scholarly journals Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties of Chaenomeles speciosa: An Edible Medicinal Chinese Mugua

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weifeng Huang ◽  
Junwei He ◽  
Muhammad Farrukh Nisar ◽  
Hongshui Li ◽  
Chunpeng Wan
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anti Inflammation ◽  
Japan And China

Chaenomeles plants are adapted to diverse ecological zones particularly the temperate areas of Korea, Japan, and China. In China, Chaenomeles speciosa is mainly planted in Chongqing, Anhui, and Hubei provinces. Most of the studies till date have been focused on the anti-inflammatory activities of C. speciosa fractions. The present study aimed to review the maximum literature reported for the presence of various phytochemicals in C. speciosa. In addition, the pharmacological properties of these chemical compounds of this plant shall also be discussed. The extracts of the various parts of the plant are rich in diversity of antioxidants, organic acids, phenolics, terpenoids, and many different phytochemicals that bear strong anticancer, antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial properties, anti-inflammation, antihyperlipidemic, antihyperglycemic, and anti-Parkinson properties. C. speciosa fruits have broad scope in industry as well as in medicines. Not only the leaves and fruits of C. speciosa plant, but various other parts including roots, seeds, bark twigs, and flowers all have long history of clinical trials in curing many human ailments. However, the maximum accessible data concerning the chemical compositions and their broad pharmacological properties of C. speciosa plant parts is pretty restricted that make it more appealing for in-depth investigations.

scholarly journals Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties of Chaenomeles Speciosa: An Edible Medicinal Chinese Mugua

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weifeng Huang ◽  
Junwei He ◽  
Muhammad Farrukh Nisar ◽  
Hongshui Li ◽  
Chunpeng Wan
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anti Inflammation ◽  
Japan And China

Chaenomeles plants are adapted to diverse ecological zones particularly the temperate areas of Korea, Japan and China. In China, Chaenomeles speciosa mainly planted in Chongqing, Anhui and Hubei provinces. Most of the studies till date have been focused on the anti-inflammatory activities of C. speciosa fractions. The present study aimed to review the maximum literature reported for the presence of various phytochemicals in C. speciosa. In addition, the pharmacological properties of these chemical compounds of this plant shall also be discussed. The extracts of the various parts of the plant are rich in diversity of antioxidants, organic acids, phenolics, terpenoides and many different phytochemicals that bear strong anticancer, antioxidant, anti-viral, antibacterial properties, anti-inflammation, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-hyperglycemic and anti-parkinson properties. C. speciosa fruits have broad scope in industry as well as in medicines. Not only the leaves and fruits of C. speciosa plant, but various other parts including roots, seeds, bark twigs, and flowers all have long history of clinical trials in curing many human ailments. However, the maximum accessible data concerning the chemical composition and their broad pharmacological properties of C. speciosa plant parts is pretty restricted that make it more appealing for indepth investigations.

scholarly journals Fight against Covid-19: Nigella sativa, a Potential Curative

2021 ◽  
pp. 99-112
Author(s):  
Zainab Ahsan ◽  
Fahad Bin Hamid ◽  
Sakina Batool ◽  
Bireera Muzaffar ◽  
Sehrish Zaffar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Potent Inhibitor ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
The Past ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits

COVID-19 has rampaged across continents and has caused a devastating impact on life, economy, mobility, and health. Vaccines are still under clinical trials however there is no immediate solution or drug at hand for effective treatment. During this time, finding an unorthodox solution has become the need of the hour. Nigella sativa, commonly known as the black seed has been widely used as a traditional medicine in the past to fight illnesses. Chief compounds of N. Sativa seed, especially thymiquinone, α‐hederin, and nigellidine, could be developed into promising herbal drugs to combat COVID‐19 due to their therapeutic benefits. Extensive studies on N. Sativa have demonstrated its wide spectrum pharmacological properties which include immunomodulatory, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, bronchodilatory, hepato-protective, reno-protective, gastro-protective, and antioxidant properties that can serve as a potent inhibitor for SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, N. Sativa has also exhibited antidiabetic, antihypertensive, and antibacterial properties which would help COVID-19 patients with comorbidities. The objective of this review is aimed at establishing a link between the pharmacological benefits of N. Sativa and its potential to serve as a cure for COVID-19.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Medicinally Important Quinazolines and Their Derivatives: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-121
Author(s):  
Sulochana Sharma ◽  
Kailash Sharma ◽  
Sakshi Pathak ◽  
Mahendra Kumar ◽  
Praveen Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Multicomponent Reactions ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Review Article ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Microwave Irradiations ◽  
High Yields

The study of biodynamic heterosystems has proved to be the most attractive and useful for the development of potential drugs with superior properties and works effectively for the treatment of a variety of diseases, including pandemic ones. Out of the thousand biodynamic heterosystems, the quinazoline heterosystem is one that exhibits wide-ranging biological and pharmacological properties. Synthesis of potential medicinal material is comparatively challenging and needed enough time for clinical trials, testing, permissions for concerned authorities, production and supply. Therefore, researchers usually focused on novel methods incorporated with a high yield of previously approved chemical compounds. This present review article has focused on the synthesis of medicinally important quinazolines and their derivatives, which produce reaction products in less time with high yields, including more attention with eco-friendly green synthesis approaches incorporating multicomponent reactions (MCR), ionic liquids and microwave irradiations.

