scholarly journals Quantitative and Qualitative Composition of Soil Organic Matter in Samples of Ice Complex from Central Yakutia, Eastern Siberia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Andrey Shepelev ◽  
Alexander Fedorov ◽  
Alexandra Cherepanova
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Active Layer ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Biogenic Elements ◽  
Labile Organic Matter ◽  
Total Carbon Content ◽  
Ice Complex

Investigation of organic carbon and nitrogen stock was conducted at depths greater than one meter in the ice complex in central part of Yakutia (Russia). Around 53% of the total organic carbon stock in the upper part of the ice complex is held in the active layer. The protective layer holds 31% and the permafrost layer holds 16%. The distribution of nitrogen over the elementary layers of the ice complex mirrors the percentages for organic carbon stocks given above. The total stock of biogenic elements in the ice complex investigated (0–250 cm) consists of 38.7 ± 0.2 kg/m2 of organic carbon and 2.13 ± 0.01 kg/m2 of nitrogen. The prevalent amount is carbon detritus, 40% of the total carbon content in the active layer. The share of labile carbon accounts 18%, that is 2 times less than carbon detritus. In the next two layers, the content of the components decreases and varies from 2% to 12%. The low labile organic matter content in the protective and permafrost layers indicates the development of the ice complex proceeded under conditions with poorly formed organic material.

scholarly journals Impacts of vinasse and methods of sugarcane harvesting on the availability of K and carbon stock of an Argisol

Revista CERES ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudinei Alberto Cardin ◽  
Carlos Henrique dos Santos ◽  
Marcos Antonio Escarmínio
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Soil Carbon Stock

ABSTRACT Soils of tropical regions are more weathered and in need of conservation managements to maintain and improve the quality of its components. The objective of this study was to evaluate the availability of K, the organic matter content and the stock of total carbon of an Argisol after vinasse application and manual and mechanized harvesting of burnt and raw sugarcane, in western São Paulo.The data collection was done in the 2012/2013 harvest, in a bioenergy company in Presidente Prudente/SP. The research was arranged out following a split-plot scheme in a 5x5 factorial design, characterized by four management systems: without vinasse application and harvest without burning; with vinasse application and harvest without burning; with vinasse application and harvest after burning; without vinasse application and harvest after burning; plus native forest, and five soil sampling depths (0-10 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50 cm), with four replications. In each treatment, the K content in the soil and accumulated in the remaining dry biomass in the area, the levels of organic matter, organic carbon and soil carbon stock were determined. The mean values were compared by Tukey test. The vinasse application associated with the harvest without burning increased the K content in soil layers up to 40 cm deep. The managements without vinasse application and manual harvest after burning, and without vinasse application with mechanical harvesting without burning did not increase the levels of organic matter, organic carbon and stock of total soil organic carbon, while the vinasse application and harvest after burning and without burning increased the levels of these attributes in the depth of 0-10 cm.

PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY OF SOILS AS INFLUENCED BY LIME AND OTHER TREATMENTS

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Halstead
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Appreciable Effect ◽  
Total Carbon Content ◽  
Mineral Soils

In laboratory incubation experiments liming with Ca(OH)2, CaCO3, or MgCO3 inhibited the phosphatase enzyme activity as measured by determination of phenol or phosphorus released from disodium phenyl phosphate. Chloride and sulphate salts of calcium and magnesium had no appreciable effect on the measured activity. Incubation for 9 months reduced the activity in a group of acid soils but not in a group of nearly neutral soils. Addition of phosphate prior to incubation had no effect on activity in either group.In buffer systems with the pH controlled over the range pH 2.0 to 11.0, activity in samples of an acid mineral soil increased gradually from pH 2.0 to a maximum at about pH 7.0, and then declined rapidly. The occurrence of peaks of optimum activity at pH 5.0 and 9.5 indicated the presence of both acid and alkaline phosphatases in an organic soil.Although there was no significant relationship between phosphatase activity and pH, clay content, nitrogen, and total carbon content of 10 mineral soils, there was a higher activity associated with higher organic matter content in three groups of soils with 3.2, 24.8, and 80.2% organic matter. Initial phosphatase activity of a group of mineral soils was not related to the degree of mineralization of organic soil phosphorus found to occur during an incubation period.

