scholarly journals Vitamin D, Gestational Diabetes, and Measures of Glucose Metabolism in a Population-Based Multiethnic Cohort

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Åse Ruth Eggemoen ◽  
Christin Wiegels Waage ◽  
Line Sletner ◽  
Hanne L. Gulseth ◽  
Kåre I. Birkeland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Multiethnic Population ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

Objective. We explored associations between maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) status during pregnancy and gestational diabetes (GDM) and other measures of glucose metabolism. Methods. We analysed 25(OH)D at 15 and 28 gestational weeks (GW) in 745 multiethnic pregnant women attending antenatal care units in Oslo, Norway, between 2008 and 2010. GDM was diagnosed with a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test at 28 GW. Separate regression analyses were performed to investigate associations between 25(OH)D and GDM and measures of glucose metabolism. Results. A higher proportion of ethnic minority women had GDM (p<0.01) and low 25(OH)D (p<0.01) compared to Europeans. In logistic regression analyses, 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L was associated with GDM after adjusting for age, parity, education, and season (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.1–2.2). After additional adjustments for variables reflecting fat mass (skinfolds or BMI) and ethnicity, the association disappeared with ethnicity having a much stronger effect than the adiposity variables. We got similar results exploring effects on other measures of glucose metabolism and when change in 25(OH)D from inclusion to 28 GW was taken into account. Conclusions. Vitamin D deficiency was not associated with GDM or glucose metabolism in a multiethnic population-based study, after adjustments for confounding factors, in particular ethnicity.

scholarly journals Glucose Metabolism Effects of Vitamin D in Prediabetes: The VitDmet Randomized Placebo-Controlled Supplementation Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen ◽  
Jyrki K. Virtanen ◽  
Sari Voutilainen ◽  
Tarja Nurmi ◽  
Jaakko Mursu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D

Epidemiological evidence suggests a role for vitamin D in type 2 diabetes prevention. We investigated the effects of vitamin D3supplementation on glucose metabolism and inflammation in subjects with prediabetes. A 5-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention with three arms (placebo, 40 μg/d, or 80 μg/d vitamin D3) was carried out among sixty-eight overweight (BMI 25–35) and aging (≥60 years) subjects from Finland, with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3[25(OH)D3] < 75 nmol/L and either impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance. Analyses included 66 subjects who completed the trial. Glucose metabolism was evaluated by fasting and 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test-derived indices and glycated hemoglobin. Inflammation was evaluated by high-sensitive C-reactive protein and five cytokines. Although a dose-dependent increase in serum 25(OH)D3over the supplementation period was observed (Ptrend < 0.001), there were no other statistically significant differences in changes in the 13 glucose homeostasis indicators between the study groups other than increase in the 120 min glucose concentration (Ptrend = 0.021) and a decreasing trend both in 30 min plasma insulin (Ptrend = 0.030) and glycated hemoglobin (Ptrend = 0.024) concentrations. A borderline statistically significant decreasing trend in interleukin-1 receptor antagonist concentration was observed (P= 0.070). Vitamin D3supplementation does not improve glucose metabolism in ageing subjects with prediabetes but may have modest anti-inflammatory effects.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Disease Severity and Death in Relation to Vitamin D Status among SARS-CoV-2-Positive UAE Residents

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1714
Author(s):  
Habiba AlSafar ◽  
William B. Grant ◽  
Rafiq Hijazi ◽  
Maimunah Uddin ◽  
Nawal Alkaabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Hospital Visit ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Multiethnic Population ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

Insufficient blood levels of the neurohormone vitamin D are associated with increased risk of COVID-19 severity and mortality. Despite the global rollout of vaccinations and promising preliminary results, the focus remains on additional preventive measures to manage COVID-19. Results conflict on vitamin D’s plausible role in preventing and treating COVID-19. We examined the relation between vitamin D status and COVID-19 severity and mortality among the multiethnic population of the United Arab Emirates. Our observational study used data for 522 participants who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 at one of the main hospitals in Abu Dhabi and Dubai. Only 464 of those patients were included for data analysis. Demographic and clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. Serum samples immediately drawn at the first hospital visit were used to measure serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations through automated electrochemiluminescence. Levels < 12 ng/mL were significantly associated with higher risk of severe COVID-19 infection and of death. Age was the only other independent risk factor, whereas comorbidities and smoking did not contribute to the outcomes upon adjustment. Sex of patients was not an important predictor for severity or death. Our study is the first conducted in the UAE to measure 25(OH)D levels in SARS-CoV-2-positive patients and confirm the association of levels < 12 ng/mL with COVID-19 severity and mortality.

