scholarly journals Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites and Associated Factors among Pulmonary Tuberculosis Suspected Patients Attending University of Gondar Hospital, Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yalewayker Tegegne ◽  
Tadelo Wondmagegn ◽  
Ligabaw Worku ◽  
Ayalew Jejaw Zeleke
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Concentration Technique ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Chi Square Test

Introduction. Intestinal parasitic infections are among the major public health problems in developing countries. Hence, it is significant to explore coinfection with intestinal parasites and pulmonary tuberculosis because coinfection increases the complexity of control and prevention of pulmonary tuberculosis and parasitic diseases.Objective. To assess the prevalence of intestinal parasites among pulmonary tuberculosis suspected patients.Method. Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted at University of Gondar Hospital from March to May, 2017. Stool samples were taken from each participant and examined by direct microscopy and concentration technique. Descriptive statistics was performed and chi-square test was used to show the association between variables.Pvalues of <0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results. Intestinal parasites were detected in 50 (19.6%) among a total of 256 pulmonary tuberculosis suspected patients who were included in the study, whereas the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis was 16.8% (43/256). Pulmonary tuberculosis and intestinal parasite coinfection was detected in 5 (2.0%) of the participants. The most prevalent intestinal parasites infection in this study wasAscaris lumbricoides,15 (5.85%), followed byEntamoeba histolytica/dispar,14 (5.46%), and Hookworm, 13 (5.1%).Conclusion. The prevalence of intestinal parasites and their coinfection rate with pulmonary tuberculosis among pulmonary tuberculosis suspected patients were considerable.

Prevalence of Childhood Obesity In Northeastern Ontario: A Cross-sectional Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Foyez Haque ◽  
Alberto G. de la Rocha ◽  
Betty Ann Horbul ◽  
Patricia Desroches ◽  
Craig Orrell
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Program Planning ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Chi Square Test

Purpose: In Canada, the incidence of childhood obesity has tripled within the past 20 years. The prevalence of obesity in the Timmins, Ontario, student population was studied to gain knowledge for program planning and resource allocation, and to compare Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria with Cole’s international criteria for childhood obesity. Methods: Anthropometric measurements of 801 students were taken. Students were chosen from randomly selected schools for each grade. Data were analyzed according to age, gender, and ethnicity. Data were also compared with other studies. Intragroup comparisons were performed using hypothesis testing for significance with the z table and chi-square test. Results: Overweight and obesity prevalence was 28% according to CDC criteria. No statistical difference was found between genders or among ethnic groups, or between this study and other Canadian studies. In comparison with the CDC criteria, Cole’s international criteria indicated less obesity and increased overweight prevalence. These differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions: The findings suggest that in the northern Ontario community of Timmins, the prevalence of childhood obesity is of epidemic proportions. When the findings are shared with different agencies, this study will help the health unit to take necessary public health measures to curb the epidemic.

scholarly journals Bacteriological Safety of Blood Collected for Transfusion at University of Gondar Hospital Blood Bank, Northwest Ethiopia

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hailegebriel Wondimu ◽  
Zelalem Addis ◽  
Feleke Moges ◽  
Yitayal Shiferaw
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Blood Bank ◽  
Bacterial Isolation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background. Transfusion associated bacterial infection has remained more frequent with a sever risk of morbidity and mortality. This study assessed the bacteriological safety of blood collected for transfusion. Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted at University of Gondar hospital blood bank from December 2011 to June 2012. Bacterial isolation, identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were done as per the standard procedure. Chi-square test and P value were used to assess associations between risk factors and the bacterial isolation rate. Results. Twenty-one (15.33%) blood units were found contaminated with bacteria, and 95.24% contamination was due to external sources. The commonly isolated bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus, Coagulase negative Staphylococci, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, Streptococci species, Enterobacter species, and Citrobacter species. All of the bacteria isolated were 100% sensitive to Gentamicin, Chloramphenicol, Amoxicillin, and Doxycycline. Multiple antimicrobial resistances were observed in 66.7% of the isolates. Not using glove by phlebotomist, touching disinfected phlebotomy site and double puncture at the same hand or both hands of a donor were found to be risk factors for bacterial contamination. Conclusion. Bacterial contamination of blood to be transfused is a common problem in the hospital. So attention should be given to activities performed at the blood bank for safe transfusion practices.

scholarly journals Intestinal parasitic infections among HIV infected patients on antiretroviral therapy attending Debretabor General Hospital, Northern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ermias Alemayehu ◽  
Alemu Gedefie ◽  
Aderaw Adamu ◽  
Jemal Mohammed ◽  
Brhanu Kassanew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infection ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Concentration Technique