The Relevance of Old World Archaeology to the First Entry of Man into New Worlds: Colonization Seen from the Antipodes

1977 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia J. Hallam
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
The North ◽  
Technological Potential ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Peopling Of The Americas ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Innovation ◽  
Considerable Complexity

Following several discussions in recent numbers of Quaternary Research on the peopling of the Americas, this paper suggests that movements into the New World should be viewed in the wider context of subsistence, technology, and movement around the western littorals of the Pacific, resulting in the colonization not of one but of two new continents by men out of Asia. Specific points which have been raised by these recent papers are reviewed in the light of Australian, Wallacian, and East Asian data.(1) The earliness of watercraft is evidenced by chronology of the human diaspora through Wallacia and Greater Australia.(2) The simplistic nomenclature of chopper-flake traditions masks considerable complexity and technological potential, revealed in detailed Antipodean studies.(3) These traditions also have great potential for adapting to differing ecological zones, evidenced within Greater Australia; and for technological and economic innovation there, through Southeast Asia, and to Japan and the north Asian littoral.(4) The history of discovery and the nature of the evidence from Australia cannot validly be used to controvert early dates in the Americas.(5) Demographic data from Australia suggest that total commitment to a rapid-spread “bowwave” model for the peopling of new continents may be unwise.

scholarly journals Multicenter point prevalence evaluation of the utilization and safety of drug therapies for COVID-19 at the onset of the pandemic timeline in the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel J Rhodes ◽  
Atheer Dairem ◽  
William J Moore ◽  
Anooj Shah ◽  
Michael J Postelnick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Supportive Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Academic Medical ◽  
History Of ◽  
Secondary Objective

Abstract Disclaimer In an effort to expedite the publication of articles related to the COVID-19 pandemic, AJHP is posting these manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time. Purpose There are currently no FDA-approved medications for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). At the onset of the pandemic, off-label medication use was supported by limited or no clinical data. We sought to characterize experimental COVID-19 therapies and identify safety signals during this period. Methods We conducted a non-interventional, multicenter, point prevalence study of patients hospitalized with suspected/confirmed COVID-19. Clinical and treatment characteristics within a 24-hour window were evaluated in a random sample of up to 30 patients per site. The primary objective was to describe COVID-19–targeted therapies. The secondary objective was to describe adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Results A total of 352 patients treated for COVID-19 at 15 US hospitals From April 18 to May 8, 2020, were included in the study. Most patients were treated at academic medical centers (53.4%) or community hospitals (42.6%). Sixty-seven patients (19%) were receiving drug therapy in addition to supportive care. Drug therapies used included hydroxychloroquine (69%), remdesivir (10%), and interleukin-6 antagonists (9%). Five patients (7.5%) were receiving combination therapy. The rate of use of COVID-19–directed drug therapy was higher in patients with vs patients without a history of asthma (14.9% vs 7%, P = 0.037) and in patients enrolled in clinical trials (26.9% vs 3.2%, P < 0.001). Among those receiving drug therapy, 8 patients (12%) experienced an ADR, and ADRs were recognized at a higher rate in patients enrolled in clinical trials (62.5% vs 22%; odds ratio, 5.9; P = 0.028). Conclusion While we observed high rates of supportive care for patients with COVID-19, we also found that ADRs were common among patients receiving drug therapy, including those enrolled in clinical trials. Comprehensive systems are needed to identify and mitigate ADRs associated with experimental COVID-19 treatments.

scholarly journals Ethnomedical uses, chemical constituents, and evidence-based pharmacological properties of Chenopodium ambrosioides L.: extensive overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Félicien Mushagalusa Kasali ◽  
Jonans Tusiimire ◽  
Justin Ntokamunda Kadima ◽  
Amon Ganafa Agaba
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Chenopodium Ambrosioides ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
Ethnomedicinal Uses ◽  
Significant Health