scholarly journals Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Bone Mineral Density in a Racially and Ethnically Diverse Group of Men

2008 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian T. Hannan ◽  
Heather J. Litman ◽  
Andre B. Araujo ◽  
Christine E. McLennan ◽  
Robert R. McLean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
White Men ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

Abstract Context: Although racial and ethnic differences in vitamin D status and bone mineral density (BMD) are recognized, less is known about how differences in vitamin D status impact BMD, especially among men. Objective: Our objective was to examine the relation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and BMD by race and ethnic group. Design: We conducted a population-based, observational survey. Participants: Participants included 1114 Black, Hispanic, and White men, 30–79 yr of age. Outcomes: We assessed 25(OH)D by a competitive protein binding assay and BMD by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Results: Mean age ± sd of the 331 Black, 362 Hispanic, and 421 White men was 48 ± 12.8 yr. Mean 25(OH)D was lower among Black (25.0 ± 14.7 ng/ml) and Hispanic (32.9 ± 13.9 ng/ml) men compared with White men (37.4 ± 14.0 ng/ml, P &lt; 0.01). A higher percentage of both Black (44%) and Hispanic (23%) men had levels of 25(OH)D in the lowest quartile, compared with 11% of White men (P &lt; 0.001). After adjusting for age, height, and weight, only White men showed significant positive correlation between 25(OH)D and BMD (range of correlations, 0.00–0.14). Serum 25(OH)D was not associated with BMD in Black or Hispanic men at any bone site. Results were similar when adjusted for age only. Conclusions: Our findings confirm substantial racial and ethnic group differences in BMD and serum 25(OH)D in men. Serum 25(OH)D and BMD are significantly related to one another in White men only. This may have implications for evaluation of bone health and supplementation in men with low levels of 25(OH)D. Further understanding of the biological mechanisms for these differences between race and ethnic groups is needed.

scholarly journals Low Plasma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Risk of Tobacco-Related Cancer

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 771-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoaib Afzal ◽  
Stig E Bojesen ◽  
Børge G Nordestgaard
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Lower Plasma ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolism ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
And Function

BACKGROUND Tobacco smoke chemicals may influence vitamin D metabolism and function, and conversely vitamin D may modify the carcinogenicity of tobacco smoke chemicals. We tested the hypothesis that lower plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] is associated with a higher risk of tobacco-related cancer in the general population. METHODS A prospective population-based cohort of 9791 individuals from the Copenhagen City Heart Study who were free of cancer at baseline was followed from 1981–1983 until December 2008 with 100% complete follow-up. RESULTS During up to 28 years of follow-up, 1081 participants developed a tobacco-related cancer and 1506 developed other cancers. Decreasing 25(OH)D concentrations, subdivided by clinical categories or by seasonally adjusted percentile categories, were associated with increasing cumulative incidence of tobacco-related cancer (log-rank trend P = 2 × 10−6 and P = 5 × 10−9). Multivariable adjusted hazard ratios of tobacco-related cancer were 1.75 (95% CI, 1.33–2.30) for 25(OH)D &lt;5 vs ≥20 ng/mL, and 2.07 (1.63–2.62) for ≤5th vs &gt;66th percentile. Also, multivariable adjusted hazard ratios for a 50% reduction in 25(OH)D were 1.20 (1.13–1.28) for any tobacco-related cancer, 1.19 (95% CI, 1.09–1.31) for lung cancer, 1.44 (1.19–1.73) for head and neck cancer, 1.28 (1.06–1.54) for bladder cancer, 1.34 (1.04–1.73) for kidney cancer, and 0.95 (0.89–1.01) for other cancers. CONCLUSIONS Lower plasma 25(OH)D was associated with higher risk of tobacco-related cancers, but not with risk of other cancers.

scholarly journals Short Communication: Vitamin D and COVID-19 infection and mortality in UK Biobank