Abstract Background: Parasitic infections are known causes of morbidity among HIV infected patients with low CD4+ counts who are on antiretroviral therapy; mainly as a result of immune suppression. Thus, this study aimed to assess the extent of intestinal parasitic infection and its related risk factors among HIV infected patients attending ART clinic of Debretabor General Hospital, Northern Ethiopia.Patients and methods: A health facility based cross sectional study was conducted on a total of 383 HIV infected patients attending ART clinic of Debretabor General Hospital, Northern Ethiopia from December 2018 to March 2019. An interview based structured questionnaire were used to gather socio-demographic and risk factor data. About 5 grams of fresh stool specimen and 4 ml of venous blood sample were collected, then transported and tested in accordance with the laboratory standard operating procedures. The obtained data was entered into SPSS version 22.0; and analyzed. P-value <0.05 with 95% confidence interval was considered statistically significant.Result: The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was 25.3%; with 18% and 23.8% by direct wet mount and formol-ether concentration technique respectively. 8 (2.1%) patients were infected by multiple parasites in concentration technique. Ascaris lumbricoides, 23(25.3%) was the most frequently identified parasite. Parasitic infection was significantly higher among illiterates (P=0.011); patients with a CD4 count of <200 cells/mm3 (P<0.001) and among patients who did not have latrine (P=0.049) than their counter parts.Conclusion: Relatively higher prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection was found among HIV/AIDS patients. The distribution of intestinal parasites is greatly affected by illiteracy, reduced CD4+ counts and absence of toilet. Thus, HIV/AIDS patients with low CD4+ counts should be diagnosed consistently for intestinal parasites and routine stool examination and awareness creation should be advocated to be included as an essential component of the ART monitoring strategy for improved patient care.

scholarly journals Assessment of Cryptosporidium in Patients With Gastroenteritis by Modified Ziehl-Neelsen Staining Method in East Azerbaijan Province of Iran During 2018-2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
Alireza Javidmehr ◽  
Yagoob Garedaghi ◽  
Amir Babak Sioufi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
East Azerbaijan

Introduction: Cryptosporidiosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease that is caused by Cryptosporidium species and leads to acute or chronic diarrhea and vomiting in patients. Due to the suitable conditions of East Azerbaijan province for parasite transmission, the present study was performed to evaluate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in patients with gastroenteritis referred to hospitals and reference laboratories of East Azerbaijan province during 2018-2019. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on patients with diarrhea who referred to hospitals and reference laboratories of East Azerbaijan province during 2018-2019. In this study, 180 fecal samples were collected from patients with gastroenteritis by cluster-random sampling. Stool samples were stored in 10% formalin and transferred to a parasitology laboratory and examined for parasite contamination by modified acid-fast staining (Modified Ziehl-Neelsen) method. Data were analyzed by chi-square test using SPSS. Results: Out of 180 samples, the highest number of diarrhea samples belonged to the age group over 40 years (35.5%) and the lowest belonged to the age group of 10-20 years (7.7%). Additionally, 56% of subjects were male and 44% were female. Of these patients, 57.7% lived in urban areas and 42.3% in rural areas. Cryptosporidium was observed in 1.6% (3 cases) of patients with gastroenteritis. There was a statistically significant relationship between Cryptosporidium infection and the age of patients with diarrhea (P<0.05). Conclusion: In the present study, a lower prevalence of cryptosporidiosis has been determined in comparison with previous studies in East Azerbaijan province. However, Cryptosporidium and other parasitic infections in the feces of patients with diarrhea referred to hospitals or reference laboratories need to be carefully diagnosed by appropriate parasitological methods.

scholarly journals Determinants of Helminthic Infections and Anemia among Schoolchildren in Bahir Dar Zuria District, Northwest Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Yeshimebet Fetene ◽  
Tadesse Hailu ◽  
Mulat Yimer ◽  
Megbaru Alemu
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Hemoglobin Level ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Concentration Technique ◽  
Helminthic Infections

Background. Soil-transmitted helminths and Schistosoma mansoni are the major helminthic parasites that cause major public health problems among schoolchildren in developing countries. Infection with the above parasites decreases the hemoglobin level of children. However, information regarding the current status of helminthic infections and anemia is limited. Hence, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and determinants of helminthic infections and anemia among children. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 394 schoolchildren at Sekelet primary school in northwest Ethiopia, from February to March 2017. Study participants were selected by a systematic random sampling technique. Stool samples were collected and processed via the modified Ritchie’s concentration technique to detect parasites in stool. A HemoCue Hb 201 analyzer was used to determine the hemoglobin level. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 statistical software. Association of helminthic infections and anemia with independent variables was determined using logistic regression analysis. Variables with P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results. From the total of 394 participants, 185 (46.9%), 164 (41.6%), and 112 (28.4%) were infected with intestinal parasites, helminths, and STHs, respectively. The prevalence of hookworm and Schistosoma mansoni were 106 (25.6%) and 54 (13.7%), respectively. The prevalence of anemia among the schoolchildren was 278 (70.6%). Anemia was prevalent among 55 (51.9%) hookworm-infected and 19 (35.2%) S. mansoni-infected children. Not wearing shoes and improper utilization of latrine were significantly associated ( P < 0.05 ) with hookworm infection, and frequent swimming in the river was also significantly associated ( P ≤ 0.001 ) with Schistosoma mansoni infection. Schistosoma mansoni and hookworm infections were also significantly associated ( P ≤ 0.001 ) with low levels of hemoglobin. Conclusion. Hookworm and Schistosoma mansoni infections and anemia are highly prevalent among schoolchildren. Hookworm and Schistosoma mansoni infections are significantly associated with anemia. Therefore, helminthic detection and hemoglobin determination should be done simultaneously among schoolchildren.

