scholarly journals Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Cognition, and Multiple Sclerosis: An Overview

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grigorios Nasios ◽  
Lambros Messinis ◽  
Efthimios Dardiotis ◽  
Panagiotis Papathanasopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Functional Reorganization ◽  
Brain Volume Loss ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Role

Multiple sclerosis (MS) affects cognition in the majority of patients. A major aspect of the disease is brain volume loss (BVL), present in all phases and types (relapsing and progressive) of the disease and linked to both motor and cognitive disabilities. Due to the lack of effective pharmacological treatments for cognition, cognitive rehabilitation and other nonpharmacological interventions such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) have recently emerged and their potential role in functional connectivity is studied. With recently developed advanced neuroimaging and neurophysiological techniques, changes related to alterations of the brain’s functional connectivity can be detected. In this overview, we focus on the brain’s functional reorganization in MS, theoretical and practical aspects of rTMS utilization in humans, and its potential therapeutic role in treating cognitively impaired MS patients.

scholarly journals Distinction of High- and Low-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on the Functional Reorganization of the Motor Network in Stroke Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Zhiwei Guo ◽  
Yu Jin ◽  
Xi Bai ◽  
Binghu Jiang ◽  
Lin He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Sham Group ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Functional Reorganization ◽  
Motor Network ◽  
Motor Improvement

Objective. To investigate the functional reorganization of the motor network after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in stroke patients with motor dysfunction and the distinction between high-frequency rTMS (HF-rTMS) and low-frequency rTMS (LF-rTMS). Methods. Thirty-three subcortical stroke patients were enrolled and assigned to the HF-rTMS group, LF-rTMS group, and sham group. Each patient of rTMS groups received either 10.0 Hz rTMS over the ipsilesional primary motor cortex (M1) or 1.0 Hz rTMS over the contralesional M1 for 10 consecutive days. A resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan and neurological examinations were performed at baseline and after rTMS. The motor network and functional connectivities intramotor network with the core brain regions including the bilateral M1, premotor area (PMA), and supplementary motor area (SMA) were calculated. Comparisons of functional connectivities and Pearson correlation analysis between functional connectivity changes and behavioral improvement were calculated. Results. Significant motor improvement was found after rTMS in all groups which was larger in two rTMS groups than in the sham group. The functional connectivities of the motor network were significantly increased in bilateral M1, SMA, and contralesional PMA after real rTMS. These changes were only detected in the regions of the ipsilesional hemisphere in the HF-rTMS group and in the regions of the contralesional hemisphere in the LF-rTMS group. Significantly changed functional connectivities of the intramotor network were found between the ipsilesional M1 and SMA and contralesional PMA, between contralesional M1 and contralesional SMA, between contralesional SMA and ipsilesional SMA and contralesional PMA in the HF-rTMS group in which the changed connectivity between ipsilesional M1 and contralesional PMA was obviously correlated with the motor improvement. In addition, the functional connectivity of the intramotor network between ipsilesional M1 and contralesional PMA was significantly higher in the HF-rTMS group than in the LF-rTMS group. Conclusion. Both HF-rTMS and LF-rTMS have a positive effect on motor recovery in patients with subcortical stroke and could promote the reorganization of the motor network. HF-rTMS may contribute more to the functional connectivity reorganization of the ipsilesional motor network and realize greater benefit to the motor recovery.

Improvement of hand dexterity following motor cortex rTMS in multiple sclerosis patients with cerebellar impairment

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 995-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Koch ◽  
S Rossi ◽  
C Prosperetti ◽  
C Codecà ◽  
F Monteleone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Hand Dexterity ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽  
Cerebellar Symptoms

We tested the effects of 5-Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the motor cortex in multiple sclerosis (MS) subjects with cerebellar symptoms. rTMS improved hand dexterity in cerebellar patients ( n = 8) but not in healthy subjects ( n = 7), as detected by a significant transient reduction of the time required to complete the nine-hole pegboard task. rTMS of the motor cortex may be a useful approach to treat cerebellar impairment in MS patients.

scholarly journals Changes in Functional Connectivity Predict Outcome of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 4958-4967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Corlier ◽  
Andrew Wilson ◽  
Aimee M Hunter ◽  
Nikita Vince-Cruz ◽  
David Krantz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Clinical Improvement ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Major Depressive

AbstractRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with changes in brain functional connectivity (FC). These changes may be related to the mechanism of action of rTMS and explain the variability in clinical outcome. We examined changes in electroencephalographic FC during the first rTMS treatment in 109 subjects treated with 10 Hz stimulation to left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. All subjects subsequently received 30 treatments and clinical response was defined as ≥40% improvement in the inventory of depressive symptomatology-30 SR score at treatment 30. Connectivity change was assessed with coherence, envelope correlation, and a novel measure, alpha spectral correlation (αSC). Machine learning was used to develop predictive models of outcome for each connectivity measure, which were compared with prediction based upon early clinical improvement. Significant connectivity changes were associated with clinical outcome (P < 0.001). Machine learning models based on αSC yielded the most accurate prediction (area under the curve, AUC = 0.83), and performance improved when combined with early clinical improvement measures (AUC = 0.91). The initial rTMS treatment session produced robust changes in FC, which were significant predictors of clinical outcome of a full course of treatment for MDD.

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