scholarly journals Effect of Cathodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on a Child with Involuntary Movement after Hypoxic Encephalopathy

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayumi Nagai ◽  
Naofumi Tanaka ◽  
Yutaka Oouchida ◽  
Shin-Ichi Izumi
Keyword(s):  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Supplementary Motor Area ◽  
Involuntary Movement ◽  
Motor Area ◽  
Involuntary Movements ◽  
Hypoxic Encephalopathy ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Cathodal Stimulation ◽  
Motor Areas

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation to the supplementary motor area to inhibit involuntary movements of a child. An 8-year-old boy who developed hypoxic encephalopathy after asphyxia at the age of 2 had difficulty in remaining standing without support because of involuntary movements. He was instructed to remain standing with his plastic ankle-foot orthosis for 10 s at three time points by leaning forward with his forearms on a desk. He received cathodal or sham transcranial direct current stimulation to the supplementary motor area at 1 mA for 10 min. Involuntary movements during standing were measured using an accelerometer attached to his forehead. The low-frequency power of involuntary movements during cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation significantly decreased compared with that during sham stimulation. No adverse effects were observed. Involuntary movement reduction by cathodal stimulation to supplementary motor areas suggests that stimulations modulated the corticobasal ganglia motor circuit. Cathodal stimulation to supplementary motor areas may be effective for reducing involuntary movements and may be safely applied to children with movement disorders.

scholarly journals The Influence of Pre-Supplementary Motor Area Targeted High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Inhibitory Control

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bambi L. DeLaRosa ◽  
Jeffrey S. Spence ◽  
Michael A. Motes ◽  
Wing To ◽  
Sven Vanneste ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Supplementary Motor Area ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Motor Area ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Cathodal Stimulation

AbstractThe neural underpinnings of inhibitory control, an executive cognitive control function, has been a topic of interest for several decades due to both its clinical significance and the maturation of cognitive science disciplines. Behavioral, imaging, and electrophysiological studies suggest that the pre-supplementary motor area (preSMA) serves as a primary hub in a network of regions engaged in inhibition. High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) allows us to modulate neural function to assess cortical contribution to cognitive functioning. The present study targeted HD-tDCS modulation of preSMA to affect inhibition. Participants were randomly assigned to receive 20 min of Sham, Anodal, or Cathodal stimulation prior to completing a semantically cued go/nogo task while electroencephalography (EEG) data were recorded. Both anodal and cathodal stimulation improved inhibitory performance as measured by faster reaction times and increased (greater negative) N2 event-related potentials (ERPs). In contrast, the Sham group did not show such changes. We did not find support for the anodal/cathodal dichotomy for HD neural stimulation. These findings constitute an early investigation into role of the preSMA in inhibitory control and in exploring application of HD-tDCS to the preSMA in order to improve inhibitory control.

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation of Pre-Supplementary Motor Area for SSRI resistant OCD

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 372
Author(s):  
Janardhanan C. Narayanaswamy ◽  
Dania Jose ◽  
Harleen Chabra ◽  
Sri Mahavir Agarwal ◽  
Basavaraj Shrinivasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Supplementary Motor Area ◽  
Motor Area ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation applied over the supplementary motor area delays spontaneous antiphase-to-in-phase transitions

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 780-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Carter ◽  
Dana Maslovat ◽  
Anthony N. Carlsen
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Oscillation Frequency ◽  
Supplementary Motor Area ◽  
Motor Area ◽  
Coordination Pattern ◽  
Anodal Tdcs ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Cathodal Tdcs

Coordinated bimanual oscillatory movements often involve one of two intrinsically stable phasing relationships characterized as in-phase (symmetrical) or antiphase (asymmetrical). The in-phase mode is typically more stable than antiphase, and if movement frequency is increasing during antiphase movements, a spontaneous transition to the in-phase pattern occurs. There is converging neurophysiological evidence that the supplementary motor area (SMA) plays a critical role in the successful performance of these patterns, especially during antiphase movements. We investigated whether modulating the excitability of the SMA via offline transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) would delay the onset of anti-to-in-phase transitions. Participants completed two sessions (separated by ∼48 h), each consisting of a pre- and post-tDCS block in which they performed metronome-paced trials of rhythmic in- and antiphase bimanual supination-pronation movements as target oscillation frequency was systematically increased. Anodal or cathodal tDCS was applied over the SMA between the pre- and post-tDCS blocks in each session. Following anodal tDCS, participants performed the antiphase pattern with increased accuracy and stability and were able to maintain the coordination pattern at a higher oscillation frequency. Antiphase performance was unchanged following cathodal tDCS, and neither tDCS polarity affected the in-phase mode. Our findings suggest increased SMA excitability induced by anodal tDCS can improve antiphase performance and adds to the accumulating evidence of the pivotal role of the SMA in interlimb coordination.

scholarly journals Case Report: Improving Verbal Retrieval Deficits With High Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Targeting the Pre-Supplementary Motor Area in a Patient With Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsueh-Sheng Chiang ◽  
Scott Shakal ◽  
Sven Vanneste ◽  
Michael Kraut ◽  
John Hart
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Supplementary Motor Area ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Motor Area ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Related Potentials

We report a patient who has cognitive sequalae including verbal retrieval deficits after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). The cortico-caudate-thalamic circuit involving the pre-Supplementary Motor Area (pre-SMA) has been proposed to underlie verbal retrieval functions. We hypothesized that High Definition-transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (HD-tDCS) targeting the pre-SMA would selectively modulate this circuit to remediate verbal retrieval deficits. After the patient underwent 10 sessions of 20 min of 1 mA HD-tDCS targeting the pre-SMA, we documented significant improvements for verbal fluency and naming, and for working memory and executive function tasks that involve the frontal lobes. The effects persisted for up to 14 weeks after completion of HD-tDCS treatment. We also demonstrated normalization of the event-related potentials suggesting modulation of the underlying neural circuit. Our study implicates that region-specific non-invasive brain stimulation, such as HD-tDCS, serves as a potential individualized therapeutic tool to treat cognitive deficits by inducing longer-lasting neuroplasticity even in the chronic phase of TBI.

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