scholarly journals Comparison of wheat and safflower cultivation areas in terms of total carbon and some soil properties under semi-arid climate conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1007-1024
Author(s):  
B. Turgut
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Arid Climate ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract. The aim of this study was to compare the soils of the wheat cultivation area (WCA) and the safflower cultivation area (SCA) within semi-arid climate zones in terms of their total carbon, nitrogen, sulphur contents, particle size distribution, aggregate stability, organic matter content, and pH values. This study presents the results from the analyses of 140 soil samples taken at two soil layers (0–10 and 10–20 cm) in the cultivation areas. At the end of the study, it has been established that there were significant differences between the cultivation areas in terms of soil physical properties such as total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), total sulphur (TS) contents and pH, while only the TN content resulted in significantly different between the two soil layers. Moreover significant differences were identified in the cultivation areas in terms of soil physical properties including clay and sand contents, aggregate stability and organic matter content, whereas the only significant difference found among the soil layers was that of their silt content. Since safflower contains higher amounts of biomass than wheat, we found higher amounts of organic matter content and, therefore, higher amounts of TN and TS content in the soils of the SCA. In addition, due to the fact that wheat contains more cellulose – which takes longer to decompose – the TC content of the soil in the WCA were found to be higher than that of the SCA. The results also revealed that the WCA had a higher carbon storage capacity.

Constant current chronopotentiometric stripping characterisation of organic matter in seawater from the northern Adriatic, Croatia

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slađana Strmečki ◽  
Jelena Dautović ◽  
Marta Plavšić
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Po River ◽  
Northern Adriatic ◽  
Catalytically Active

Environmental context We determined seasonal changes in the organic matter content of the northern Adriatic with newly applied electrochemical techniques able to measure catalytically active organics. The inflow of the Po River and its nutrient load are responsible for the observed changes in the type and concentrations of organic matter in the area. Abstract Catalytically active polysaccharides (Cat PSs) and nitrogen-containing polymeric organic material (N-POM) were determined in seawater from the northern Adriatic station ST101. Catalytically active organics were measured by applying electrochemical methods of adsorptive transfer chronopotentiometric stripping with medium exchange and chronopotentiometric stripping in unmodified seawater. Their concentrations were expressed in milligrams per cubic decimetre–3--> of equivalents of the model calibrating substances, polysaccharide xanthan and protein human serum albumin. The optimal electroanalytical conditions for determination of Cat PSs in seawater were evaluated and defined. Seasonal changes of Cat PSs and N-POM were observed during the period 2011–2013. The highest values were determined in the spring–summer period and the lowest in winter. Cat PSs and N-POM were present in both the dissolved and particulate organic carbon fractions. Cat PSs and N-POM showed a statistically significant positive correlation with the concentrations of surface-active substances. A weak but statistically significant correlation was found between Cat PSs and dissolved organic carbon concentrations. Copper complexing capacities in the period 2011–2013 were in the range of 41–130nmoldm–3.

Soil organic carbon fractions in a Vertisol under irrigated cotton production as affected by burning and incorporating cotton stubble

Soil Research ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 655 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Conteh ◽  
G. J. Blair ◽  
I. J. Rochester
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Labile Carbon ◽  
Total N ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Organic Matter Fractions

