply with modern standards. The article discusses the causes of the problem of "incompatibility" of oil during compounding and effective ways of solving it, substantiates the need for a preliminary study of the properties of mixed oil in order to identify possible incompatibility of various types of oil. The standard tests for determination of incompatibility indices characterizing the ability of raw materials to mix are considered. The article substantiates the need to develop methods for diagnosing the incompatibility of oils as the most important task of modern chemical science, the solution of which will improve the quality of the raw material obtained and solve many technological problems in the compounding process.

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