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire E Hastie ◽  
Jill P Pell ◽  
Naveed Sattar
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Proportional Hazards Regression ◽  
Potential Link ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

AbstractPurposeVitamin D has been proposed as a potential causal factor in COVID-19 risk. We aimed to establish whether blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration was associated with COVID-19 mortality, and inpatient confirmed COVID-19 infection, in UK Biobank participants.MethodsUK Biobank recruited 502,624 participants aged 37-73 years between 2006 and 2010. Baseline exposure data, including 25(OH)D concentration, were linked to COVID-19 mortality. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed for the association between 25(OH)D and COVID-19 death, and poisson regression analyses for the association between 25(OH)D and severe COVID-19 infection.ResultsComplete data were available for 341,484 UK Biobank participants, of which 656 had inpatient confirmed COVID-19 infection and 203 died of COVID-19 infection. Vitamin D was associated with severe COVID-19 infection and mortality univariably (mortality HR=0.99; 95% CI 0.98-0.998; p=0.016), but not after adjustment for confounders (mortality HR=0.998; 95% CI=0.99-1.01; p=0.696).ConclusionsOur findings do not support a potential link between vitamin D concentrations and risk of severe COVID-19 infection and mortality. Recommendations for vitamin D supplementation to lessen COVID-19 risks may provide false reassurance.

scholarly journals Vitamin D deficiency prevalence and risk factors among pregnant Chinese women

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1746-1754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunfeng Yun ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
Yuna He ◽  
Deqian Mao ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Supplement

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate vitamin D deficiency prevalence and risk factors among pregnant Chinese women.DesignA descriptive cross-sectional analysis.SettingChina National Nutrition and Health Survey (CNNHS) 2010–2013.SubjectsA total of 1985 healthy pregnant women participated. Possible predictors of vitamin D deficiency were evaluated via multiple logistic regression analyses.ResultsThe median serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was 15·5 (interquartile range 11·9–20·0, range 3·0–51·5) ng/ml, with 74·9 (95 % CI 73·0, 76·7) % of participants being vitamin D deficient (25-hydroxyvitamin D <20 ng/ml). According to the multivariate logistic regression analyses, vitamin D deficiency was positively correlated with Hui ethnicity (P=0·016), lack of vitamin D supplement use (P=0·021) and low ambient UVB level (P<0·001). In the autumn months, vitamin D deficiency was related to Hui ethnicity (P=0·012) and low ambient UVB level (P<0·001). In the winter months, vitamin D deficiency was correlated with younger age (P=0·050), later gestational age (P=0·035), higher pre-pregnancy BMI (P=0·019), low ambient UVB level (P<0·001) and lack of vitamin D supplement use (P=0·007).ConclusionsVitamin D deficiency is prevalent among pregnant Chinese women. Residing in areas with low ambient UVB levels increases the risk of vitamin D deficiency, especially for women experiencing advanced stages of gestation, for younger pregnant women and for women of Hui ethnicity; therefore, vitamin D supplementation and sensible sun exposure should be encouraged, especially in the winter months. Further studies must determine optimal vitamin D intake and sun exposure levels for maintaining sufficient vitamin D levels in pregnant Chinese women.

scholarly journals The changing face of gestational diabetes: the effect of the shift from risk factor-based to comprehensive screening

2015 ◽  
Vol 173 (5) ◽  
pp. 623-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanna Koivunen ◽  
Eero Kajantie ◽  
Annukka Torkki ◽  
Aini Bloigu ◽  
Mika Gissler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Caesarean Section Rate ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Singleton Pregnancy ◽  
Medical Birth Register ◽  
Total Prevalence