Abstract Background The Chenopodium genus is a plant family widely spread worldwide that includes various plant species reputed to possess several medicinal virtues in folk medicines. Chenopodium ambrosioides L. is among the most used plants in traditional medicines worldwide. This review aimed to highlight ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemical status, and pharmacological properties of C. ambrosioides L. Main body of the abstract The analysis of relevant data highlights various ethnomedicinal uses against human and veterinary diseases in forty countries. Most indications consisted of gastrointestinal tract dysfunctioning troubles and worms parasitemia. Around 330 chemical compounds have been identified in different plant parts, especially in its essential oil fractions (59.84%). However, only a few compounds—mainly monoterpenes and glycosides—have been isolated and characterized. Experimental pharmacological studies validated a large scale of significant health benefits. It appeared that many monoterpenes are antioxidant, insecticidal, trypanocidal, analgesic, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, acaricidal, amoebicidal, anthelmintic, anticancer, antibacterial, antidiabetic, antidiarrheal, antifertility, antifungal, anti-leishmanial, antimalarial, antipyretic, antisickling, antischistosomal, antiulcer, anxiolytic, immunomodulatory, molluscicidal, and vasorelaxant agents. Short conclusion Thus, the Chenopodium ambrosioides species necessitates further chemical studies to isolate and characterize new bioactive secondary metabolites and pharmacological investigations to precise the mechanisms of action before clinical trials.

scholarly journals Gentiana asclepiadea L. from Two High Mountainous Habitats: Inter- and Intrapopulation Variability Based on Species’ Phytochemistry

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Zorica Popović ◽  
Dijana Krstić-Milošević ◽  
Milena Marković ◽  
Vera Vidaković ◽  
Srđan Bojović
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Clear Separation ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Intrapopulation Variability ◽  
Population Origin

Natural populations of Gentiana asclepiadea L., located at two mountainous sites, were HPLC-analyzed regarding the contents of six representative secondary metabolites. The contents of swertiamarin (SWM), gentiopicrin (GP), sweroside (SWZ), mangiferin (MGF), isoorientin (ISOOR), and isovitexin (ISOV) were determined in six populations (three per study site), and separately for aboveground and belowground plant parts. PCA showed a clear separation of four groups according to the contents of the analyzed secondary metabolites. Out of six analyzed compounds, five were present in all samples and only one (SWZ) was found in Golija populations (belowground parts) but not in Vlasina populations, and its presence can be indicative of the geolocation of populations. Clear separation of groups was mostly affected by the different contents of chemical compounds in plant parts (aboveground versus belowground) and by the differences related to population origin (higher content of SWM and GP in belowground parts of individuals from Vlasina populations and higher content of MGF and ISOOR of individuals from Golija populations). The results of this study contribute to the spatiochemical profiling of G. asclepiadea populations and a better understanding of inter- and intrapopulation variability of pharmacologically important compounds.

Natural History of Patients Taking Rifaximin-α for Recurrent Hepatic Encephalopathy and Risk of Future Overt Episodes and Mortality: A Post-hoc Analysis of Clinical Trials Data

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1081-1089.e4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian A. Bannister ◽  
James G. Orr ◽  
Alan V. Reynolds ◽  
Mark Hudson ◽  
Peter Conway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post Hoc

Natural history of coronary atherosclerosis using quantitative angiography in men, and implications for clinical trials of coronary regression

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 766-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H. Stone ◽  
C. Michael Gibson ◽  
Richard C. Pasternak ◽  
Kathy McManus ◽  
Lazaro Diaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Coronary Atherosclerosis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Quantitative Angiography

Gymnanthemum coloratum: Review of its Medicinal uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties -

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 196-204
Author(s):  
Alfred Maroyi
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Cytotoxicity Activities

Gymnanthemum coloratum is a shrub or a small tree widely used as traditional medicine throughout its distributional range in tropical Africa. The current study is aimed at reviewing the phytochemistry, pharmacological properties and medicinal uses of G. coloratum. Literature on pharmacological properties, phytochemistry and medicinal uses of G. coloratum was obtained from numerous internet sources such as Scopus, Elsevier, SciFinder, Google Scholar, Pubmed, ScienceDirect, BMC and Web of Science. Other sources of information included pre-electronic sources such as journal articles, theses, book chapters, books and other scientific publications obtained from the university library. The articles published between 1964 and 2020 were used in this study. The current study showed that G. coloratum is used as an anthelmintic, and traditional medicine for reproductive problems, schistosomiasis, liver diseases, sexually transmitted infections, diabetes, sores and wounds, respiratory problems, malaria, skin diseases, fever and gastro-intestinal problems. Ethnopharmacological research identified glaucolides, lactones, amino acids, essential oils, alkaloids, anthocyanins, cardenolids, coumarins, flavonoids, glycosides, leucoanthocyanins, phenols, quinones, reducing sugars, saponins, steroids, tannins, terpenoids and triterpenes from the aerial parts, leaves, roots and stems of G. coloratum. The aerial parts, leaves, roots and whole plant parts of G. coloratum and compounds isolated from the species exhibited anthelmintic, antimicrobial, anti-Blastocystis, anti-inflammatory, anti-sickling, insecticidal and larvicidal, antiplasmodial, antimalarial, antioxidant, antiproliferative, anti-Toxoplasma, hypoglycaemic and antidiabetic and cytotoxicity activities. Gymnanthemum coloratum should be subjected to detailed phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological evaluations aimed at correlating its medicinal uses with its phytochemistry and pharmacological activities.

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