The contribution of cotton stubble to the soil organic matter content of Vertisols under cotton production is not well understood. A 3-year experiment was conducted at the Australian Cotton Research Institute to study the effects of burning and incorporating cotton stubble on the recovery of fertiliser nitrogen (N), lint yield, and organic matter levels. This study reports on the changes in soil organic matter fractions as affected by burning and incorporating cotton stubble into the soil. Soil samples collected at the start and end of the 3-year experiment were analysed for total carbon (CT), total N (NT), and δ13C (a measure of 13C/12C isotopic ratios). Labile carbon (CL) was determined by ease of oxidation and non-labile carbon (CNL) was calculated as the difference between CT and CL. Based on the changes in CT, CL, and CNL, a carbon management index (CMI) was calculated. Further analyses were made for total polysaccharides (PT), labile polysaccharides (PL), and light fraction C (LF-C). Stubble management did not significantly affect the NT content of the soil. After 3 years, the stubble-incorporated plots had a significantly higher content of CT, CL, and polysaccharides. Incorporation of stubble into the soil increased the CMI by 41%, whereas burning decreased the CMI by 6%. The amount of LF-C obtained after 3 years in the stubble-incorporated soil was almost double that obtained in the stubble-burnt soil. It was concluded that for sustainable management of soil organic matter in the Vertisols used for cotton production, stubble produced in the system should be incorporated instead of burnt.

EFFECT OF LONG-TERM PIG SLURRY AND SOLID CATTLE MANURE APPLICATION ON SOIL CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. NDAYEGAMIYE ◽  
D. CÔTÉ
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Pig Slurry

Chemical and biological properties were evaluated in 1987 on an acidic silty loam soil following a long-term field study established in 1978 and cultivated with silage corn. Treatments included a control, solid cattle manure (20, 40 and 60 Mg ha−1 FYM) and pig slurry (60, 120 m3 ha−1 SLU) applied every 2 yr and annually, respectively. No fertilizer was applied. The results of this study have shown that neither treatment significantly affected soil pH values, total-N contents and C:N ratios compared to the control. The cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the soil was significantly higher with FYM treatment than with control or SLU application. The highest rates of FYM and SLU have also increased (P < 0.05) soil organic carbon, microbial activity and potentially mineralizable nitrogen. The soil microflora populations (bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, ammonifiers and nitrifiers) were greatly improved by both treatments. There were no significant differences in organic matter content or the relative amount of humic and fulvic acids between FYM and SLU plots. In spite of these results, FYM application (40 and 60 Mg ha−1) did affect more significantly the distribution of organic carbon in HA and the E4/E6 quotients than SLU additions. Humic acids extracted from SLU amended soils had a lower C content and lower E4/E6 ratios than humic acids from FYM soils. Long-term SLU application did not contribute to decreased organic matter content, CEC and humic acids yield, probably because of optimal organic residues returned to the soil by the corn crops. The FYM application generally improved soil chemical and biological properties. For a sustainable soil productivity, long-term SLU application should then be avoided in rotation in which small amounts of plant residues are returned, especially on soils with low organic matter contents. Key words: Organic matter, microbial activity, nitrogen mineralization potential, CEC, solid cattle manure, pig slurry

scholarly journals Organic carbon determination in histosols and soil horizons with high organic matter content from Brazil

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Gervasio Pereira ◽  
Gustavo Souza Valladares ◽  
Lúcia Helena Cunha dos Anjos ◽  
Vinícius de Melo Benites ◽  
Ademar Espíndula Jr. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Muffle Furnace ◽  
Soil Taxonomy ◽  
High Organic Carbon Content

Soil taxonomy systems distinguish mineral soils from organic soils based on the amount of soil organic carbon. Procedures adopted in soil surveys for organic carbon measurement are therefore of major importance to classify the soils, and to correlate their properties with data from other studies. To evaluate different methods for measuring organic carbon and organic matter content in Histosols and soils with histic horizons, from different regions of Brazil, 53 soil samples were comparatively analyzed by the methods of Walkley & Black (modified), Embrapa, Yeomans & Bremner, modified Yeomans & Bremner, muffle furnace, and CHN. The modified Walkley & Black (C-W & B md) and the combustion of organic matter in the muffle furnace (OM-Muffle) were the most suitable for the samples with high organic carbon content. Based on regression analysis data, the OM-muffle may be estimated from C-W & B md by applying a factor that ranges from 2.00 to 2.19 with 95% of probability. The factor 2.10, the average value, is suggested to convert results obtained by these methods.