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of the change in the gestational diabetes (GDM) screening policy from risk-factor based to comprehensive screening on the prevalence and type of GDM and characteristics of GDM pregnancies.DesignPopulation-based register study in Finland. Subjects were GDM women who gave birth before (2006,n=5185) and after (2010,n=6683) the policy change. All the other women in those years without pre-pregnancy diabetes acted as controls (51 759 and 52 398 respectively).MethodsGDM women with singleton pregnancy were identified through The Finnish Medical Birth Register by abnormal oral glucose tolerance test or initiation of insulin. Main outcome measures were prevalence of GDM (total and insulin/diet-treated), and caesarean section rate.ResultsThe proportion of screened mothers increased from 27.5 to 51.3% and the total prevalence of GDM from 9.1 to 11.3%. This increase consisted mainly of diet-treated mothers, while the number and proportion of insulin-treated mothers decreased (21.8% vs13.3%,P<0.001). The proportion of primiparous women increased (34.5–39.4%,P<0.0001) and mean pre-pregnancy BMI decreased (28.6–28.2,P<0.001). The overall caesarean section rate remained the same but increased among women with GDM (20.8–22.1%) adjusted odds ratios being 1.22 (95% CI 1.14, 1.31) during comprehensive and 1.10 (95% CI 1.02, 1.19) during risk factor-based screening.ConclusionsThe shift to comprehensive screening led to a significant increase in women with GDM, who were more often primiparous and had a lower BMI. Comprehensive screening did not perform better in diagnosing women needing insulin treatment.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Deficiency Is Not Associated with Diabetic Retinopathy or Maculopathy

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uazman Alam ◽  
Yasar Amjad ◽  
Anges Wan Shan Chan ◽  
Omar Asghar ◽  
Ioannis N. Petropoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Clinical Covariates ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

Background. Experimental and clinical studies suggest a possible association between vitamin D deficiency and both diabetic retinopathy and maculopathy.Methods. We have performed a cross-sectional study in adults with types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus. The relationship between the presence and severity of diabetic retinopathy and maculopathy with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was evaluated using logistic regression analyses in the presence of demographic and clinical covariates.Results. 657 adults with diabetes were stratified based on retinopathy grading: No Diabetic Retinopathy (39%), Background Diabetic Retinopathy (37%), Preproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (21%), and Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (3%), respectively. There were no differences in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations (25(OH)D) between the groups (15.3±9.0versus16.4±10.5versus15.9±10.4versus15.7±8.5 ng/mL,P=NS). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated no statistically significant relationship between the severity of retinopathy and serum 25(OH)D. Furthermore, there was no difference in serum 25(OH)D between those with (n=94, 14%) and those without (n=563, 86%) Diabetic Maculopathy (16.2±10.0versus15.8±9.8,P=NS) and no relationship was demonstrated by logistic regression analyses between the two variables.Conclusions. This study has found no association between serum 25(OH)D and the presence and severity of diabetic retinopathy or maculopathy.

scholarly journals Blood pressure in 3-year-old girls associates inversely with umbilical cord serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D: an Odense Child Cohort study

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 1236-1244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Søs Dragsbæk Larsen ◽  
Christine Dalgård ◽  
Mathilde Egelund Christensen ◽  
Sine Lykkedegn ◽  
Louise Bjørkholt Andersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Young Girls ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

Background Low foetal vitamin D status may be associated with higher blood pressure (BP) in later life. Objective To examine whether serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D2+3 (s-25OHD) in cord and pregnancy associates with systolic and diastolic BP (SBP; DBP) in children up to 3 years of age. Design Prospective, population-based cohort study. Methods We included 1594 singletons from the Odense Child Cohort with available cord s-25OHD and BP data at median age 3.7 months (48% girls), 18.9 months (44% girls) or 3 years (48% girls). Maternal s-25OHD was also assessed at gestational ages 12 and 29 weeks. Multiple regression models were stratified by sex a priori and adjusted for maternal educational level, season of birth and child height, weight and age. Results In 3-year-old girls, SBP decreased with −0.7 mmHg (95% CI −1.1; −0.3, P = 0.001) and DBP with −0.4 mmHg (95% CI −0.7; −0.1, P = 0.016) for every 10 nmol/L increase in cord s-25OHD in adjusted analyses. Moreover, the adjusted odds of having SBP >90th percentile were reduced by 30% for every 10 nmol/L increase in cord s-25OHD (P = 0.004) and by 64% for cord s-25OHD above the median 45.1 nmol/L (P = 0.02). Similar findings were observed between pregnancy s-25OHD and 3-year SBP, cord s-25OHD and SBP at 18.9 months, and cord s-25OHD and DBP at 3 years. No consistent associations were observed between s-25OHD and BP in boys. Conclusion Cord s-25OHD was inversely associated with SBP and DBP in young girls, but not in boys. Higher vitamin D status in foetal life may modulate BP in young girls. The sex difference remains unexplained.

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