scholarly journals The Prevalence, Intensity and Risk Factors of Gastrointestinal Parasitic Infections in Outpatients in Bafoussam II, West Region, Cameroon

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-36
Author(s):  
Yannick Duclair Tchinde ◽  
Lem Edith Abongwa ◽  
Fotsing David ◽  
Ntonifor Helen Ngum
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Concentration Technique ◽  
The Difference

Background: Gastrointestinal parasitic infections remain a public health problem in tropical and subtropical countries. This study aimed at assessing the prevalence and density of gastrointestinal parasites and to identify the risk factors of their transmission. Methodology: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out from June to October 2020, on outpatients visiting the Djeleng Sub divisional medical centre in Bafoussam II. All consenting participants provided a stool sample and completed an open-ended questionnaire. Stool samples were examined simultaneously as fresh wet mounts, formal-ether concentration technique and modified Zieihl Neelsen staining technique. Data was analysed using SPSS version 20.0. Results: Results obtained from this study revealed that the overall prevalence and mean intensity of parasite infection was 29.1% (94/323) and 1464±314 ppg respectively. Parasites recovered were: Entamoeba histolytica 54.26% (51/94), Trichomonas intestinalis 21.28% (20/94), Entamoeba coli 19.15% (18/94), Cryptosporidium spp 3.19% (3/94) and Trichuris trichiura 2.13% (2/94). Prevalence was slightly higher in males 31.76% (27/85) than females 28.15% (67/238) and the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.364). The prevalence was higher among individuals aged 21-30 years 35.22% (31/88). Most infected individuals resided in Djemoun 40.0%(4/10) and this prevalence was significant (p=0.025). Hair dressers harboured the highest rate of intestinal parasites 60.0% (6/10) and the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.235). Hand washing practices, washing of fruits, walking bare footed, toilet cleaning, screening of houses, pet possession, and frequency of nail trimming were not identified as risk factors associated with gastrointestinal parasitic transmission (p>0.05). Conclusion: Provision of health education, improving personal and communal hygiene, and community based deworming with addition of antiprotozoal drugs should be of major focus to prevent and control these infections.

scholarly journals A Five-Year Trend of Intestinal Parasite Prevalence among Students Attending Clinic at University of Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Adane Derso ◽  
Gizachew Yenealem ◽  
Ayenew Addisu
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasite ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
The University

Background. Intestinal parasitic infections are the cause of the highest worldwide infectious disease and the major public health problems in developing countries. Among the cases, children and younger age are at high risk and the major victims. The aim of this study was to assess the five-year trend of intestinal parasite prevalence among University of Gondar students. Method. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the trend of intestinal parasite prevalence among students at the University of Gondar. The data was collected from students who have studied at the University of Gondar from 2014 to 2018 and who visited the student’s clinic and had recorded results of stool sample diagnosis on the laboratory logbook. Stool specimens were examined using direct saline wet mount methods. The data was analyzed by using SPSS version 20 software, and P value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Moreover, chi-square was used to assess the association of different variables. Result. During the study period, a total of 6244 stool samples were requested for intestinal parasite diagnosis and it was found that 2850 specimens were positive for intestinal parasites, representing an overall prevalence of 45.6% with a fluctuating trend. Ten different parasites were reported with Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (20.3%) and Giardia lamblia (8.2%), the most frequently detected intestinal parasites. The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections was higher in males (35.4%) than females (10.2%) ( P = 0.02 ). Conclusions. Intestinal parasitic infection was highly prevalent, and there were fluctuations in the prevalence of intestinal parasites from 2014 to 2018. Environmental sanitation improvement and health education schemes at the University of Gondar can be considered quite indispensable for the prevention and control of parasitic infections in the area.

scholarly journals Schistosoma mansoniInfection and Associated Determinant Factors among School Children in Sanja Town, Northwest Ethiopia

