scholarly journals Intestinal Immunomodulatory Cells (T Lymphocytes): A Bridge between Gut Microbiota and Diabetes

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingwei Li ◽  
Zezheng Gao ◽  
Han Wang ◽  
Haoran Wu ◽  
Yanwen Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Immune System ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Normal Functioning ◽  
Human Immune ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most familiar chronic diseases threatening human health. Recent studies have shown that the development of diabetes is closely related to an imbalance of the gut microbiota. Accordingly, there is increasing interest in how changes in the gut microbiota affect diabetes and its underlying mechanisms. Immunomodulatory cells play important roles in maintaining the normal functioning of the human immune system and in maintaining homeostasis. Intestinal immunomodulatory cells (IICs) are located in the intestinal mucosa and are regarded as an intermediary by which the gut microbiota affects physiological and pathological properties. Diabetes can be regulated by IICs, which act as a bridge linking the gut microbiota and DM. Understanding this bridge role of IICs may clarify the mechanisms by which the gut microbiota contributes to DM. Based on recent research, we summarize this process, thereby providing a basis for further studies of diabetes and other similar immune-related diseases.

scholarly journals Role of the thymus in spontaneous development of a multi-organ autoimmune disease in human immune system mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 102612
Author(s):  
Mohsen Khosravi-Maharlooei ◽  
HaoWei Li ◽  
Markus Hoelzl ◽  
Guiling Zhao ◽  
Amanda Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Human Immune

scholarly journals Microbiota and Diabetes Mellitus: Role of Lipid Mediators

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3039
Author(s):  
Juan Salazar ◽  
Lissé Angarita ◽  
Valery Morillo ◽  
Carla Navarro ◽  
María Sofía Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Mediators

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is an inflammatory clinical entity with different mechanisms involved in its physiopathology. Among these, the dysfunction of the gut microbiota stands out. Currently, it is understood that lipid products derived from the gut microbiota are capable of interacting with cells from the immune system and have an immunomodulatory effect. In the presence of dysbiosis, the concentration of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) increases, favoring damage to the intestinal barrier. Furthermore, a pro-inflammatory environment prevails, and a state of insulin resistance and hyperglycemia is present. Conversely, during eubiosis, the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) is fundamental for the maintenance of the integrity of the intestinal barrier as well as for immunogenic tolerance and appetite/satiety perception, leading to a protective effect. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that alterations or dysregulation of the gut microbiota can be reversed by modifying the eating habits of the patients or with the administration of prebiotics, probiotics, and symbiotics. Similarly, different studies have demonstrated that drugs like Metformin are capable of modifying the composition of the gut microbiota, promoting changes in the biosynthesis of LPS, and the metabolism of SCFA.

High level of functional polymorphism indicates a unique role of natural selection at human immune system loci

2005 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 821-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Austin L. Hughes ◽  
Bernice Packer ◽  
Robert Welch ◽  
Stephen J. Chanock ◽  
Meredith Yeager
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Functional Polymorphism ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Human Immune ◽  
High Level

scholarly journals Prospects for vitamin d in prevention of acute otitis media in children

2018 ◽  
pp. 72-75
Author(s):  
M. P. Vorobyova ◽  
D. A. Tulupov ◽  
E. P. Karpova ◽  
O. G. Naumov
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Paediatric Practice ◽  
Human Immune ◽  
Vitamin D Supplements

The article presents an overview of the role of vitamin D in prevention of acute otitis media in children. It provides brief pathogenetic justification of the action of vitamin D on the human immune system. The reasons for the urgency of the use of vitamin D supplements in prevention of acute otitis media in children are analysed. Topical issues to further study the problem in paediatric practice are presented.

Role of Specific Spices in Fortifying the Human Immune System

2021 ◽  
pp. 397-410
Author(s):  
Yashdeep Srivastava ◽  
Swati Upadhyay ◽  
Mohd Ahmad ◽  
Deepak Kumar Verma ◽  
Vinod Kumar Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Human Immune

scholarly journals COVID-19 pandemic and “survival of the fittest”

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1384-1387
Author(s):  
Richa Mukhra ◽  
Kewal Krishan ◽  
Tanuj Kanchan
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Human Immune ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Survival Of The Fittest

Occurrence and recurrence of COVID-19 cases have been observed globally. The complex relationship of host-pathogen and the environment plays a vital role in understanding the widespread recurrence of the SARS-CoV-2 among humans. Though the pathobiology of the disease is not completely understood, it is well established that COVID-19 poses a greater threat to individuals with co-morbidities and a weakened immune system. The article deals with the notion of innate immunity, natural selection, and the survival of the fittest during the COVID-19 outbreak. The article also attempts to introduce the concept of “lifestyle and cultural immunity” that needs to be addressed and incorporated at an early stage of childhood to boost up the human immune system. The communication further discusses the role of vaccination and micro-organisms pre-existing in the environment which are required to enhance the immunity of an individual.

scholarly journals Goat’s Milk (GM), a Booster to Human Immune System against Diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajendra Panta ◽  
Vinod Kumar Paswan ◽  
Pankaj Kumar Gupta ◽  
Dhruba Narayan Kohar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Haemoglobin Level ◽  
Trace Minerals ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Aged People ◽  
Human Immune

Milk is clean lacteal secretion from mammalians shortly after parturition. GM is taken as a complete meal in human diet. GM is the only milk from milching species that possess possibility of substituting human milk. Availability of A2 casein in GM make it comparable to human milk in terms of protein. The most vulnerable ones are infants, aged people and pregnant women as their immune system could answer at any time if extra supplement is not administered. In this case, GM is only option that is highly compatible and nutritious nourishing food naturally. It has been used in curing respiratory problems, diarrhoea, colic, gastrointestinal disturbances etc. Feeding GM enhances production of immunoglobulin, beneficial gut microbiota, phagocytosis activities. Presence of inherent antibodies suits GM for using it in curing Tuberculosis. It contains every needed nutrient in higher amount as compared to milk from other animals. Per servings it has 13% more Calcium, 47% more vitamin A than Cow’s milk. It is filled with most of the trace minerals. Selenium, an immune system enhancer provides anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory protection via inhibition of bacterial growth. Chlorine and Fluorine acts as natural germicides. GM contain good source of Potassium which is crucial for maintainance of blood pressure and functioning of heart, it protects against arteriosclerosis. GM not only reduces the level of total cholesterol due to presence of Medium Chain Triglycerides but also improve mineralisation of skeleton and haemoglobin level. GM consists huge source of biorganic sodium, the absence of which results in arthritis. People who are lactose intolerant even can consume GM as it has low lactose content and for those who finds its smell and taste unusual, there is option of fortification. Because of easily digestible and readily bioavailable nature its consumption has been increased.

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