scholarly journals The color of refractory organic carbon

2018 ◽  
Vol 189 (2) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxime Debret ◽  
Yoann Copard ◽  
Antonin Van Exem ◽  
Geneviève Bessereau ◽  
Frank Haeseler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Fast Method ◽  
Wide Range

Organic matter studies find an echo within different topics such as biogeochemical cycles, processes occurring in continental surfaces, anthropogenic activities, climate science, earth and planetary sciences, etc. Today’s challenges include finding and developing the most appropriate method(s) supporting the differentiation and characterisation of various types of recalcitrant organic matter in modern environments. In this study, we focus on combustion residues and coals as these two types of organic matter contain a significant amount of so-called recalcitrant organic carbon (black carbon and fossil organic carbon). Both these materials are ubiquitous, broadly stem from the same living organisms and have similar polyaromatic structures. In this respect, we tested a spectrophotometry method, classically used for sedimentology, as a very fast method for preliminary investigations. Analyses were performed with a wide range of standards and referenced samples. The results discriminate three different spectral signatures related to the degree of transformation of organic matter related to the degree of aromaticity (i.e. carbonisation). Using calibration curves, total organic carbon content can be estimated in experimental mixes with mineral matter and in a real context using subsurface sample (Gironville 101 borehole, Paris Basin, France). This method has particularly high sensitivity to very low organic matter content and is shown to be promising for a rapid evaluation of the organic carbon content.

scholarly journals Modern Landfills as Potential Feed Back Processes to Counteract Global Warming

2017 ◽  
pp. 780-787
Author(s):  
Torleif Bramryd ◽  
Michael Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Landfill Gas ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Motor Fuel ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Total Carbon Content

Provided that produced biogas is effectively collected, landfills are important sinks for organic carbon compensating for emissions of CO2 from burning of fossil fuels. Sequestrating of long-lived organic carbon in the landfill itself is the most pronounced factor, but also other processes during landfill management will increase the capture and binding of CO2.. Compost produced in connection to the landfills and applied as soil improvement, is another important sink for organic carbon.The landfills in the World have been estimated to accumulate around 100 x 106 metric tons of C. Normally about 25-40 percent of the total carbon content in the waste can be converted into biogas in traditional landfills. During landfilling most of the organic carbon in fossil derived products, like plastics, synthetic rubber, textiles and other synthetic materials, As these products take part in the methane gas production, the landfill gas (biogas) can be regarded as a true biofuel. In contrast to incineration, high moisture content in the waste will not decrease the yield of energy per ton of waste. In a reactor landfill treating approximately 100 000 tons of waste per year, a longlived organic fraction corresponding to about 45 000 metric tons of carbon dioxide is longterm accumulated each year. This compensates for the annual carbon dioxide emissions from about 15 000 – 20 000 cars, provided that each one runs 15 000 km per year with fossil fuel. The technique for effective collection of landfill gas, and new techniques to upgrade and liquefy the biogas, have decreased the risk for emissions to the atmosphere. Modern bioreactor landfills have been estimated to have less than 10% diffuse biogas emissions to the atmosphere. Also in Sweden (Helsingborg), plants are built to convert landfill gas to upgraded, liquefied motor fuel. This will lead to strongly reduced diffuse emissions of landfill gas to the atmosphere. The utilization of leachates as forest fertilizer results in an improved biomass production and increased accumulation of soil organic matter. Increased tree and field layer productivity also means that the potential for water evaporation (eg. evapotranspiration) increase, reducing the costs for waste-water treatment or the risk for diffuse ground water pollution. Also in the mineral soil, increased long-lived fractions of humus normally are found. This should be added to the carbon accumulating effect of the landfill itself, where long-lived organic matter, mainly derived from lignin and from fossil fractions as plastics and synthetic textiles is long-term accumulated. In this respect the landfill system has similar effects compared to natural peatlands and lake and sea sediments, Ifproduced biogas is collected effectively, the landfill thus can be an important factor to counteract the “green-house effect” and climate change.

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