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ligabaw Worku ◽  
Demekech Damte ◽  
Mengistu Endris ◽  
Habtie Tesfa ◽  
Mulugeta Aemero
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Determinant Factors

Background. Intestinal schistosomiasis is one of the most widespread parasitic infections in tropical and subtropical countries.Objective. To determine the prevalence ofS. mansoniinfection and associated determinant factors among school children in Sanja Town, northwest Ethiopia.Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to March, 2013. 385 school children were selected using stratified proportionate systematic sampling technique. Pretested questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic data and associated determinant factors. Stool samples were examinedusing formol-ether concentration and Kato-Katz technique. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS 20.0 statistical software. Multivariate logistic regression was done for assessing associated risk factors and proportions for categorical variables were compared using chi-square test.Pvalues less than 0.05 were taken as statistically significant.Results. The prevalence ofS. mansoniinfection was 89.9% (n=346). The overall helminthic infection in this study was 96.6% (n=372). Swimming in the river, washing clothes and utensil using river water, crossing the river with bare foot, and fishing activities showed significant association with the occurrence ofS. mansoniinfection.Conclusion.Schistosoma mansoniinfection was high in the study area. Therefore, mass deworming at least twice a year and health education for community are needed.

scholarly journals TB-diabetes comorbidity and associated factors in Maekel Zone, Eritrea: A cross sectional study.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zenawi Zeramariam Araia ◽  
Amanuel Hadgu Mebrahtu ◽  
Adiam Ghebreyohanns Tewelde ◽  
Araia Berhane Mesfun ◽  
Randa Osma Saleh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Data Extraction Tool ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Treatment Register

Abstract Background : In Eritrea, no study document the true burden of TB-diabetes comorbidity. However, diabetes has been constantly increasing with a prevalence of 3.4 %. Similarly, even though TB notification is showing a declining trend the prevalence is 123/100,000 population. With an increasing diabetes trend, the country is at higher risk of rising TB-diabetes comorbidity which can further complicate TB care, control and prevention activities. Thus, this study was conducted to assess the prevalence of diabetes among pulmonary positive TB patients and its influencing factors in Maekel zone, Eritrea. Methods: This study was a cross sectional study conducted in all (11) TB diagnostic and treatment sites of Maekel zone. All consecutive pulmonary positive TB cases who were registered during the period of 2015-2018 in the national TB treatment register and were eligible included in the analysis. Pretested data extraction tool was used to collect the required information. Data analysis was done by SPSS version 23. Simple frequencies, percentages and means were used to describe the data. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis was also performed. Results: A total of 490 pulmonary positive TB cases were eligible for the study and the overall prevalence of diabetes among pulmonary positive TB cases was 4.3%. Univariate logistic regression showed that participants with an older age (45-90) were more likely to have TB-diabetes comorbidity (COR: 4.397[CI: 1.675-11.545], p<0.01) than those aged 10-44 years old. In addition, subjects whose weight was 65kg and above were more likely (COR: 7.647[CI: 1.965-29.758], p<0.01) to have TB- diabetes comorbidity than those with lower body weight. Conclusion: TB-diabetes comorbidity observed in this study is low but given the growing diabetes trend in the country, an integrated TB-DM services should be given regularly on full scale at all health facilities.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF HOOKWORMS INFECTION ON DOGS IN SUKABUMI REGENCY, WEST JAVA PROVINCE, INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 85-89
Author(s):  
Yusuf Ridwan ◽  
Ardilasunu Wicaksono ◽  
Siti Vanessa Fransiska ◽  
Princesse Theresa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Chi Square Test

Hookworms infection remains as an important parasitic infections affecting animal and human health worldwide. However, information on the prevalence and the risk factors of hookworm infection on dogs in Indonesia is very limited. A cross sectional study to estimate the prevalence and to identify risk factors of hookworms infection on dogs was conducted in rural area with different topography, Sukabumi Regency, Indonesia. A Total of 204 dog stool specimens were examined for hookworm eggs using simple flotation methods. The data of related risk factors namely type of topography area (high and low land), purpose of having dog, dog demography, dog reared management and deworming were collected through dog owners interview’s with completed a questionnaire. Those data were analyzed using the chi-square test (χ2) and logistic regression. The prevalence of hookworm on dogs in Sukabumi was 24.5 % (95% Confidence Interval [CI]=19.1-30.8). This prevalence was associated with topography of the area, the age of dog, and type of dog keeping methods. The prevalence of hookworms was higher in the high land area than low land area (OR=5.935, 95% CI=2.764-12.744 ). Logistic regression identified pupies as a high risk group to hookworms infection (OR= 2.041, 95%CI=1.035-4.055). The dog which kept in the cage/tied had higher risk than free roaming dog (OR=3.66, 95%CI=1.479-9.091).Key words: Dog, hookworms, prevalence, risk factors, Sukabumi.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document